A Reply to Dr. Lightfoot's Essays, by the Author of "Supernatural religion"

by Walter Richard Cassels

INDEX.

Acts of the Apostles, evidence for, 142 f., 164
Addai, Doctrine of, 147
Ammonius, Diatessaron of, 148
Anger, 5
Antioch, earthquake at, in A.D. 115, 107 f.
Aphthonius; see Elias of Salamia
Apocalypse, allusion to Paul in, 26, n. 2; language of, 27 ff.
Apollinaris, Claudius; date, 137; evidence for Gospels, 137
Aristion, 55
Ascension, evidence for, 165
Aubertin, 65, 66
Aucher, 145

Baronius, 112 n. 3
Bar-Salibi, Dionysius, 147 f.
Basnage, 65, 66
Baumgarten-Crusius, 70, 72
Baur, does not allude to Armenian version of Ignatian Epistles, 79;
date of martyrdom of Ignatius, 89 f.; place of his martyrdom, 95 ff.;
on Peregrinus Proteus, 102
Beausobre, 70, 71
Bleek, 7, 32, 60, 62, 68, 74, 80, 90, 93
Blondel, 65, 66
Bochart, 65, 66
Böhringer, 59, 62, 63, 80
Bunsen, 32, 62, 63, 79

Calvin, 64
Campianus, 64
Casaubon, 65, 67
Celsus, Origen on, 10 ff., 146
Centuriators, Magdeburg, 64
Chemnitz, 62, 64, 65
Christianity, claim to be Divine Revelation, not original, 166 f.;
history and achievements opposed to this claim, 167 f.;
census of religions, 168 n. 1; transformation of, 169 f.
Chrysostom, 108, 110, 111 f.
Ciasca, alleged Arabic version of Tatian's Diatessaron, 145, 150 f.
Clement of Alexandria, on Basilides, 18 f.
Cleophas, 52
Cook, 65, 66
Criticism, attitude towards, 1
Cureton, 62, 63, 65, 68 ff., 79, 83 f.
Curetonian version of Ignatian Epistles, 59 ff., 67 ff., 74 ff., 80 f.

Dallaeus, 62
Davidson, Dr., on passage of Irenaeus, 6; date of martyrdom of
Ignatius, 91; place of the martyrdom, 96
Delitzsch, 30, 31, 32
Denzinger, 78, 79, 80 n. 2, 103 n. 1
Diatessaron of Ammonius, 148 ff., 152 ff.
Diatessaron of Elias of Salamia, 148 ff.
Diatessaron of Tatian, 145 ff.; alleged Armenian version of Ephraem's
commentary on it, 145 f.; Latin translation by Aucher and
Moesinger, 145 f.; Arabic version of, translated by Ciasca, 145 f.;
Eusebius on it, 146 f.; did Eusebius directly know it? 146 f.;
Bar-Salibi on it, 147 f.; Theodoret suppresses it, 149 f.; the
genealogies of Jesus said to be excised, 149 f.; not all suppressed
in Armenian and Arabic works, 150; called 'Gospel according to the
Hebrews,' 150; Epiphanius had not seen it, 150; we could not identify
it, 150; Arabic version of Ciasca, 150 f.; said to be translated
from Syriac, 151; its date, 151; ascribed in notes to Tatian, 151;
original language of Tatian's Diatessaron, 151 f.; Gospel texts
in alleged versions affected by repeated translation, 151 f.; name of
Tatian not on original work, 152; could it be identified? 152 ff.;
case of Victor of Capua, 152 ff.; was he mistaken? 153 f.; Dr. Wace
says: No, 153; value of evidence if alleged versions be genuine, 154
Dionysius of Corinth, 56
Doctrine of Addai, 147
Donaldson, Dr., on Epistle of Polycarp, 21; on Tatian's Diatessaron, 150
Dorner, 4
Dressel, 79

Ebrard, 7
Elias of Salamia, his Diatessaron, 147 f.; he finds fault with Canons
of Eusebius, 148
Ephraem Syrus, his Commentary on Tatian's Diatessaron, 147 f.;
date, 148; alleged Armenian version of his Commentary, 145; date
of the MS., 150; translated from Syriac, 150; evidence, 150 f.;
Tatian's name not mentioned, 150; value as evidence if genuine, 154
Epiphanius, 150
Eusebius, on Papias, 7; silence of, 45 f.; my only inference from silence
of, 50 f.; procedure of, 50 f.; his references to Hegesippus, 52 ff.;
his references to John, 53 ff.; on Claudius Apollinaris, 137;
on Polycrates of Ephesus, 137; on Tatian's Diatessaron, 146 f.;
on Diatessaron of Ammonius, 148 f.; his Epistle to Carpianus,
148 f., 152
Ewald, 32, 33, 62, 63, 79, 141

