The stone age in North America, vol. 2 of 2

by Warren K. Moorehead

INDEX

• Abbott, C. C., I, 34; II, [350].
• Abbott, G. B., Corning, California, II, [103].
• Acaxes, II, [348].
• Adaptation, II, [354] ff.
• Adzes, I, 254, 273 ff.;
  • conclusions, I, 322 ff.;
  • copper, II, [189].
• Adze, triangular, I, 274.
• Afton, Indian Territory (Oklahoma), I, 215.
• Agricultural implements, chapter IX, 175 ff.
• Agua Caliente, axes, I, 316.
• Alaska, woman’s knife, II, [311].
• Algonquian pottery, II, [278].
• Algonquins, II, [330].
• Allentown, Pennsylvania, I, 35;
  • knives, I, 86.
• Altar mounds, containing finer specimens, II, [63];
  • hematites, II, [295].
• American Museum of Natural History, New York, I, 427; II, [302].
• Amulets in Eastern Canada, II, [332].
• Analyses of specimens, II, [353].
• Ancient vs. modern art, II, [355].
• Anderson, Clifford, II, [250].
• Animal effigies, II, [20].
• Antiquity of pottery-making, II, [294].
• Antler in Dakota, II, [340].
• Antler-tips, as arrow-points, II, [134].
• Apaches, II, [354].
• Appalachian pottery, II, [278].
• “Archæologia Nova Cæsarea,” II, [350].
• Archæological map of Ohio, II, [348].
• Arizona, chipped implements, I, 244;
  • rings, I, 442.
• Arkansas, chipped implements, I, 238;
  • engraved disc, I, 452.
• Armlets, II, [335].
• Army and Medical Museum, Washington, D. C., I, 121.
• Arnold, B. W., Albany, New York, II, [311].
• Arrow-heads in eastern Canada, II, [331];
  • Canadian Plains, II, [334];
  • Utah, II, [338];
  • Dakota, II, [341].
• Arrow-point, analyzed, I, 100.
• Arrow-points embedded in bone, I, 108.
• Arrow-points, manufacture, I, 58.
• Arrow-points, “rotary,” I, 68.
• Arrow-shaft reducers, II, [134].
• Arrow-wounds, I, 112.
• Art at its best before European contact, II, [67].
• Art in flint-chipping, I, 135.
• Artifacts, number available for study, I, 10.
• Ash-pits as preservatives, II, [136].
• Atlantic Coast, shells, II, [118], [120].
• Atlatls, Utah, II, [336].
• Awls of bone, II, [134];
  • in eastern Canada, II, [330].
• Axes, I, 186 ff.;
  • cached, I, 221;
  • manufacture, I, 226 ff.;
  • conclusions, I, 322 ff.;
  • copper, II, [180].
• Bainbridge, Ohio, large blade, I, 233.
• Banded slate, material for problematical forms, I, 343.
• Bangles of copper, II, [225].
• “Banner” stones, I, 346;
  • of copper, II, [224];
  • in eastern Canada, II, [332].
• Bar-amulets, I, 402.
• Barbed axes, I, 312.
• Bark, Dakota, II, [339].
• Barnard, W. C., I, 43.
• Barr, James A., I, 154.
• Barrett, Professor S. A., pipes, II, [88];
  • Cayapa Indians, II, [363].
• Basalt, II, [111].
• Baskets, II, [235].
• Batrachians, represented in pottery, II, [287].
• Bay-bah-dwung-gay-aush (“Daydodge”), II, [356].
• “Bayonet-backed spear-points,” of copper, II, [210].
• Beads, I, 355, 453;
  • of shell, II, [118];
  • of bone, II, [134];
  • of copper, II, [224];
  • of glass, II, [227].
• Beasley, B., Montgomery, Alabama, II, [121].
• Beauchamp, Dr. Wm., I, 260, 380; II, [14].
• Bell-shaped pestles, II, [102].
• Benedict, F. M., II, [202].
• Beveled points, of copper, II, [202].
• Bicaves, I, 443 ff.; II, [350].
• Bird, much in evidence in prehistoric sculpture, II, [80];
  • pottery, II, [287].
• Bird-stones in eastern Canada, II, [332].
• Bird-stones, II, [4] ff.;
  • unfinished, II, [8].
• Black Hills, II, [362].
• Bludgeon, of copper, II, [224].
• Bluffs, worked into mortars, II, [102].
• Boas, Professor Franz, II, [363].
• Boat-shaped objects, I, 341, 402.
• Bone, in general, II, [134] ff.;
  • as material for ornaments, I, 358.
• Borers, in eastern Canada, II, [331].
• Boulders, as mortars, II, [102].
• Boulder ruin culture, II, [362].
• Bows, classified, I, 105.
• Bows and arrows, I, 100 ff.
• Bowls from tree-knots, I, 288.
• Boyle, Professor David, II, [17].
• Bracelets, I, 356;
  • of shell, II, [132];
  • of horn, II, [154].
• Bragg’s collection of pipes, II, [89].
• Braiding, methods, II, [242].
• Brewerton, New York, I, 270.
• British Museum, II, [89].
• Broken winged forms, I, 379.
• Brower, J. V., II, [153].
• Brown, C. E., Wisconsin, etc., I, 11, 180, 239, 306, 374, 386, 418; II, [115], [156], [161], [294], [304].
• Buffalo, classification of uses, I, 207;
  • extermination, I, 208–209;
  • bones, II, [150].
• Buffalo hides, preparation, I, 208.
• Bull-roarers, I, 416.
• Burial of problematical forms, I, 347.
• Busycon shells, II, [122].
