FOOTNOTES:

[314] The author does not seem to have been successful in his ministry at Newcastle. Colonel Fenwick says that the town was famous for mocking and misusing Christ's ministers; and after naming Knox and Udal, he thus reproaches the town for its treatment of Balmford: "Witness reverend Balmford, whom in a like manner thou expulsed; though thou couldst not touch his life, thou pricked his sides (as well as Christ's) in his hearers, with the reproach of Balmfordian faction and schism."—Christ in the midst of his Enemies, by Lieut.-Col. John Fenwick, 1643. Reprinted by M. A. Richardson, Newcastle, 1846.

[315] The opinions of Luther, Calvin, Peter Martyr, Lambert Daneau, and others upon this question are to be found in the 'Collectanea variorum authorum de Sortibus et Ludo Aleæ,' appended to the Alea of Pascasius Justus, by Joannes a Munster, 4to, 1617.

[316] "Traité du jeu, ou l'on examine les principales Questions de Droit naturel et de morale qui ont du rapport à cette Matière. Par Jean Barbeyrac, Professeur en Droit à Groningue. Seconde Edition, revue et augmentée. A laquelle on a joint un Discours sur la nature du Sort, et quelques autres Ecrits de l'Auteur qui servent principalement à défendre ce qu'il avoit dit de l'innocence du jeu consideré en lui-même."—This Edition, in three volumes, 16mo, was published at Amsterdam, 1738, and is dedicated to Anne, Princess of Orange, eldest daughter of George II. The first edition appeared in 1710. It is said that the idea of writing such a book was first suggested to Barbeyrac in consequence of his being so frequently appealed to on questions relating to the game of cards by ladies who came to play with his mother-in-law, with whom he resided, and in whose apartment he used frequently to sit.

[317] "Anacharsis, apud Aristot. Παιζειν, δ' ὁπως σπουδαζῃ, κατ' Ἀναχαρσιν, ὀρθως ἐχειν δοκει. —Ethic. Nicom. lib. x, cap. 6."

[318] Ἡ ἀναπαυσις, των πονων ἀρτυμα ἐστι.—Plutarch. de Puerorum institut."

[319] "Inter se ista miscenda sunt: et quiescenti agendum, et agenti quiescendum est. Cum rerum natura delibera: illa dicet tibi, se et Diem fecisse et Noctem.—Seneca, Epist. iii."

[320] "Βιος ανεορταστος, μακρη ὁδος απανδοκευτος.—Democrit. apud Stobæum."

[321] It may be observed, that such cases of "Natural Equity," as are here hypothetically put by Barbeyrac, do not properly admit of a third party as a judge, in the event of a dispute. Parties entering into such contracts, irrespective of the usages of society, or the positive laws of the country where they reside, ought to be left to enforce their natural equity by natural means. One wealthy fool loses to another the whole of his property, the contract between them being, that he was to be the winner who should draw the longest straw out of a stack. In natural equity, between the two parties, the loser is obliged to pay; but, should he recover his senses, he will refuse, and leave the winner to his remedy; for the circumstance of his risking so much in the first instance, was a greater offence against society than his subsequent refusal to pay. What one gambler may lose to another is of small moment to society, compared with the primary evil through which such persons are enabled to play deeply with the fruits of others' labours. Luther, speaking of the lawfulness of retaining money won by gaming, concludes that it might be lawfully retained; but adds, that he could wish both parties to lose, if it were possible. The impossibility has been removed since regular gaming houses and gaming banks were established.

[322] The following is the passage referred to: περιφερομενοι παντι ανεμω της διδασκαλιας εν τη ΚΥΒΕΙΑ των ανθρωπων.

[323] Barbeyrac, Traité du Jeu, liv. i, chap. 1. "Que le Jeu en lui-même, et l'abus mis à part, est une chose tout-à-fait indifferente."

[324] "Selden, de Jure Naturæ et Gentium, lib. iv, cap. v."

