Initiative in Evolution

by Walter Kidd

INDEX.

Adami, Professor. “Medical Contributions to the Study of Evolution,” [21].
Ancestry, primate, [235], [236].
Anthropology, [4].
Ape: Arrangement of hair on forearm of, [43].
——Papillary ridges on hand and foot of, [164].
——Bursæ of, [184–186].
——Muscles of, [213], [214].
Artists, Evidence from, [66].
Ass: Hair-patterns of, [82].
Baboon, Chacma, papillary ridges on hand and foot of, [165], [166].
Bartholinus, Erasmus, [126].
Bateson, Professor, [9], [20], [22], [33], [149], [255].
——“Materials for the Study of Variation,” [9–13], [22], [210].
Bayliss, Professor, [244].
Bear, Parti-coloured (Æluropus melanoleucus): Hair-patterns of, [121], [122].
Beddard, Mr., [118].
——“Animal Colouration67,” [206].
Bell, Sir Charles, [205].
Bergson, [205].
Bongo (Tragelaphus euryceros): Hair-patterns of, [118].
Bonney, Professor. “The Story of Our Planet,” [3].
Bower, Professor, [21].
Brooks, Professor, W. K., [20], [202].
Bursæ, description of, [179], [180].
——Human, enumerated, [180–183].
——Experiments as to, [186–190].
Canidæ: Hair-patterns of, [98–102].
Capybara, epidermis of, [151].
Chimpanzee, papillary ridges on hand and foot of, [164], [167], [168], [176].
——Bursæ of, [184], [185].
Clark, Sir Andrew, [30].
Cold and warmth sensations of human skin, [220–230].
Coote, Captain, [194].
Correlation, [28].
Correns, [11].
Cow, hair and habits of, [87–91].
——Fly-shaker muscles of, [90], [211], [212].
Crime, detection of a, [5].
Cunningham, J. T., [21].
Darwin, [1], [2], [15], [35], [39], [40], [139], [145], [147], [239].
——“Origin of Species,” [2], [8].
——“Descent of Man,” [2].
——Three Blows to, [9].
——On human eyebrows, [64], [65].
Darwin, Sir Francis, [20], [21].
——On Mnemonic theory of Heredity, [20].
Darwinism, [9], [15], [25], [145].
Dendy, Professor. “Outlines of Evolutionary Biology,” [21].
de Vries, [11], [24], [27], [145], [190].
Dog: Arrangement of hair of, [27], [28], [34], [100–102].
——Habits of, [98], [99].
Dyer, Professor Thiselton, [210].
Earth Wolf, epidermis of, [150].
Echidna, epidermis of, [151].
Elliott, Professor Scott, [98], [126].
——“Prehistoric Man and his Story,” [43], [47], [226].
Environments, Discontinuous, [31–33].
Epidermis: Varieties of, found in mammals, [145].
——Stimuli and response, [145–153].
Eyebrows, hairs of human, [64–73].
——Interpreted by wrinkles, [67].
Facilitation, [240], [246–248].
Felidæ: Hair-patterns of, [92–97].
——Snout of, [94].
Flexures of hand and foot, description of, [170–172].
——Chief types of, [172].
——Meaning of, [173–177].
Foot of Man, [155], [156].
——Papillary ridges on, [159], [160].
——Flexures of, [176], [177].
Foot of Man, Plantar arch of, [192–194].
——Muscles of, [214–217].
Forearm, arrangement of hair on, [41].
Galton, [157]; On chiromantic creases, [170].
Galvani, [126].
Geikie, Sir Archibald, [3].
Genealogy, [4].
Germinal Selection, [19], [20].
Gibbon, flexures of foot of, [176].
——Bursæ of, [185].
Gibbon, Hainan, papillary ridges on hand and foot of, [164], [165].
Giraffe: Habits of, [115].
——Hair-patterns of, [117].
Gorilla, papillary ridges on hand and foot of, [164].
Haeckel: Pithecoid Ancestors of Man, [1].
Hair-direction, causation of, [140–144].
——Summary of conclusions with regard to, [141].
——Phenomena of, [37], [38].
——Experimental Inquiry into, [125], [126].
——Steps of Inquiry into, [40], [124], [125].
Hair-pattern, Dynamics of, [44], [45], [46], [50].
Hand of Man, [155], [156].
——Papillary ridges on, [157–159].
——Flexures of, [176], [177].
——Muscles of, [214–217].
Harris, Dr. H. Wilder, [147], [154].
Harris, Mrs. Wilder. See [Whipple], Miss Inez.
Hartmann, [213].