• “Butterfly” stones, I, 341.
• Cabeza de Vaca, I, 92.
• Caches, flakes, etc., I, 57, 166;
  • leaf-shaped implements, I, 138;
  • flint objects, I, 216;
  • bowls, II, [112].
• California, quarries, I, 35;
  • obsidian blades, I, 232;
  • rings, I, 442;
  • pestles, II, [103].
• Calumet pipe, II, [41].
• Canada, northeastern, celts, adzes, and gouges, I, 273;
  • harpoons, II, [137].
• Canadian culture areas, II, [363].
• Cannel-coal, gorget, I, 373.
• Cannibals, II, [348].
• Canoes, manufacture, I, 280.
• Carolina, ear-bobs, I, 356;
  • shells, II, [122].
• Carr, A. B., Etna Mills, II, [308].
• Carr, Lucien, I, 350.
• Carvings on pipes, II, [48].
• Catlin, collection of Indian portraits, I, 52.
• Catlinite, II, [41];
  • a comparatively recent mineral, II, [51].
• Catlinite quarries, II, [42].
• Caves, of Kentucky and the Ozarks, II, [235].
• Cave-Dweller culture, II, [362].
• Cayapa Indians, II, [363].
• Celts, I, 186 ff.;
  • (ground), I, 252 ff.;
  • conclusions, I, 322 ff.;
  • of bone, II, [134].
• Celts in eastern Canada, II, [331].
• Cemeteries, Tennessee, I, 164.
• Central America, metates, II, [116].
• Central and western Pennsylvania culture-group, II, [359].
• “Ceremonials,” I, 346.
• Ceremonial pipes, II, [57].
• “Ceremonial swords,” I, 162.
• Chaco Group, II, [133].
• Chamberlin, T. C., I, 34.
• Champlain, Lake, I, 236.
• Chandler, G. P., Knoxville, Tennessee, I, 455.
• Charleston, S. C., Museum, I, 10.
• “Charms,” I, 346.
• Chattanooga, Tennessee, discoidals, I, 451.
• Chesapeake region, chipped implements, I, 236.
• Chipped implements, Sellars’s remarks, I, 48 ff.;
  • types: knives, chapter V, p. 80 ff.;
  • projectile points, chapter VI, p. 99 ff.;
  • chapter VII, p. 127 ff.;
  • unusual forms, chapter VIII, p. 154 ff.;
  • conclusions, I, 232 ff.
• Chippewa Indians, II, [159], [167].
• Chipping-tools of bone, II, [134].
• Chisels, copper, II, [184].
• Choice of materials, I, 294 ff.
• Chunky stones, I, 444.
• Cincinnati (Ohio), Art Museum, I, 334.
• Classification, by Committee on Nomenclature, I, 23 ff.
• Classification, need of, I, 9;
  • presented, 31 ff.;
  • of pottery, II, [278];
  • of hematites, II, [301].
• Classification, plans for, I, 10 ff.
• Claws, as ornaments, I, 356.
• Cliff-Dwellers, axes, I, 312, 316;
  • mano-stones, II, [103].
• Cliff-Dweller country, pottery, II, [257].
• Cliff-Dweller culture, II, [362].
• Cliff ruins in Utah, II, [336].
• Cloth, as wrapping for copper objects, II, [234].
• Coffin-shaped gorgets, I, 341.
• Collie, Professor G. L., I, 289.
• Columbia Valley, I, 233.
• Columbia Valley culture area, II, [363].
• Conclusions of “Stone Age,” II, [344] ff.
• Conical projectile points of copper, II, [206].
• Conventional design, II, [288].
• Conventionalization, II, [288].
• Copper, discovery of, II, [168];
  • distribution of, II, [174];
  • fabrication of, II, [172] ff.;
  • in general, II, [161] ff.;
  • manufacture of, aboriginal, II, [165];
  • in eastern Canada, II, [332];
  • in Plains of Canada, II, [335];
  • in Dakota, II, [342].
• Copper-casting, not aboriginal, II, [173], [174].
• Cord for attaching ear-rings, II, [227].
• Cores (Flint Ridge, O.), Fig. 27, I, p. 33.
• Corn (maize), II, [96].
• “Corn-shellers,” II, [314].
• Cornstalk, II, [345].
• Coronado’s historian, II, [348].
• Coshocton, Ohio, I, 35.
• Crescents, I, 341, 402;
  • of copper, II, [228].
• Crosby, H. A., I, 274.
• Crosses, as decoration, I, 404;
  • on shell, II, [131].
• Crow Indians, necklaces, I, 216.
• Culture-groups, II, [357] ff.
• Cumberland Valley (Tennessee and Kentucky), II, [123];
  • pottery, II, [256].
• Cup-stones, II, [314] ff.
• Cushing, F. H., I, II;
  • “gorgets as bases,” I, 412;
  • Piney Branch, I, 39;
  • copper, II, [173].
• Cylinders of copper (beads), II, [225].
• Dakota, culture area, II, [363].
• Dakota Indians, II, [166], [167].
• Deer, II, [150].
• Degeneration, of forms, I, 32;
  • of ceremonial, II, [61].
• Delaware River, I, 35;
  • axes, I, 323;
  • copper, II, [174].
• Delaware Valley and region (culture-group), II, [359].
• Denver Museum, Colorado, II, [235].
• Digging-tools (see also Agricultural implements), of shell, II, [120].
• Discs, I, 98;
  • cached, I, 216;
  • of copper, II, [180];
  • of clay, II, [264].
• Discoidal stones, I, 443 ff.
• Discus-thrower, figure in resemblance on shell gorget, II, [125].
• Disease among aborigines, II, [346].