[325] From this account of instruments of play containing pictures and devises, it has been conjectured that cards were then known, and that the game was included in the general term "Alea." On this point, Barbeyrac observes, in a note: "All this pleasant conceit [about pictures and idolatry] is founded on two things: first that the board on which they played at Trictrac and Dice, was adorned with paintings; and second, that the invention of those games was attributed to Theut, or Thout, the Egyptian Mercury, who, after his death, was numbered amongst the gods."

[326] "Daniel Souter, Palamed. lib. ii, c. 6."

[327] Réflexions sur ce que l'on appelle Bonheur et Malheur en matière de Loteries, par M. le Clerc, ch. viii, p. 97.

[328] La Placette, Des Jeux de Hasard, ch. ii, p. 202.

[329] J. B. Thiers, in his Traité des Jeux et des Divertissemens, p. 5, thus refers to the same anecdote: "Saint Ignace de Loiola joüa un jour au billard avec un gentil-homme qui l'avoit invité d'y jouer, et s'il en faut croire l'éloquent Jésuite Maphée, il le gagna miraculeusement, quoiqu'il ne sçût pas le jeu. Cum nihil minus calleret Ignatius, divinitus factum est ut in singulos omnino trajectus victor eraderet."

[330] "Omnis autem Actio vacare debet temeritate et negligentia: nee vero agere quidquam, cujus non possit causam probabilem reddere."—Cicero de Offic. lib. i. See also Marc. Antonin. lib. viii, cap. 2, and lib. x, cap. 37, together with Gataker's observations.—On this point the remark of Seneca deserves quotation: "Hac [Ratione] duce, per totam vitam eundum est. Minima Maximaque ex hujus consilio gerenda sunt."—De Benefic. lib. ii, cap. 18.

[331] Thiers, in his Traité des Jeux et des Divertissemens, distinguishes games in the same manner; but Barbeyrac observes that he is wrong in classing all games of cards with games of pure chance.

[332] "The low and profligate company which a gentleman of rank and education will frequently submit to keep, rather than lose his beloved Hazard, is such that, if he had been required to admit them simply on the ground of companions, he would certainly have looked upon it as an insufferable degradation."—A Dissertation on the pernicious effects of Gaming, published, by appointment, as having gained a Prize (June 1783) in the University of Cambridge. By Richard Hey, LL.D., Cambridge, 1784, p. 31.

[333] "I know a man who cheats," said a young gentleman to Sheridan; "I do not like to expose him; what shall I do?" "Back him," was the reply.

[334] "Hook's clever epitaph on a fashionable gambler then recently deceased."—The Dowagers; or, the New School for Scandal, by Mrs. Gore. 1843.

[335] "Question on Gaming, Whether or no the making and providing such instruments, which usually minister to it, is by interpretation such an aid to the sin, as to involve us in the guilt?" This treatise is printed in a small work entitled 'The Life of Bishop Taylor, and the Purest Spirit of his Writings extracted and exhibited by John Whealdon, A.M.' 8vo, 1789.

[336] This letter is given in the Rev. R. Polwhele's Reminiscences, vol. ii, p. 42. Edit. 1836.

[337] Memoirs of Tate Wilkinson, vol. iii, p. 9-11. York, 1790.

[338] Boswell's Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides. The following anecdote respecting Locke is related by Le Clerc. Three or four men of rank met him by appointment at the house of Lord Ashley, afterwards Earl of Shaftesbury, rather for the sake of mutual entertainment than for business. After mutual compliments had passed, and before there had been any time for conversation, cards were introduced, and the visitors sat down to play. Mr. Locke, after looking on a while, drew out his tablets and sat down to write. One of the company at length observing how he was employed, asked him what he was writing. "My lord," replied he, "I am endeavouring to profit as much as I can from your company; for having impatiently longed to be present at a meeting of the most sensible and most witty men of the day, and having at last that good fortune, I thought that I could not do better than write down your conversation; I have indeed here put down the substance of what has been said for the last hour or two." The satire was immediately felt; the players quitted the game, and after amusing themselves for a while in retouching and enlarging what Mr. Locke had set down, spent the remainder of the day in more worthy conversation.—Eloge de Mr. Locke dans la Bibliothèque Choisie, tom. vi, p. 357.