Farrar, Dr., 34
Francke, 97

Gfrörer, 7, 75
Glaucias, 15, 18, 19,
Gobarus, Stephanus, 23
Godet, 32
Gospel, the Fourth, contrast with Synoptics, 26 f., 26 n. 2;
Hebraic character of its language, 27 ff.;
Eusebius regarding it, 49, 51, 53 f., 55 ff.;
evidence to it of Martyrdom of Polycarp, 135;
alleged evidence of Claudius Apollinaris, 137;
alleged evidence of Polycrates 137;
supposed reference to it in Epistle of Vienne and Lyons, 144;
Tatian's Diatessaron said to begin with it, 147 f.;
insufficiency of evidence for it, 162 ff.;
its contents cannot be reconciled with Synoptics, 163 f.
Gospels, Justin's use of, 24 f.; evidence of alleged quotations, 24 f.;
object in examining evidence for, 37 ff., 41 ff.; numerous Gospels
circulating in early Church, 131 f.; anonymous quotations not
necessarily from canonical, 131 ff.; illustrations of this, 132 ff.;
evidence of Martyrdom of Polycarp, 135; evidence of Melito of
Sardis, 135 f.; evidence of Claudius Apollinaris, 137; evidence of
Epistle of Vienne and Lyons, 141 ff.; principles on which evidence
is examined, 162; insufficiency of evidence for, 162 ff.
Greet, Hofstede de, 5, 9 n. 2
Grove, 34
Guericke, 7, 90 f., 93

Hadrian, 12
Hagenbach, 91, 93
Harless, 75
Hase, 76
Hebrews, Gospel according to the, 122 f., 123, 150
Hefele, 80
Hegesippus, his attitude to Paul, 23; references to him by Eusebius,
52 ff.; on Simeon, 52
Hemphill, Professor, did Eusebius directly know Tatian's Diatessaron?
146 f.; on Arabic Diatessaron, 149; it takes Matthew as basis, 149;
its substantial identity with Victor's Diatessaron, 153
Hengstenberg, 31
Hilgenfeld, on passage of Irenaeus, 5 f.; on Ignatian Epistles, 78, 79;
place and date of martyrdom of Ignatius, 97 ff.; on Papias and
Matthew's Hebrew "Oracles," 122; Protevangelium Jacobi, 142;
Eusebius on Tatian's Diatessaron, 146 f.
Hippolytus, 17 f.
Holtzmann, 135, 147
Hug, 32
Humfrey, 66

Ignatius, Epistle of Polycarp regarding him, 20 ff.; date and place of
his martyrdom, 87, 94 ff.; his alleged martyr-journey, 94 ff.;
his treatment during it, 99 f.; compared with Paul's journey, 100 f.;
compared with case of Peregrinus, 101 ff.; reasons opposed to
martyr-journey to Rome, and for martyrdom in Antioch, 104 ff.;
remains of Ignatius, 111 ff.; martyrologies, 112 f.
Ignatian Epistles, Dr. Lightfoot on, 57 ff.; critics on priority of
Syriac version, 59 ff., long recension, 64 ff.; Vossian Epistles,
67 ff.; version of Ussher, 67; Armenian version, 78 ff.; Eusebian
Epistles, 80 ff.; their order in MSS., 82 ff.; their value as
evidence, 113 f.
Irenaeus, 3 ff.

Jacobson, 65
Jerome, 110 f.
John, references of Eusebius, 53 ff.; Papias and Presbyters on, 55 f.;
double use of name, 55 f.
Justin Martyr, his quotations, 28 ff.