• Diversity of cultures as an argument for antiquity, II, [353].
• Division of labor, I, 54.
• Domestic science, II, [137].
• Dominion Museum, Toronto, Ontario, I, 334.
• Dorsey, G. A., I, 6.
• “Double-bitted” axes, I, 307.
• Douglas, A. E., I, 402.
• Dress of American Indians, I, 350.
• Drift-copper, in Wisconsin and Michigan, II, [231].
• Drills, as war-points, I, 122.
• Eastern Canada, in stone age, H. Montgomery, II, [330].
• Eastman, Dr. C. A., I, 249.
• Eddyville, Kentucky, shell gorget, II, [125].
• Etowah Group, Georgia, II, [26].
• Evolution of ornaments, I, 332.
• Extreme North, absence of pottery, II, [248].
• Folk-lore, value of, I, 6.
• Eagle, realistically treated, II, [288].
• Ear-piercing, I, 353–354.
• Ear-plugs, of copper, II, [227].
• Earrings, of copper, II, [226].
• Eastern Canada culture-group, II, [358].
• Effigies, II, [1] ff.;
  • of shell, II, [132];
  • of bone, II, [134];
  • of clay, II, [264].
• Effigy pestles, II, [114];
  • pipes, II, [57].
• Egyptian pottery, II, [278].
• Elk, II, [150].
• Ellsworth, W. H., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, I, 240.
• Eskimo harpoons, II, [137].
• Eyed projectile points of copper, II, [202].
• Feather objects in Utah, II, [337].
• Fewkes, Dr. J. W., shell effigies, II, [133].
• Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, I, 232, 334.
• Field study, II, [365] ff.
• Figured stamp, II, [286].
• Finger-rings, I, 442;
  • of shell, II, [132];
  • of copper, II, [226].
• Finishing-shops, I, 37–38.
• Fishes represented in pottery, II, [287].
• Fish-bladders as ornaments, I, 356.
• Fish-hooks, II, [134];
  • of copper, II, [222].
• Fishing by harpoons, II, [140].
• Fish-nets, II, [141].
• Five Nations, II, [330].
• Flint celts, classified, I, 191;
  • rare at Flint Ridge, Ohio, I, 196.
• Flint Ridge, Ohio, I, 35.
• Florida, chipped implements, I, 239;
  • shells, II, [122];
  • copper, II, [174].
• Fluted celts, I, 272.
• Fluted stone axes, I, 316 ff.
• Fort Ancient, Ohio, I, 373.
• Fort Ancient culture, II, [250].
• Fowke, G., I, 10;
  • on quarrying, I, 36;
  • on discoidal stones, I, 447;
  • on copper, II, [173].
• Franck, H. W., II, [360].
• Frankfort, Ohio, gorget, I, 373.
• Game-bones, as “good medicine,” I, 439.
• Georgia, chipped implements, I, 238;
  • copper, II, [174].
• Gerend, A., II, [206].
• Glacial man, I, 34.
• Gorgets, I, 341 and passim;
  • in general, I, 362 ff.;
  • remade, I, 362, 374;
  • re-perforated, I, 367;
  • on skeletons, I, 372;
  • of shell, II, [122] ff.;
  • of copper, II, [180], [227];
  • in eastern Canada, II, [331].
• Gouges, I, 254;
  • conclusions, I, 322 ff.;
  • copper, II, [188];
  • in eastern Canada, II, [331].
• Gourds, II, [238].
• Graves, occurrence of copper in, II, [233].
• Great Plains, large proportion of scrapers on, I, 205.
• Greece, pottery, II, [278].
• Greenstone, I, 300.
• Grooves, variety, I, 326.
• Grooved stone axes, I, 287 ff.;
  • classified, I, 306–307, 312.
• Ground stone, I, 251 ff.
• Gruenberg, Professor B. C., II, [367].
• Gulf of California, shells, II, [132].
• Gulf States, pottery, II, [247].
• Gums for fastening the hafting, I, 286.
• Hafting, scrapers, I, 205;
  • celts, I, 284;
  • “spuds,” I, 430;
  • bone, II, [151].
• Hair-dressing, I, 356.
• Hairpins, I, 210.
• Hamilton, H. P., I, 242; II, [161].
• Hammers, Canadian Plains, II, [333];
  • Utah, II, [338];
  • Dakota, II, [341].
• Hammer-stones, I, 36, 224 ff.;
  • types, I, 230.
• “Handbook of American Indians,” compared with “The Stone Age,” I, 1;
  • problematical forms, I, 343.
• Hand-hatchet, I, 197, 270.
• Handles, fastened with sinews and gum, I, 286;
  • of bone, II, [134].
• Harpoons, II, [134];
  • of copper, II, [214];
  • of bone in eastern Canada, II, [330].
• Hatchets, I, 252.
• Head-dresses, II, [134].
• Hematite, where found, II, [295];
  • plummets, II, [295].
• Hematite objects, cached, I, 221;
  • in general, II, [295] ff.
• Herrmann, R., Dubuque, Iowa, II, [159].
• Hiawatha traditions, II, [356].
• Hodge, F. W., I, 11.
• Hoes, of shell, II, [120].
• Holmes, W. H., I, 10, 34, 289;
  • Potomac-Chesapeake Province, I, 38;
  • Afton, Indian Territory (Oklahoma), I, 215;
  • problematical forms, I, 346;
  • quarries, II, [104];
  • shell objects, II, [124];
  • pottery, II, [247].
• Hopewell Group, cache of discs, I, 218;
  • value of beads, II, [122].
