APPENDIX IV
The following diagrams serve to show the position of the tongue in the formation of some of the vowels.
Observe the different shapes of the mouth passage through which the breath passes.
(These diagrams were originally prepared by Dr. R. J. Lloyd.)
marine (i)
rEin (e)
thEre (ɛ)
pAt (a)
This diagram represents the vowel [a]. In northern English it is found in words like pat; in southern English it is the first part of the diphthong in house [haus], bite [bait].]
brUte (u)
nOte (o)
All (ɔ)
fAther (ɑ)
The following diagrams are the result of experiments with an artificial palate, covered with fine powder. When certain sounds are uttered, the tongue touches the palate and some of the powder is removed. What is black in the diagrams indicates those parts of the hard palate which are touched by the tongue.
These diagrams show where the tongue touches the palate in the production of [ʃ] and respectively.]
English word toe French word tôt (to)
These diagrams are by Mr Dumville, and are taken from his Elements of French Pronunciation and Diction. They illustrate the manner of production of the English and the French [t]. It will be noticed that in the case of the English sound the tongue is farther back than in the case of the French sound.]
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