Keim, 135
Kestner, 70, 71
Kirchhofer, 7

Lange, 32
Lardner, 70, 136
Lechler, 76 f.
Lightfoot, 32, 33
Lightfoot, Dr., objectionable style of criticism, 1 f., 3, 7 f.,
13 n. 1, 14 f., 15 n. 1, 20, 21, 23 f., 24 n. 5, 25 f., 27, 30 f.,
36, 44 f., 46 f., 57 ff., 68 ff.; 73 ff., 144; on a passage of
Irenaeus, 3 ff.; discussion of date of Celsus, 9 ff.; Dr. Westcott
on Basilides, 15 ff.; weightier arguments of apologists, 20 ff.;
on Epistle of Polycarp, 20 f., object of Papias' work, 22; on
Hegesippus and Apostle Paul, 22 f.; on Justin Martyr's quotations,
23 ff.; on duration of ministry of Jesus, 26 f.; on Hebraic character
of language of the Fourth Gospel, 27 ff.; identification of Sychar,
30 ff.; on argument of S.R., 36 ff.; on silence of Eusebius, 45 ff.;
the intention of Eusebius, 44 f.; procedure of Eusebius, 50 f.;
silence of Eusebius as evidence for Fourth Gospel, 56 f.; on
Ignatian Epistles, 57 ff.; on view of Lipsius, 60 f.; misstatements
regarding references in S.R., 61 ff.; differentiation of Ignatian
Epistles, 80 ff.; their position in MSS., 82 ff.; on martyr-journey
and treatment of Ignatius, 99 f.; compared with Apostle Paul's,
100 f.; compared with case of Peregrinus Proteus, 101 ff.; on
John Malalas, 108 ff.; on Polycarp of Smyrna, 115 f.; date of his
Epistle, 115; does not examine alleged quotations of Gospels, 116;
on Papias of Hierapolis, 117 ff.; Papias on Mark, 117 f.; Papias on
Matthew, 119 ff.; on accuracy of Papias, 120 ff.; translation of
Hebrew Oracles of Matthew, 121 f.; on Gospel according to the
Hebrews, 122 f.; on nature of Oracles of Matthew, 124 ff.; can
Oracles include narrative? 125 f.; his misapprehension of argument
of S.R., 129 ff.; on Martyrdom of Polycarp, 135; on Melito of
Sardis, 135 f.; erroneous quotation from S.R., 136, n. 2; on
Claudius Apollinaris, 137 f.; on Polycrates of Ephesus, 137; on
Epistle of Vienne and Lyons, 139 ff.; on the "testimony of Zacharias,"
140 ff.; alleged reference to Acts, 142 f.; alleged reference
to Fourth Gospel, 144; Tatian's Diatessaron, 145 f.; on Eusebius's
mention of it, 146 f.; did he directly know it? 146; on Doctrine
of Addai, 147; it mentions Tatian's Diatessaron, 147; Dionysius
Bar-Salibi on Tatian's Diatessaron, 147 f.; on Diatessaron of
Ammonius, 148; quite different from Tatian's work, 148 f.;
similarity to Arabic version asserted by Hemphill, 149; case of
Victor of Capua, 152 f.; Victor must have been mistaken, 153 f.;
Victor not mistaken after all, 153; on Letter of the Smyrnaens,
154 ff.; a short way with its miraculous elements, 154 f.;
practically justifies procedure of "Supernatural Religion," 156
Lipsius, on Ignatian Epistles, 60 f., 63, 78, 79; on Martyrdom of
Polycarp, 135
Logia, meaning of, in N.T., 124 ff.
Logos doctrine in Apocalypse, 30 n. 1
Lucian, 12, 101 f.
Luke, Gospel according to, supposed reference to it in Epistle of Vienne
and Lyons, 141 f.; its use in Diatessaron, 149, 153
Luthardt, on passage of Irenaeus, 6; on Basilides, 18; on language of
Fourth Gospel and Apocalypse, 28 ff.

Magdeburg Centuriators, 64
Malalas, John, on martyrdom of Ignatius, 108 ff.
Marcus Aurelius, 105 f.
Mark, Presbyters and Papias on, 117 f.; not eye-witness but interpreter
of Peter, 118 f.; value of his Gospel as evidence, 118 f.; use in
Diatessaron, 149
Matthew, Presbyters and Papias on, 55 f., 119 ff.; wrote oracles in
Hebrew, 119 ff.; when translated, 121 ff.; use in Diatessaron
of Ammonius, 148; also in that of Tatian, 149 f.
Matthias, 16, 18
Mayerhoff, 91, 93
Melito of Sardis, 135 f.
Merx, 78, 79
Meyer, on passage of Irenaeus, 5, 82
Mill, on miracles, 36 ff.
Milman, 59, 62, 63, 105 n. 1, 107 f.
Moesinger, Ephraem's Commentary, 145 f., 150
Mozley, on belief, 35 f.

Neander, 70, 71 f., 105 f.
Neubauer, 30, 34
Nicephorus, 111 n. 1

Olshausen, 7, 32
"Oracles," meaning of, 124 ff.
Origen, on Celsus, 10 f.

Papias of Hierapolis, alleged quotations from him, 3 ff.; object of his work, 22; references of Eusebius to him, 54 ff.; words of the Presbyters, 55 f.; double reference to "John," 55 f.; he had nothing to tell of Fourth Gospel, 55 ff.; on Mark's Gospel, 117 ff.; on Matthew's Hebrew Oracles, 119 f.; value of his evidence for the Gospels, 127 f. Parker, 65, 66 Paul, Apostle, his treatment as prisoner compared to that of Ignatius, 100 f.; unconscious testimony regarding the supernatural, 165; his testimony for Resurrection and Ascension, 165 f. Pearson, 67 Peregrinus Proteus, 102 ff. Perpetua, Saturus and, 100 Petau, 65, 67 Petermann, 78 ff. Phillips, 147 Polycarp of Smyrna, 115 f.; date of martyrdom, 115 Polycarp, Martyrdom of, 135, 154 ff.; Dr. Lightfoot's short way with the miraculous elements, 154 f. Polycrates of Ephesus, date, 137; evidence for Fourth Gospel, 137 Pressensé, de, 60 Protevangelium Jacobi, 142 Quadratus, Statius, date of proconsulship, 115