• Horses, unknown to aborigines, II, [366].
• Hostility of Indians to whites, II, [366].
• Houmas, II, [350].
• Hrdlička, Dr. A., II, [352].
• Human effigies, II, [25].
• Human features in flint, I, 162;
  • on pottery, II, [287].
• Hupa Indians, II, [69].
• Hurons, II, [330].
• Ice, celts used for chopping, I, 270.
• Illinois, chipped implements, I, 242;
  • copper, II, [174];
  • culture, II, [360].
• Impressions of fabrics, II, [235].
• Incised vs. plastic designs, II, [288].
• Indians, compared with Australians and Africans, I, 331.
• Indian Territory (Oklahoma), I, 86;
  • quarries, 135.
• Insertion, inlaying, II, [155].
• Invention of specialized tools, II, [286].
• Iowa, chipped implements, I, 242;
  • bird-stones, II, [5];
  • copper, II, [174];
  • State Museum, II, [314].
• Iron, use of, II, [344];
  • arrow-points of, used for trade, I, 52.
• Iroquoian culture-group, II, [358]–359.
• Iroquois pottery, II, [248].
• Irving, Professor J. D., II, [352].
• “Jesuit Relations,” I, 4; II, [166].
• Jesup North Pacific Expedition, I, 302.
• Jewsharp pipe, II, [32];
  • origin, II, [52], [53].
• Jones, Dr. J., I, 422.
• Kansas pottery, II, [270].
• Kansas-Iowa buffalo culture, II, [361].
• Kelley Cavern, Arkansas, II, [106], [136].
• Kentucky, types of chipped implements, I, 238;
  • copper, II, [174];
  • culture, II, [360].
• Kern, D. N., I, 38.
• Knives, of bone, in eastern Canada, II, [330];
  • chipped, passim;
  • see also, Points;
  • of copper, II, [196];
  • of stone in eastern Canada, II, [331].
• Kroeber, Professor A. L., I, 246.
• Kuehne, R., II, [196].
• L-shaped stones, I, 402.
• Labrador, material and its distribution, I, 249.
• Labrets, I, 352.
• Lacing of sandals, II, [245].
• Ladles, of bone, II, [134].
• Lagoon La Jara, California, II, [108].
• Laminæ, I, 336.
• Lansing man, II, [352].
• Lapidary, aboriginal, I, 145.
• Lawson, P. V., I, 240.
• Leather, in Dakota, II, [339].
• Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, knives, I, 86.
• Lenni-Lenape, II, [357].
• Lewis, J. B., California, I, 436; II, [106].
• Lewis, Professor T. H., II, [186].
• Linguistic stocks, II, [357].
• Little River, Tennessee, I, 35;
  • flint, I, 218.
• Living forms, influence on American art, II, [3];
  • in pottery, II, [287].
• Logan Museum, Beloit, Wisconsin, I, 241, 308; II, [161].
• Long, Major S. H., I, 50.
• “Long-bitted” axes, I, 306.
• Louisiana, chipped implements, I, 238.
• Maces, I, 422.
• Madisonville, Ohio, bone handles, I, 205;
  • pottery, II, [250].
• Mah-een-gonce, Ojibwa, I, 216.
• Malleating pottery, II, [280].
• Mallery, G., II, [1].
• Mammoth, II, [160].
• Mandans, scrapers, I, 198;
  • necklaces, I, 216;
  • bone implements, II, [150].
• Manitoba, II, [341].
• Mano-stones, II, [103].
• Marriage tokens (bird-stones), II, [16].
• Martin’s Creek, Pennsylvania, problematical forms, I, 376.
• Mason, O. T., industries, I, 16 ff.
• Mats, II, [235].
• Mauls, I, 260;
  • on Canadian Plains, II, [333].
• McCoy, Solon, Mountain Home, Idaho, II, [102].
• McGee, W J, I, 330;
  • Seris, II, [348].
• McGuire, J. D. (pipes), I, 11; II, [29];
  • nephrite axe, I, 226 ff.
• Medicine-man, “Badthing,” I, 94.
• Meredith, Rev. H. C., I, 154, 437; II, [308].
• Metates, II, [95] ff.
  • See also Mortars.
• Mexico, metates, II, [115].
• Michigan, II, [186], and passim.
  • See also under Wisconsin.
• Michigan, barbed axes, I, 312.
• Midiwewin Society, II, [356].
• Migration, I, 249.
• Mills, W. C., II, [79], [148].
• Mill-stones, II, [106].
• Milton College, II, [161].
• Milwaukee Public Museum, I, 241, 308.
• Minnesota, bird-stones, II, [5];
  • copper, II, [174].
• Mississippi, chipped implements, I, 238;
  • pottery, II, [270].
• Mississippi Valley, axes, I, 323;
  • importance of, II, [346].
• Missouri, quarries, I, 35;
  • chipped implements, I, 242;
  • pottery, II, [256];
  • hematite, II, [295];
  • culture area, hematite belt, II, [360].
• Missouri Historical Society, I, 232.
• Mitchell, S. D., II, [161].
• Mixed cultures, may be found together, II, [77].
• Moccasin Bend, Tennessee, I, 232.
• Monitor pipes, II, [33];
  • Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana, II, [40].
• Montgomery, Alabama, I, 430.
• Montgomery, Henry, II, [242];
  • reducing stone, II, [313];
  • eastern Canada, Utah, and Dakota, II, [330] ff.
• Moore, C. B., I, 328, 422, 430;
  • shells, II, [120];
  • pottery, II, [247].
