The History of Currency, 1252 to 1896

by William Arthur Shaw

CHAPTER I

From the Commencement of Gold Coinages to the Discovery of America, 1252-1492

Recommencement of gold coinages in Europe, [1]; in Italy, [3]; Germany, [6]; France, [9]; Flanders, [10]; Holland, Spain, and England, [11]; characteristics of the first period, [13]; general depreciation of the standard, [15]; monetary experience of Italy, [17]; the Florentine troubles, [18]; monetary experience of Spain, [23]; the Cortes of Valladolid, [24]; monetary experience of Germany, [25]; the Mint conventions, [26]; tables of the groschen and gulden, [30], [31]; monetary experience of France, [31]; arbitrary debasements, [32]; course of the monies under Philippe de Valois, [35]; the States-General of France, 1420, [37]; Charles VII., [38]; Louis XI. and Charles VIII., [39]; general statement of the ratio, [40]; monetary experience of England, [41]; Edward III.'s issues of gold, [42]; the measures of, 1353, [45]; complaints of 1381, and the monetary investigation, [50]; recoinage of 1414, [55]; recoinage of Henry VI., [58].