Hedgehog, epidermis of, [152].
——Papillary ridges on hand and foot of, [162], [163], [166].
——Flexures on hand and foot of, [173].
Hepburn, Dr., [148], [159], [162].
Heredity, Mnemonic theory of, [20].
Herschel, Sir John, [126].
Hill, Professor Leonard, [224].
Historian a biologist, [2].
Horse: Arrangement of hair on side of neck of, [51–63].
——Habits of, [75].
——Hair-patterns of, [75–82].
——Compared with Zebra, [83–85].
——Effect of harness upon hair of, [126–136].
——Fly-shaker muscles of, [211].
Howes, G. B., [12].
Hutchinson, Professor Jonathan, [188].
Hutton, [3].
Huxley, [5], [8], [126], [192], [200], [217].
Insectivores, [237], [238].
Jackson, Hughlings, [241].
Jevons, [124], [125], [126], [140].
Johnston, Sir H. H., [96], [201].
Jones, Professor Wood, [230].
——“Arboreal Man,” [195], [245], [248].
Kammerer, [21].
Keith, Professor, [112], [188], [189], [190], [195], [196], [208], [215], [216], [217].
——On functions of platysma, [113].
Kerr, Professor Graham, [224].
——On Embryology, [246], [247].
Kiang (Thibetan Wild Ass): Hair-patterns of, [119].
Kinkajou, epidermis of, [153].
Kropotkin, Prince, [21].
Lamarck, [13], [21], [22], [33], [35], [145], [147], [247], [255].
Lamarckian hypothesis of organic evolution, [19], [20], [22], [24], [25], [26], [28], [30], [31], [138], [205].
Lankester, Sir E. Ray, [20], [23], [45], [141], [190], [204].
Lemur: Arrangement of hair on forearm of, [43].
——Hair-pattern of, [46].
——Papillary ridges on foot of, [161], [162], [164], [165].
——Black-headed, epidermis of, [153].
——Ring-tailed, epidermis of, [153].
——Flexures of foot of, [176].
Lion: Hair-patterns of, [92–97], [207].
Livingstone, [92].
Llama: Hair-patterns of, [119], [120].
Loris, Slow: epidermis of, [154], [155].
——Papillary ridges on foot of, [161], [166].
Lydekker, [86], [92], [94], [115], [118], [119], [168], [195].
Lyell, [3], [178], [192].
——“Principles of Geology,” [3], [46].
Macacus, flexures of hand and foot of, [176].
Macalister, [215], [217].
McBride, Professor, [21].
Macdonald, Professor, [190], [244], [245], [247].
McDougall, Professor: On Physiological Psychology, [24], [25], [225], [253].
MacEwen, Sir W., [188].
McTaggart, Dr., [142].
Malthus, [2], [15].
Malus, [126].
Mammals, palms and soles of, [150–153].
Man: hair and habits of, [103].
——Arrangement of hair on back of, [104].
——Passive habits of, [106], [107].
——Arrangement of hair on chest of, [108], [109].
——Palm and sole of, [155], [156].
——Papillary ridges on hand of, [157–159].
——Papillary ridges on foot of, [159], [160].
——Flexures of palm and sole of, [176], [177].
——Plantar arch of, [192–194].
——Muscles of hand and foot of, [214–217].
——Changes in habits of, [234], [235].
Marmoset, Papillary ridges on foot of, [161].
Mendel, [11], [15], [26], [145], [190].
Mercier, Dr.: On Causation, [141], [142].
Mill, John Stuart, [141], [142].
Mole, epidermis of, [150].
Monkey, papillary ridges on hand and foot of, [164].
Mule: Hair-patterns of, [82].
Murphy, Dr. John B., [189].
Muscles: Anatomists’ views of, [201], [202].
——Initiative in, [202], [203].
——New, [205].
——Unstriped, [205], [206].
——Facial, of expression, [207–209].
——Fly-shaker, [210–212].
——Skeletal, [212], [213].
——Skeletal, of Primates, [213], [214].
Neural phenomena, [239].
Nervous System: Some aspects of the, [223–225].
——Place of the, in Evolution, [238], [239].
——Raw materials of the, [240], [241].
——Integration of raw materials of the, [241], [242].
Oken, [126].
Ollier, [188].
Onager, Hair-patterns of, [82].
Opossum, American, epidermis of, [151].
——Azara’s, epidermis of, [153].
Orang, papillary ridges on hand and foot of, [164].
——Bursæ of, [185].
Organic Evolution, consideration of problems of, [24–28].
——Factors in, [27].
——Cross-roads in, [203–205].