• Moose-antler; imitated in flint, I, 160.
• Mortars, II, [95] ff.
• Mortars and pestles, not always found together, II, [111].
• Mounds, eastern Canada, II, [330].
• Mounting. See Hafting.
• “Mullers,” I, 434.
• Musical instruments, II, [160].
• Mutilation, for purposes of ornament, I, 352–353.
• “Mystery,” Indian, I, 215.
• “Mystery stones,” I, 249.
• National Museum, Washington, D. C., II, [12].
• Navajo blankets, II, [355].
• Nebraska pottery, II, [270].
• Necklaces, of bone, II, [142].
• Needles, of bone, II, [157];
  • in eastern Canada, II, [330];
  • of copper, II, [221].
• Nelson, C. A., II, [125].
• Net-sinkers, I, 432.
• New Brunswick, limit of bird-stones, II, [5].
• New England, slate spear-heads, I, 234, 236;
  • celts, adzes, and gouges, I, 273;
  • winged forms, I, 386;
  • pestles, II, [102];
  • harpoons, II, [137];
  • copper, II, [178];
  • pottery, II, [248];
  • culture-group, II, [358].
• New Hampshire, quartzite, etc., I, 234.
• New Jersey, long slender chipped forms, I, 236.
• New Mexico, quarries, I, 35;
  • chipped implements, I, 244.
• New York State, harpoons, II, [137].
• New York State Museum, I, 260.
• Nomenclature committee, membership, I, 11.
• Northern California culture, II, [362].
• North Carolina, copper, II, [174].
• Northwest Pacific Coast culture, II, [363].
• Nose-piercing, I, 353–354.
• Nose rings, I, 355.
• Notched implements, I, 426.
• Notched projectile points of copper, II, [202].
• Notched rattles, II, [159].
• Nut-cracking by Indians, II, [322].
• Objects of bone, Canadian Plains, II, [334];
  • Utah, II, [337];
  • Dakota, II, [340];
  • of shell, in eastern Canada, II, [331];
  • Canadian Plains, II, [335];
  • Dakota, II, [340];
  • of wood, in Utah, II, [336].
• Observation necessary to an archæologist, II, [351].
• Obsidian blades, their value, I, 246.
• Ohio, chipped implements, I, 238;
  • gorgets, I, 373;
  • copper, II, [174];
  • culture, II, [360].
• Ohio River between Aurora and Lawrenceburg, Indiana, II, [345].
• Ohio State Archæological and Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio, I, 334.
• Ohio Valley, chisel celts, I, 324.
• Ojibwa, I, 432; II, [40], [67], [356].
• Ollas, for cooking, II, [264].
• Ornaments, I, 329 ff.;
  • of bone, II, [134];
  • of copper, II, [230] ff.;
  • of silver, II, [230].
• Osages, II, [354].
• Oshkosh Library Collection, II, [196].
• Ozark culture area, II, [361].
• Ozark region, axes, I, 234.
• Pacific Coast, knives, I, 96;
  • chipped implements, I, 244.
• Paddles, II, [280].
• Paducah, Kentucky, pebbles, I, 70, 126.
• Painting, or tattoo-marks, II, [126].
• Paint-pestles, I, 434.
• Paint-stones, as mortars, II, [102].
• Paint-stone hematite, II, [301].
• Palæolithic forms with resemblances in eastern Canada, II, [331].
• Palæolithic implements, I, 81.
• Palenque, Mexico, II, [61].
• Parker, W. Thornton, M. D., I, 122.
• Patination, I, 178; II, [352].
• Peabody, C., I, 11, 362, 431.
• Peabody, R. S., II, [25].
• Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts, I, 232, 334, 362.
• Peabody Museum, Salem, Massachusetts, II, [104].
• Peale, C. W., of the Philadelphia Museum, I, 50.
• Pearls, I, 360.
• Pebbles, drilled and used as ornaments, I, 329.
• Pendants, I, 329 ff.;
  • of bone, II, [134];
  • of copper, II, [227].
• Pennsylvania, large range of chipped implements, I, 238.
• Pepper, G. H., shell effigies, II, [133].
• Perforated clubs, II, [311].
• Perforations, in problematical forms, I, 347;
  • in shell gorgets, II, [125].
• Perforators (see also Awls, Drills), in general, I, 210 ff.;
  • classification, I, 210;
  • use as pins, I, 210;
  • of copper, II, [219].
• Perishable materials, I, 32; II, [344].
• Perkins, E. C., II, [210].
• Perkins, Professor G. H., I, 236, 277.
• Pestles, II, [95] ff.
• Petaluma, California, plummets, I, 436.
• Phallic pestles, II, [116].
• Philadelphia Museum, II, [235].
• Phillips Academy collection, Andover, Massachusetts, I, 362, and passim.
• Phœnix, Arizona, I, 138.
• Pick-shaped forms, I, 341, 402.
• Pictographs on gorget, I, 380;
  • in general, II, [1].
• Pikes, of copper, II, [216].
• Piney Branch (D. C.), I, 35.
• Pipes, II, [29] ff.;
  • eastern Canada, II, [331];
  • Canadian Plains, II, [334];
  • Utah, II, [338];
  • Dakota, II, [341].
• Pitted stones, II, [314] ff.
• Plastic vs. incised designs, II, [288].
• Plummet-shaped forms, I, 431 ff.