"Religion, Supernatural," argument of, 36 ff., 40 ff., 129 ff.; canons
of criticism, 130 ff.; the "testimony of Zacharias," Epistle of
Vienne and Lyons, 140 ff.; was Eusebius directly acquainted with
Tatian's Diatessaron? 146 f.; argument of S.R. practically
justified by Dr. Lightfoot, 154 ff.; conclusions of, 157 ff.;
evidence of Divine Revelation which is necessary, 157; miracles
as evidence destroyed by doubtful source, 157 f.; miraculous evidence
not original, 158 f., stream of miraculous pretension, 158; true
character of miracles betrayed, 158 f.; origin of belief in
supernatural interference, 159; assumptions to justify miracles,
159 f.; an Infinite Personal God, 159 f.; Divine design of
Revelation, 160; miracles antecedently incredible, 160 f.;
evidence for the Christian miracles, 161 f.; principles upon which
evidence examined, 162; evidence for Gospels, 162 f.; evidence for
Acts, 164; the remaining books of New Testament, 164 f.; evidence
of Paul, 165; evidence for Resurrection and Ascension, 165 f.;
results tested by general considerations, 166 ff.; claim of
Christianity to be Divinely revealed not original, 166 f.;
history and achievements of Christianity opposed to it, 167 f.;
census of religions, 168 n. 1; how far the Great Teacher was
misunderstood, 168 f.; transformation of Christianity, 169 f.;
alleged objections to disturbing belief, 169 f.; objections not
valid, 170 f.; argument that Divine Revelation is necessary to
man, 172 f.; we gain more than we lose by finding our theology
to be mere human inventions, 173 f.
Resurrection, evidence for, 165 f.
Reuss, 147
Riggenbach, on passage of Irenaeus, 5; on Sychar, 32
Ritschl, 62, 63
Rivet, 64, 65, 67
Routh, on passage of Irenaeus, 4
Ruinart, anniversary of Ignatius, 112
Rumpf, 60

Sanday, 33
Saumaise, 65, 66
Schleimann, 75 f.
Scholten, 11 n. 2, 80, 91 f., 96 f., 147
Schroeckh, 70, 71
Schürer, 135
Shechem, 30 ff.
Simeon, 52, 105 f.
Smyrnaens, Letter of, 154 ff.; Dr. Lightfoot as a sceptical critic, 154 f.
Socinus, 65
Stephen, 142 f.
Sychar, 30 ff.
Synoptics, contrasted with Fourth Gospel, 26 f.

Tatian's Diatessaron: see Diatessaron Theodoret, the Ignatian Epistles, 81 Thiersch, 7, 70 Tholuck, 7 Tischendorf, on passage of Irenaeus, 3 ff.; passage of Celsus, 11 ff.; does not notice Armenian version of Ignatian Epistles, 80; "testimony of Zacharias," in Epistle of Vienne and Lyons, 142; it is a reference to the Protevangelium Jacobi, 142 Trajan, in connection with the martyrdom of Ignatius, 89 ff., 105 ff. Tregelles, 60, 82 f.

Uhlhorn, 78, 79
Ussher, 67

Vienne and Lyons, Epistle of, 139 ff.; date, 139; the "testimony of
Zacharias," 140 f.; alleged quotations of Acts, 142 ff.; value of
evidence, 143; Dr. Lightfoot on fragrance of the martyrs, 155
Volkmar, on Celsus, 10 ff.; on Ignatian Epistles, 60; does not notice
Armenian version, 80; date of martyrdom of Ignatius, 92 f.; place
of martyrdom, 94 ff.
Vossian Epistles of Ignatius, 67 f.

Wace, Dr., 153 Waddington, 115 Weiss, 62, 63, 78, 79 Weissmann, 69 f. Westcott, Dr., criticisms on, 3 f.; on Papias, 4; on Basilides, 15 ff.; on Justin Martyr's quotations, 23 ff.; on "Supernatural Religion," 44 f.; misstatements regarding notes, 85 ff.; was Eusebius directly acquainted with Tatian's Diatessaron? 147 Wette, de, 7, 15 n. 1, 32 Wieseler, 31, 32 Wotton, 68, 69

Zacharias, the testimony of, Epistle of Vienne and Lyons, 140 ff.
Zahn, on passage of Irenaeus, 6; on Ignatian Epistles, 78, 79, 99 n. 1,
101; on John Malalas, 110, date of martyrdom of Ignatius, 112;
did Eusebius directly know Tatian's Diatessaron? 147; passages
regarding descent of Jesus from David not all excised from alleged
Armenian version, 150
Zeller, on passage of Irenaeus, 5