[339] Noctes Ambrosianæ, No. 25, in Blackwood's Magazine for April, 1826.

[340] The Life of St. Francis Xavier, by Father Bouhours. Translated into English by John Dryden, pp. 71, 203, 697.

[341] "Les jeux des dez, des cartes, et semblables, esquels le gain dépend principalement du hasard, ne sont pas seulement des récréations dangereuses, comme les danses, mais elles sont simplement et naturellement mauvaises et blâmables."—St. François de Sales, Introd. à la Vie dévote, quoted by Thiers in his Traité des Jeux, p. 168.

[342] Mémoires sur la Cour de Louis XIV et de la Régence. Extraits de la Correspondance Allemande de Madame Elisabeth-Charlotte, Duchesse d'Orléans, mère du Régent, p. 339. 8vo, Paris, 1823. In corroboration of the anecdote related by the Duchess, the Editor gives the following from the 'Loisirs d'un Homme d'Etat,' and the 'Dictionnaire Historique:' "M. de Cosnac, archevêque d'Aix, était très vieux, quand il apprit que l'on vient de canoniser Saint François de Sales. 'Quoi!' s'écria-t-il, 'M. de Genéve, mon ancien ami? Je suis charmé de la fortune qu'il vient de faire: c'était un galant homme, un aimable homme, et même un honnête homme, quoiqu'il trichât au piquet, où nous avons souvent joué ensemble.' 'Mais, monseigneur,' lui dit-on, 'est-il possible qu'un saint friponne au jeu?' 'Ho!' repliqua l'archevêque, 'il disait, pour ses raisons, que ce qu'il gagnait était pour les pauvres.'"

[343] Mémoires inédits de Louis Henri de Lomenie, Comte de Brienne.

[344] "Une treizième circonstance, qui, à mon sens, est capable de gâter le jeu, c'est quand on joüe des prières, je veux dire quand on joüe à condition que celui qui perdra fera certaines prières ou pour les fidèles trépassés, ou pour celui qui aura gagné, ou pour quelqu'autre qui lui fera indiqué. Le Docteur Navarre ne condamne pas cet pratique. Le P. Théophile Raynaud témoigne qu'elle est reçue parmi les devots. Mais pour moi, je la regarde comme un raffinement de dévotion hétéroclite ou irrégulière, et j'estime qu'il y a de l'irrévérence à jouër, par exemple, des Pseaumes à reciter, ou des Pater noster, ou des Ave Maria à dire."—Thiers, Traité des Jeux, p. 425.

[345] On this point the reader is more particularly referred to Thiers, Traité des Jeux et des Divertissemens, p. 422; and to Barbeyrac, Traité du Jeu, tom. ii, p. 356, second edit. 1737.

[346] "Toutefois sans venir à telles sortes de blasphèmes, nous en trouvons de forts sauvages au langage Italien: dont aucuns semblent plutost sortir de la bouche de diables que d'hommes. Du nombre desquels est un que j'ouy proférer à Rome par un prestre, lequel sera recité en son lieu. Mais on luy peut bien donner pour compagnon un qui fût proféré à Venise par un Italien, non prestre, mais seculier, en jouant aux cartes en la maison d'un ambassadeur du Roy. Ce blasphème est tel: 'Venga 'l cancaro ad lupo.' Quel si grand mal y-a-t-il ici? dira quelqu'un. Le grand mal est en ce que ceci se disoit par une figure, qui s'appelle aposiopese ou retinenca, en lieu de (comme depuis on cogneut) 'Venga 'l cancaro, ad lupo che non manjiò christo quando era agnello.' Or l'appelloit il agnello, ayant esgard à ce qui est dict en S. Jean, 'Ecce agnus Dei qui tollit peccata mundi.'"