• Pointed bowls for insertion in the ground, II, [114].
• Point of view of the peoples of the stone age, II, [363].
• Population in ancient times, II, [344].
• Pottery, in general, II, [247];
  • invention, II, [258];
  • classified, II, [278];
  • in eastern Canada, II, [332];
  • Plains of Canada, II, [335];
  • Utah, 338;
  • Dakota, II, [342].
• Powell, Major J. W., II, [357].
• Precious minerals, II, [364].
• Problematical forms, in general, I, 329 ff.;
  • peculiar to America, I, 414.
• Processes of stone-shaping, I, 289.
• Progression of types, I, 260.
• Projectile points, copper, II, [180], [198].
• Provincial Museum, Toronto, Ontario, II, [11].
• Pueblo culture, II, [362].
• Punches, of copper, II, [216].
• Putnam, Professor F. W., II, [235].
• Pyrula shells, II, [122].
• Quadrupeds in or on pottery, II, [287].
• Quarries, I, 34 ff.;
  • soapstone, II, [104].
• Quarrying materials, I, 31 ff.
• Question of antiquity of man in America, II, [350] ff.
• Rat-tail files, discussion, II, [133].
• Rattles, I, 357;
  • of clay, II, [261].
• Rau, Dr. Charles, I, 421.
• Reeder, J. T., II, [124].
• Reamers, I, 212.
• Re-chipped specimens, I, 124.
• Rejects, I, 43, Fig. 36.
• Re-made specimens, axes as hammers, I, 231;
  • problematical forms, I, 347.
• Renaissance art, II, [355].
• Repoussé work, copper, II, [234].
• Rhode Island, pestle, II, [114].
• Ribbons of (the moose), II, [159].
• Ribs of animals, as knives, etc., II, [134].
• Ridged gorgets, I, 341;
  • developing into bars, I, 403.
• Rings, I, 440;
  • of clay, II, [264].
• Rivet-holes in sockets, II, [210].
• Rocky Mountain culture, II, [361]–362.
• Rocky Mountain region, chipped implements, I, 242.
• Rolled socketed points, of copper, II, [212].
• Roller pestles, II, [114].
• Rubbing pottery, II, [280].
• Rudeness of object no evidence of antiquity, I, 82.
• Rust, H. N., I, 245.
• “Saddle-stones,” II, [5].
• St. Francis Basin, Arkansas, pottery, II, [256].
• St. Lawrence Basin, celts, I, 267;
  • harpoons, II, [137].
• Salado Valley, Arizona, II, [131], [132].
• Salts Cave, Kentucky, II, [238].
• Saltpeter, as preservative, II, [238].
• Sandals, II, [235].
• Santo Domingo, celts, I, 328.
• Saskatchewan, II, [341].
• Savage, Father James, I, 312.
• Savage vs. barbaric cultures, II, [348].
• Savannah River, pottery, II, [280].
• Scarifying of pottery, II, [287].
• Secondary uses of forms, I, 394 ff.
• Scandinavian daggers, I, 62.
• Sceptres, I, 166.
• Schumacher, J. P., I, 242.
• Schuette, G., II, [196].
• Scrapers, compared with Eskimo, I, 67;
  • in general, I, 198 ff.;
  • classified, I, 198;
  • mounting, I, 205;
  • of bone, II, [134];
  • in eastern Canada, II, [330], [331].
• Scraping pottery, II, [280].
• Screw-pressure, I, 71.
• Seever, W. J., I, 164.
• Sellars, G., I, 40, 48.
• Seminoles, II, [354].
• Seris, I, 330; II, [348].
• Serpent, realistically treated, II, [288].
• Sharpening-stones, Dakota, II, [341].
• Shawano sites, II, [345].
• Shell, II, [117] ff.;
  • in Dakota, II, [340].
• Shell gorgets, II, [122] ff.
• Shoulder blades of animals, as digging-tools, II, [134].
• Shuttles, I, 410.
• Sinew, for hafting, I, 286.
• Sinew-smoother, I, 369.
• “Sinew stone,” II, [314].
• Sioux, necklaces, I, 216;
  • pipes, II, [40].
• Sites, prehistoric, historic, modern, II, [344], [345].
• Skull, incrusted with shells, II, [352].
• Slate spears, in eastern Canada, II, [331].
• Smith, Captain John, I, 49.
• Smith, Harlan I., I, 302.
• Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., chipped implements, I, 232, 334;
  • copper, II, [161];
  • pottery, II, [280];
  • hematites, II, [302].
• Snake-form in necklaces, II, [155].
• Snyder, Dr. J. F., Virginia, Illinois, I, 218, 427.
• Sockets, copper, II, [190].
• Socketed points, II, [180].
• Soapstone, II, [104].
• South America, copper, II, [165].
• South Carolina, chipped implements, I, 239.
• Southern California culture, II, [362].
• Southern culture areas, II, [361].
• Southwest, numerous effigies, II, [23].
• Spades, manufacture, I, 64.
• Spatulas, copper, II, [192].
• Specialization in work, I, 145 ff.
• Spikes, of copper, II, [220].
• Spindle-whorls, II, [23].
• Split stick for hafting, I, 305.
• Spool-shaped forms, I, 403.
• Spoons, of bone, II, [141].
• Springfield, Illinois, I, 180.
• Spuds, of copper, II, [186].
• Spud-shaped forms, I, 418 ff.;
  • habitat, I, 421.
• Squash, II, [238].