Owen, Richard, [10].
Oxen: Hair-patterns of, [87–91].
Palm, skin of, [147–156].
——of Man, [155–156].
Papillary ridges, some undersigned experiments in, [166–169].
Paterson, Dr. C., [188].
Pearson, Professor Karl, [34], [141], [142].
Phalanger, epidermis of, [152].
Pitt, Miss Frances, [94], [95], [251].
Plantar arch, of man, [192–194].
——How it was built, [194], [195].
——Equipment of, [196], [197].
——Description of, [197–199].
Plasto-diēthēsis, [34], [145], [195].
Platysma, Struggles of the, [111–114].
Playfair, [3].
Pocock, Roger, [75].
Poincaré, Henri, [157].
——Principles of method, [36].
Porcupine, Canadian Tree, epidermis of, [151], [153].
Poulton, Professor: “Essays on Evolution,” [86].
Prescott’s “Conquest of Peru,” [120].
Pressure, Examples of the effects of, upon hair-direction, [127–136].
Primates, epidermis of, [153].
Rabbit, epidermis of, [151].
Records, Interpretation of, [110].
Reflex arches, formation of, [231].
——Some historical illustrations of, [231–234].
——Of Insects, [236], [237].
——Of Mollusca, [236], [237].
——Of Birds, [236], [237].
——Evidence of production of new, [242–246].
Reflexes: Stimuli of, [249–256].
——Scratch, of the dog, [249].
——Purposes of, [250–253].
——Scratch, of the cat, [253].
Rivers, Sources of, [4].
Romanes: 19, [39], [40], [145].
——On Weismann, [17], [18].
Roux, [19], [145].
Russell, The Hon. Bertrand, [142].
Russell, E. S. On Lamarck’s theory, [20].
Saint-Hilaire, Geoffrey, [10].
Sapajou, Brown, papillary ridges on hand and foot of, [165].
Schafer’s “Text Book of Physiology,” [219], [220], [226].
Scratch reflex; of the dog, [249].
——Of the cat, [253].
Selous, [92], [115], [118].
Sherrington, Professor, [218], [226], [229], [238], [244], [245], [249], [250], [251], [253], [254].
Skin, Human: Distribution of Touch Corpuscles, [219].
——Distribution of Touch Spots, [219].
——Distribution of Cold and Warmth Sensations, [220].
——Distribution of Cold and Warmth Spots, [220], [221].
——Stimuli of pressure, [222], [226–230].
——Stimuli of cold, [226–230].
——Stimuli of pain, [226–230].
——Stimuli of warmth, [226–230].
Sloth, Two-toed (Cholæpus didactylus): Hair-patterns of, [122], [123].
Smith, Dr. E. Barclay, [201], [216].
Sole, skin of, [147–156].
——Of Man, [155], [156].
Spencer, Herbert, [28], [177].
Squirrel, epidermis of, [152].
——Papillary ridges on hand and foot of, [162], [166].
——Flexures of hand and foot of, [175].
Squirrel-monkey, papillary ridges on foot of, [161].
——Flexures of foot of, [176].
Starling, Professor, [227], [244].
——On Facilitation, [240], [246].
Still-born children, subcutaneous bursæ of two, [183], [184].
Stimuli, [30], [31].
——Of touch, [219], [226–230].
——Of cold, [220], [226–230].
——Of warmth, [220], [226–230].
——Of pressure, [222], [226–230].
Stout, Professor, [252].
Summary of conclusions arrived at, [257], [258].
Thomson, Professor J. Arthur, [20], [22], [23], [24], [25], [28], [29], [34].
——On Heredity, [22].
Touch Corpuscles, [219], [227], [228].
Touch spots, [219], [225], [227], [228].
Tschermak, [11].
Ungulates, even-toed, [86–91].
——odd-toed, [74–85].
Vernon, Dr.: “Variations in Animals and Plants,” [28].
Vulpine phalanger, flexures of foot of, [173], [175].
Wallace, Professor, [2], [39], [40], [46], [145].
Weber’s Law, [222].
Weismann, [9], [11], [14], [16], [17], [18], [21], [22], [24], [25], [26], [86], [139], [177], [210], [245], [255].
——Twelve points, [15], [16].
Weismannism, [17], [18], [19], [26], [145].
Welton, Mr., [142].
Whipple, Miss Inez (Mrs. Wilder Harris), [154], [162].
——Criticism of “The Direction of Hair in Animals and Man,” [137–139].
Wolff, [189]: “Law of Bone Transformation,” [205].
Young, Arthur, [143].
Zebra: Comparisons between horse and, [83], [84].