[347] The author of 'A Short Essay on the Folly of Gaming,' reprinted from the Dublin Intelligencer, in 1734, speaking of the loss of temper at cards and dice, says: "If any one doubts the truth of this position, I refer him to the Groom-Porter's, and other public tables, where the virtuosos of the gaming science are daily and nightly to be seen. If blasphemy, cursing, swearing, duelling, running of heads against the wall, throwing hats and wigs in the fire, distortions of the countenance, biting of nails, burning of cards, breaking of dice-boxes, can be called a loss of temper, they are to be found there in the highest degree."—He concludes his essay with the following warning: "I shall close these cursory reflections with a useful remark of Plato's, viz. that the Dæmon Theuth was the inventor of Dice; and the vulgar have it by tradition that cards are the Devil's books; therefore I cannot but say that after this information given, if gamesters will not desist, they are undoubtedly at the Devil's devotion."

[348] An Essay upon Gaming, in a Dialogue between Callimachus and Dolomedes. By Jeremy Collier, M.A. 1713.

[349] This title is taken from the 14th verse of the xxxivth Psalm: "Depart from evil, and do good." The names of the speakers, Eldad and Medad, are from Numbers, xi, 26.

[350] Eldad, in replying to this portion of Medad's argument, observes that Play is not to be compared with commerce or trade, which supplies men with things necessary or useful, and that in fair trade both the buyer and the seller are benefited.

[351] Eldad, in answer to this tirade, observes that no blessing can attend the gains of such an unfeeling character, and that his money will go as it has come. Out of a thousand, he says, there is not one who succeeds in such speculations, and that we daily see many reduced to poverty by them. Trade and commerce supplying us with useful articles are to be distinguished from speculations which partake of the nature of gaming.

[352]

The following anecdote of a card-playing parson who inopportunely let some cards drop from his sleeve when in church, occurs in 'The Women's Advocate, or the Fifteen real Comforts of Matrimony.'—2d edit. 1683.

"The Parson that loved gaming better than his eyes, made a good use of it when he put up his cards in his gown-sleeve in haste, when the clerk came and told him the last stave was a-singing. 'Tis true, that in the height of his reproving the Parish for their neglect of holy duties, upon the throwing out of his zealous arm, the cards dropt out of his sleeve, and flew about the church. What then? He bid one boy take up a card and asked him what it was,—the boy answers the King of Clubs. Then he bid another boy take up another card. 'What was that?' 'The Knave of Spades.' 'Well,' quo' he, 'now tell me, who made ye?' The boy could not well tell. Quo' he to the next, 'Who redeemed ye?'—that was a harder question. 'Look ye,' quoth the Parson, 'you think this was an accident, and laugh at it; but I did it on purpose to shew you that had you taught your children their catechism, as well as to know their cards, they would have been better provided to answer material questions when they come to church.'"

[353] Mons. Peignot says that Mlle. Le Normand, the celebrated fortune-teller, published in her 'Souvenirs Prophétiques,' Paris, 1814, the same history, but with the name of the hero changed to Richard Middleton. Mlle. Le Normand died at Paris in 1843, aged 72, leaving a fortune, it is said, of 500,000 francs. She had followed the trade of fortune-telling for upwards of forty years; and is said to have been frequently consulted by the Empress Josephine, who was extremely superstitious. A great number of her customers were gamblers, of both sexes. She is said to have been visited both by Napoleon, and by Alexander, Emperor of Russia.

[354] Notice Bibliographique sur les Cartes à jouer, p. 9. Paris, 1842.

[355] Since this sheet was in type I have learned that cards are mentioned in a work entitled 'Le Ménagier de Paris,' written about 1393, by "un bourgeois Parisien," and recently published by the Society of Bibliophiles Français. In the notice of it in the 'Journal des Savants' for February last, it said: "On y rencontre des indications historiques que nul autre ouvrage ne nous fournit; tel est, par example, la mention des Cartes à jouer."

APPENDIX.

No. 1.

List of the Specimens of Cards given in the 'Jeux de Cartes Tarots et de Cartes Numérales, du Quatorzième au Dix-huitième Siècle;' published by the Society of Bibliophiles Français, Paris, 1844.