• Squier and Davis, II, [133].
• Stamping pottery, II, [280].
• Stanley, H. M., II, [367].
• Starr, Professor Frederick, II, [159].
• Steatite, II, [104].
• Steinbrueck, E. R., Mandan collection, I, 198; II, [150].
• Stems, classified, I, 99.
• Stockton, California, I, 154.
• Stoddard, H. L., I, 452.
• “Stone ceremonial swords,” II, [308].
• Stone graves, Tennessee, II, [261];
  • number, II, [346].
• “Stone swords,” I, 164.
• Sun-dance, Mandan and Kiowa, I, 6, 7.
• Sun-dried clay, liable to disappear, II, [269].
• “Sun-fish spears,” Greene County, Ohio, I, 233.
• Superior-Michigan region, chipped implements, I, 239.
• Susquehanna River, I, 35;
  • axes, I, 323.
• “Swords” of shell, II, [121].
• Symbolic decoration, II, [287].
• Symposium on copper, II, [233].
• Tablets, I, 347 ff.;
  • of stone in Dakota, II, [341].
• Tattoo-marks, or painting, II, [126].
• Technology of flint implements, I, 234.
• Tecumseh, II, [345].
• Teeth as ornaments, II, [134].
• “Telescopes,” I, 455.
• Tempering, of pottery, II, [256].
• Tennessee, types of chipped implements, I, 238;
  • bicaves, I, 446;
  • copper, II, [174].
• Tennessee Historical Society, I, 232.
• Tennessee Valley, shell gorgets, II, [123];
  • pottery, II, [256].
• Texas, I, 40;
  • chipped implements, I, 244.
• Texas culture area, II, [361].
• Textile fabrics, in general, II, [235] ff.
• Textiles in Utah, II, [337].
• Thomas, Dr. Cyrus, II, [367].
• Thruston, General G. P., I, 422.
• Thunder-bird, as represented by winged forms, I, 380.
• Tobacco and tobacco-smoking, II, [29].
• Tomahawks, I, 270.
• Tooker, Paul S., Westfield, New Jersey, I, 380.
• Toothed points, of copper, II, [202].
• Torches, of reed, II, [238].
• Totems, II, [17].
• Toys, of pottery, II, [261].
• Trade, aboriginal, I, 221;
  • in copper, II, [23], [231].
• Transportation of material, I, 40 ff; I, 218–220.
• Trenton, New Jersey, II, [350].
• Triangular pieces of horn, II, [153], [154].
• Tubular forms, I, 453 ff.
• Turtlebacks, II, [40], [191], [348].
• Typha (cat-tail), fibres for braiding, II, [240].
• Unbaked clay, Dakota, II, [342].
• Unfinished fish-hooks, process of manufacture, II, [148].
• Unfinished winged forms, I, 379.
• Unio shells, II, [122].
• University of Vermont, II, [189].
• Utah, in general (Montgomery), II, [336] ff.;
  • culture area, II, [363].
• Valuation of chipped implements, I, 245.
• Variety in ceramics, II, [289].
• Village-site of antiquity, II, [269].
• Volk, E., II, [350].
• Wabash River, limit of effigy pottery, II, [250].
• Wagon-pressure, I, 71.
• War points, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Mississippi, Texas, Georgia, Virginia, Massachusetts, Oregon, Illinois, I, 86, 88.
• Wearing of perforations, I, 372.
• Weathering, II, [353].
• Wedges, copper, II, [184].
• Weirs, II, [141].
• West, G. A., pipes, II, [29].
• West Virginia, plummets, I, 436;
  • copper, II, [174].
• Whistles, II, [142].
• Wild hemp, II, [242].
• Willamette Valley, Oregon, small points, I, 233.
• Williams, Professor E. H., Jr., I, 205, 413; II, [352].
• Willoughby, C. C., I, 251.
• Wilson, Rev. G. L., II, [153].
• Wilson, Dr. T., I, 10, 34, 251.
• Winged forms of greater age than the mounds, I, 411.
• Winged problematical forms, I, 376 ff.
• Winnebago Indians, II, [40]; II, [159], [167].
• Wintuns, I, 74.
• Wisconsin, knives, I, 92;
  • spades, I, 184;
  • grooved hammers, I, 231;
  • celts, I, 272;
  • grooved axes, I, 306;
  • fluted axes, I, 316;
  • gorgets, I, 374;
  • winged forms, I, 386;
  • spuds, I, 427;
  • pestles, II, [115];
  • bone, II, [156];
  • copper, II, [161] ff.;
  • pottery, II, [294];
  • hematite, II, [304].
• Wisconsin Archæological Society, II, [164].
• Wisconsin Natural History Society, II, [161].
• Wisconsin State Historical Museum, I, 241–242, 308; II, [161].
• Woman’s knife, II, [311].
• Women, compared with men in population, II, [137].
• Wooden bowls, II, [102].
• Workmanship, depending on material, I, 233.
• Wrappings of cloth, II, [204].
• Wright, Professor G. Frederick, I, 34.
• Wright, Professor John H., I, 11.
• Wyman, Dr. Jeffries, II, [352].
• Wyoming, quarries, I, 35.
• Yale, British Columbia, I, 304.
• Yellowstone Park, I, 35.
• Young, Colonel B. H., II, [124];
  • shell gorgets, II, [130];
  • Salts Cave, II, [238].
• Zigzag ornamentation, or pattern, II, [214].
• Zimmerman, E. D., Kutztown, Pennsylvania, II, [308].

