3. Sentences
P. 83–116. W. 76–113. M. 3–11; 50–53; 87–89; 149–152. BI, 55–90.
A. LENGTH. W. 84; 89–94. M. 7. BI, 84–85.
I. Short Sentence—15 words or less.
1. Use; e. g.:—
a. Single short sentence.
a′. Topic sentence.
b′. Subtopic sentence.
c′. Conclusion.
d′. Transition sentence.
e′. For emphasis.
b. Series of short sentences; e. g.:—
a′. Rapidity.
b′. Excitement and suspense.
c′. Abruptness; staccato effect.
II. Medium Sentence—15–30 words.
III. Long Sentence—30 words or more.
1. Use; e. g.:—
a. To group minor details.
b. Climax.
c. Rhythmical effect.
B. CONSTRUCTION.
I. Grammatical.
1. Simple. 2. Complex. 3. Compound.
II. Rhetorical.
1. Loose Sentence. P. 86–89. W. 84–89. BI, 55–63.
a. Effect and use of loose sentence.
2. Periodic Sentence. P. 86; 106–112. W. 84–89. M. 4.
a. Means for securing periodic effect.
a′. Essential parts at end of sentence.
b′. Phrases and dependent clauses at beginning.
c′. Use of correlatives.
b. Effect and use of periodic sentences.
3. Balanced Sentence. P. 112. W. 95. M. 8. BI, 66–74.
a. Means for securing balanced effect.
a′. Parallelism.
b′. Use of correlatives.
b. Effect and use of balanced sentences; e. g.:—
a′. Antithesis.
b′. Epigrammatic expression.
C. UNITY. P. 83–93. W. 96–99. M. 10. BI, 85–90.
I. Unity of Thought.
Violations.
(1) Digression.
(2) Separation of parts of thought into independent sentences. P. 89–92.
II. Unity of Expression. (cf. Sentence Coherence).
1. Relation of Parts.
a. Grammatical construction evident?
b. Parallelism of construction. P. 102–3.
c. Subordination in predication. P. 86. W. 108–9.
d. Implied predicate (no sentence).
D. COHERENCE. P. 94–104. W. 105–110.
I. Order. W. 105–106.
1. Collocation accurate? (i.e. words closely related in thought placed together).
a. Modifiers in accurate relation to modified elements?
Violations.
(1) Squinting construction.
(2) Participle in false relation.
(3) Misplaced adverbial modifier.
b. Reference exact? P. 94–96.
Violations.
(1) Ambiguous reference.
(2) No antecedent.
(3) Disagreement.
c. Correlatives properly placed? P. 100–101.
d. Collocation close?
Violation.
(1) Awkward separation of essential parts.
II. Construction (i. e. elements similar in significance similar in form). P. 102–104.
a. Balance.
b. Parallel construction.
Violations.
(1) Needless change of voice or tense of verbs.
(2) Needless change of grammatical subject.
III. Connection. W. 108–110.
a. Accurate expression of relation of parts by connectives.
(1) Subordination indicated? (cf. subordination in predication under sentence unity. P. 86).
(2) Co-ordination accurately expressed?
E. EMPHASIS. P. 105–115. W. 99–103. BI, 74–84.
I. Arrangement of Parts.
1. Important parts in emphatic positions?
a. At beginning.
b. At end.
c. In other positions more emphatic.
2. Suspense—periodic effect.
3. Antithesis—balanced construction.
4. Climax. P. 113.
II. Subordination in Predication, (cf. Sentence Unity. P. 86.)