1. Seventeen cards, ascribed to Gringonneur, from the originals in the Bibliothèque du Roi.

2. Ten cards, from the originals engraved on wood and coloured, in the Bibliothèque du Roi. Supposed date, 1425.

3. Cards, from the originals engraved on wood, in the possession of Mons. Hémuville. Supposed date, 1440.

4. Copies of the set of fifty old Italian engravings, usually called Tarocchi. Supposed date, 1470.

5. Ten plates, containing a set of fifty-two circular cards, with the mark T. W., and having Hares, Parroquets, Pinks, and Columbines as the marks of the suits. Supposed date, 1477.

6. Four cards of a pack engraved on copper at Venice in 1491.

7. Ten plates, containing forty cards, with Human Figures, Bears and Lions, Deer, and Birds as the marks of the suits. From the originals, ascribed to the "Master of 1466," formerly in the possession of Mr. T. Wilson, but now in the Bibliothèque du Roi.

8. Four plates, containing thirty-six cards of a German pack of fifty-two, engraved on wood, of the date 1511.

9. A plate, containing sixteen Portuguese cards, of the date 1693.

10. A plate, containing twelve French cards, engraved by Vincent Goyraud, of the time of Henry IV.

11. A plate, containing sixteen French cards, of the time of Louis XIII.

12. A plate, containing twelve cards of a Republican pack, engraved in France about 1793.

13. A plate, containing twelve cards of another Republican pack, engraved in France about the same period as the preceding.

The originals of all the specimens, with the exception of those mentioned under No. 3, are preserved in the Bibliothèque du Roi.

No. 2.

A List of the principal Works either directly relating to Cards, or incidentally treating of the Game. From the 'Jeux de Cartes Tarots et de Cartes Numérales,' with many additions.

Le Ménagier de Paris: traité de morale et d'économie domestique, composé, vers 1393, par un Bourgeois Parisien. Publié pour la première fois par la Société des Bibliophiles Français. 8vo, Paris, 1848.

Ingold, Das Güldin Spil. Folio, Augsburg, 1472.

Baptista Platina, de Honesta Voluptate. 4to, Venice, 1475.

Galeottus Martius, de Doctrina promiscua. About 1490.

R. Maphei Volaterrani Commentaria Urbana. 1506.

Logica Memorativa: Chartiludium logice, auctore Thoma Murner. 4to, Cracoviæ, 1507. Strasburg, 1509. Reprinted at Paris. 8vo, 1629.

Philesii Vosgesigenæ Grammatica figurata. 4to, 1509.

Speculum Fatuorum, auctore Joanne Geiler de Kiesersberg, concionatore Argentorense. Sect. lxxvii, Lusorum turba. 4to, Strasburg, 1511.

Chartiludium institute summarie, vel institutiones Justiniani; doctore Thoma Murner, memorante et ludente. 4to, Argentinæ, 1518.

Dialogi omnes Hadriani Barlandi. 8vo, Paris, 1542.

Ludus Chartarum, Dialogus, auctore Ludovico Vives. 1545.

Raggionamiento del divino Pietro Aretino, nel quale si parla del giuoco, con moralità piacevole. 8vo, about 1545. Reprinted in 1589 and 1651.

Le Mépris et le Contemnement de tous les Jeux de Sort, par Ol. Gouyn. 8vo, Paris, 1550.

Cento Giuochi liberali e d'ingegno, da Innocentio Ringhieri ritrovati. 4to, Bologna, 1551.

Satyra invectiva contra los Tahures: en que se declaran los daños? que al cuerpo, y al alma, y la hazienda se siguen del juego de los naypes. (Por Diego del Castillo.) 12mo, Sevilla, 1557.

Pascasius Justus, de Alea. About 1560. Reprinted in 4to, with a large Appendix on the subject of gaming, selected from various authors, by Joannes a Munster, at Neustadt, in the diocese of Spires, 1617.

Hieronymi Cardani Lib. de ludo Aleæ. About 1560.