---

[1]. Smithsonian Report for 1896, p. 451, Dr. Thomas Wilson.

[2]. Wisconsin Archeologist, no. 1, vol. 8, 1908.

[3]. Smithsonian Report for 1896, p. 451.

[4]. Polished Stone Articles used by the New York Aborigines, p. 56. Albany, 1897.

[5]. Stone Art, Bureau of Ethnology Report for 1891–92, p. 125.

[6]. Gilman, G., in Smithsonian Report for 1873, p. 371.

[7]. Antiquities of the Southern Indians, p. 30.

[8]. Notes on Primitive Man in Ontario, by David Boyle. Toronto, 1895, p. 67.

[9]. Report of the United States National Museum, 1897, pages 361–645.

[10]. Wisconsin Archeologist, April-August, 1905, pages 40–171.

[11]. “The Aboriginal Pipes of Wisconsin,” Wisconsin Archeologist, vol. IV, nos. 3 and 4, p. 83.

[12]. North American Indian.

[13]. “The Aboriginal Pipes of Wisconsin,” Wisconsin Archeologist, vol. IV, nos. 3 and 4, p. 130.

[14]. Moundville Revisited, pp. 384–390.

[15]. “The Aboriginal Pipes of Wisconsin,” Wisconsin Archeologist, vol. IV, nos. 3 and 4, p. 125.

[16]. Report of the United States National Museum, 1897, p. 445.

[17]. E. A. Barber, The Antiquity of the Tobacco Pipe in Europe, quoting Rembert Dodoens on the virtues of colefoot in the “historie of plantes,” American Antiquarian, II, p. 6.

[18]. American Anthropologist, October-December, 1906, p. 686.

[19]. “Antiquities of the Florida West Coast,” Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1900.

[20]. “Shell Ornaments from Kentucky and Mexico,” Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections (quarterly issue), vol. XLV, p. 97. Published Dec. 9, 1903.

[21]. Holmes, in Second Annual Report, Bureau of Ethnology, pl. LXXIII.

[22]. Notes on Primitive Man in Ontario. Report of the Minister of Education for Ontario. Toronto, 1895, pp. 73–81.

[23]. Report for the year 1906, of the Ohio State Archæological and Historical Society.

[24]. Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Science, vol. ix, pp. 181–183.

[25]. Fourteenth Annual Report, Bureau of American Ethnology.

[26]. Archæological History of Ohio, p. 712.

[27]. Archæological History, p. 713.

[28]. “Discussion as to Copper from the Mounds,” American Anthropologist, vol. v, no. 1, January-March, 1903.

[29]. Twentieth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1898–99.

[30]. “Explorations of the Wabash Cemetery,” Bulletin no. 3, Phillips Academy Publications, 1906.

[31]. “Polished Stone Articles used by the New York Aborigines,” Bulletin of the New York State Museum, vol. IV. no. 18.

[32]. Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1895–96—The Seri Indians.

[33]. “Father Gravier’s Voyage down and up the Mississippi,” pp. 143, 144. Dated Feb. 16, 1701. From Early Voyages up and down the Mississippi. Albany, Joel Nunsell, 1861.

[34]. Archæologica Nova Cæsarea, nos. 1, 2, and 3. C. C. Abbott, M. D. Trenton, N. J.

[35]. Jeffries Wyman, Fresh-Water Shell Mounds of the St. John’s River, Florida, pp. 33, 64. Peabody Academy of Science, Fourth Memoir. Salem, Massachusetts, 1875.

[36]. Prehistoric Implements, sections 7 and 9.

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

• Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained.
• Used numbers for footnotes, placing them all at the end of the last chapter.