John Northbrooke's Treatise against Dicing, Dancing, Plays, and other Idle Pastimes, 1577. Reprinted by the Shakspeare Society, 1843.

Liber de Alea, ou breve Remontrance sur les Jeux de Cartes et de Dés, par Lambert Daneau. Small 8vo, Paris, 1579.

Philip Stubbes's Anatomy of Abuses. 12mo, 1583.

Reginald Scott's Discovery of Witchcraft. 4to, 1584.

Le Triomphe du Berlan, par J. Perrache. 8vo, Paris, 1585.

Del Giuoco; Discorso del R. Padre M. Tommaso Buoninsegni. 4to, Florence, 1585.

A Short and Plain Dialogue concerning the Unlawfulness of Playing at Cards or Tables. By James Balmford. First edition, 1593. Reprinted in 1607.

Les Tromperies et Piperies du Jeu, ou la Mort aux Pipeurs. 12mo, Paris, 1608.

The Four Knaves, a series of Satirical Tracts. By Samuel Rowlands, 1611-13. Reprinted by the Percy Society, 1843.

Commentarius contra Ludum Alearum, Chartarum scilicet ac Taxillorum; a Fratre Angelo Roccha, episcopo Tagastensi. 4to, Rome, 1616.

On the Nature and Use of Lots. By Thomas Gataker, B.D. 4to, London, 1619. Second edition, 1627.

Académie des Jeux. 12mo, Paris, 1659. Numerous enlarged editions of this work have been published.

And. Senftlebius, de Alea veterum, p. 137-8. 8vo, Leipsic, 1667.

The Compleat Gamester. By Charles Cotton. 12mo, London, 1674.

Der Gelehrte und Bekehrte Spieler: das ist ein annehmliches Tractätlein, darinnen zwey Jüdische Studenten scharffsinnig disputiren, Was vom Spiel zu halten sey? Ins Deutsche übersetzet von P. A. Christian. 12mo, Leipzig, 1683. The first edition of the original Hebrew appears to have been printed at Venice about 1615. A second edition was printed at Leyden about 1660.

Traité des Jeux et des Divertissemens, par M. Jean Baptiste Thiers, Docteur en Théologie. 12mo, Paris, 1686.

Parallèle entre la Jurisprudence espagnole et celle de France, relativement aux Jeux de Cartes, par Lucio Marinero Siculo, 1686.

Elenchus quorumdam eorum qui de ludis scripserunt, et de ludis orientalibus; auctore Thoma Hyde. 12mo, Oxford, 1694.

Réflexions sur ce que l'on appelle Bonheur et Malheur en matière de Loteries (Par J. Le Clerc.) 12mo, Amsterdam, 1696.

Bibliothèque instructive et curieuse, par le Père Menestrier. 12mo, Trévoux, 1704.

Essai d'Analyse sur les Jeux de Hasard (cartes, dés, tric-trac). Fig. de Seb. Leclerc. 4to, Paris, 1708.

Traité du Jeu, où l'on examine les principales Questions de Droit naturel et de Morale qui ont rapport à cette matière, par Jean Barbeyrac. 16mo, Amsterdam, 1710. Seconde edition, revue et augmentée, 1738.

An Essay upon Gaming, in a Dialogue between Callimachus and Dolomedes. By Jeremy Collier. A.M. 8vo, London, 1713.

Memoirs of the Lives, Intrigues, and Comical Adventures of the most Famous Gamesters and Celebrated Sharpers in the reigns of Charles II, James II, William III, and Queen Anne. By Theophilus Lucas, Esq. 12mo, 1714.

The Court Gamester: or full and easy instructions for playing the Games now in vogue. By Richard Seymour, Esq. 12mo, second edition, London, 1720.

Dissertation sur l'Origine du Jeu de Piquet, par le Père Daniel, extraite du Journal de Trévoux, Mai, 1720.

A View of the Antique Laws against Immorality and Profaneness. By the Rev. John Disney, A.M. Folio, London, 1729.

A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist. By Edmond Hoyle, Gent. 12mo, first published about 1737.

Istoria della Citta di Viterbo, da Feliciano Bussi. Folio, Rome, 1740. This work contains the extract from Covelluzzo, relating to the introduction of cards into Viterbo, in 1379, first pointed out by M. C. Leber.

The Humours of Whist; a Dramatic Satire: as acted every day at White's, and other Coffee-houses and Assemblies. 8vo, London, 1743.

A Letter to a Lady on Card-playing on the Lord's Day. 8vo, London, 1748.

Longuerana. Tom. i, p. 408. 12mo, Berlin, 1754.

Recherches sur les Cartes à jouer, par Bullet. 12mo, Lyon, 1757.

H. J. Clodii Bibliotheca Lusoria, sive Notitia Scriptorum de Ludis. 8vo, 1761.

Meerman, Origines Typographicæ. Vol. I. 4to, 1765.

Traité historique et pratique de la Gravure en Bois, par J. M. Papillon. Tom. i, p. 80. 8vo, Paris, 1766.

Burgh on the Dignity of Human Nature. Vol. II, p. 164-6. 8vo, 1767.

Coutumes d'Italie, par Baretti. Vol. II. London, 1768.

Encyclopédie des Arts et Métiers (Art du Cartier), par Duhamel du Monceau. 4to, 1771-76.

Idée générale d'une Collection d'Estampes, par le Baron de Heineken. 8vo, Leipsic, 1771.

Recueil des Actes sur la Régie du Droit des Cartes. 4to, Paris, 1771.

Il Giuoco del Carte, da Saverio Bettinelli. 8vo, Cremona, 1775.

C. G. Von Murr, Journal zur Kunstgeschichte, 2ter Theil, s. 89-92; 98; 200. 12mo, Nuremberg, 1776.

Explication du Jeu des Cartes, anecdote curieuse sous le nom de Louis Bras-de-fer. 12mo, 1778. The original of the story of the soldier who used a pack of cards for his prayer-book.

Sur la Passion du Jeu, par Dusaulx. 8vo, Paris, 1779. Mons. Peignot says that this work seems to have produced but little effect; for in the following year a counsellor of parliament, M. Bergeret de Frouville, lost at one sitting 27,000 louis.

Eclaircissements sur l'Invention des Cartes à jouer, par l'Abbé Rive. 12mo, Paris, 1780.

Le Monde primitif, par Court de Gebelin, tom. viii, pp. 365-418. 4to, Paris, 1781.

Versuch den Ursprung der Spielkarten zu erforschen. Von J. G. I. Breitkopf. 4to, Leipsic, 1784.

A Dissertation on the pernicious effects of Gaming. By Richard Hey, LL.D. 8vo, Cambridge, 1784.

Archæologia, vol. viii. Dissertations on the History of Playing Cards, by Barrington, Bowle, and Gough. 4to, London, 1787. In Vol. XV of the same work there is an Account of the Italian game of Minchiate.

Whist: a Poem, in twelve cantos. By Alex. Thomson, Esq. 12mo, second edition, London, 1792.

Leçons sur l'Histoire universelle, depuis le commencement du XVIe Siècle par M. Fant, Professeur à l'Université d'Upsal, 1780-93. In this work the author speaks of the engraving of cards as having led to the invention of printing.

Decret de la Convention, dite Nationale de France, du 22 Octobre, 1793, qui enjoint aux municipalités Françaises de purger les cartes à jouer de tous les emblèmes de la royauté et de la féodalité.

Materiali per servire all' Storie dell' Origine e de' Progressi dell' Incisioue in Rame e in Legno, col. da Pietro Zani, pp. 78-81, et 149-93. 8vo, Parma, 1802.

The Monthly Repository of Theology and General Literature. Vol. I, pp. 534, 644-50. On the Propriety of Dissenting Ministers playing at Cards. 8vo, 1806.

Essai sur l'Origine de la Gravure en Bois et en Taille-douce, par Henri Jansen. 8vo, Paris, 1808.

Le Peintre-Graveur, par Adam Bartsch, tom. x, pp. 70-120, et tom. xiii, pp. 120-38. 8vo, Vienna, 1812.

Aperçu du Jeu des Tarots, ou Jeu de la Vie, &c., par Durand. 12mo, Metz, 1813.

Hindostanee Cards. In the Calcutta Magazine, vol. ii. 8vo, Calcutta, 1815.

Researches into the History of Playing Cards; with Illustrations of the Origin of Printing and Engraving on Wood. By Samuel Weller Singer. 4to, London, 1816.

Mélanges d'Origines étymologiques et de Questions grammaticales, par Eloi Johanneau. P. 35, Sur l'Origine étymologique du Nom Espagnol et Italien des Cartes à jouer. 8vo, Paris, 1818.

The Gaming Calendar, to which are added the Annals of Gaming. By Seymour Harcourt, Esq. 12mo, third edition, London, 1820.

Geschichte der Holzschneidekunst; nebst zwei Beilagen enthaltend den Ursprung der Spielkarten und ein Verzeichness der samt xylographischen Werke, von Joseph Heller. 8vo, Bamberg, 1823.

Analyse critique et raisonnée de toutes les Recherches publiées jusqu'à ce jour sur l'Origine des Cartes à jouer, par G. Peignot (à la suite de ses Recherches sur les Danses de Mort.) 8vo, Dijon, 1826.

Catalogue raisonné of the select collection of engravings of an Amateur, (Mr. T. Wilson) pp. 87-91. 4to, London, 1828.

Manuel du Cartonnier, du Cartier, et du Fabricant de Cartonnages. Par M. Lebrun, pp. 189-237. 16mo, Paris, 1830.

Memorie spettanti alla storià délia Calcografia, dal conte Leopold Cicognara. 8vo, Prata, 1831.

Origine Française de la Boussole et des Cartesà jouer, par Rey. 8vo, Paris, 1836.

Observations sur les Cartes à jouer, par M. Duchesne ainé, extraites de l'Annuaire Historique pour 1837. 12mo, Paris, 1836.

Gaming, and the Gaming Houses of London and Paris, or Les Maisons des Jeux dévoilées. By Scrutator. 8vo, London, 1836.

A Treatise on Wood Engraving. (By Wm. A. Chatto.) P. 52-9. Royal 8vo. Published by Charles Knight and Co., London, 1839.—Copies of this work without the Third Preface are incomplete.

Catalogue des livres, dessins, cartes, etc., de M. C. Leber. 8vo, Paris, 1839. The list of works on cards, and of old cards collected by Mons. Leber, is in tom. i, p. 240 et seq.

Etudes historiques sur les Cartes à jouer, principalement sur les Cartes Françaises. Par M. C. Leber. Extrait du tome xvi des Mémoires de la Société Royale des Antiquaires de France. 8vo, Paris, 1842.

Notice Bibliographique sur les Cartes à jouer. 8vo, Paris, 1842.—A Translation from the 'Lehrbuch einer Literargeschichte der berühmtesten Volker des Mittelalters.' Von J. G. T. Grasse, Dresden, 1842, with additions, by Brunet, the younger.

Dictionnaire historique des Mœurs des Français, par La Chesnaye des Bois. Tom. i, p. 374.

Whist. By B. E. Pote. In the Foreign Quarterly Review, No. 48.

On the Costume of Coat Cards. By John Adey Repton. In the 'Gentleman's Magazine' for November, 1843.

Sur d'anciennes Cartes à jouer, par M. le Baron de Reiffenberg. Dans le Bulletin de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et des Beaux-arts de Bruxelles. No. 10, 1847.

Bibliotheca Antiquaria Fabricii.

Vindiciæ typographicæ, auctore Schœpflin.

Dissertation sur l'Origine et le Progrès de la Gravure en Bois, par Fournier.

Mémoire sur l'Origine de l'Imprimerie, par De Vigny.

Essais sur Paris, par Saint-Foix.

Traité de la Police, par De la Marre.

[INDEX.]

C. AND J. ADLARD, PRINTERS, BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE.