FOOTNOTES:
[a] Fam verò, Animum ipsum, Mentemque homines, Rationem, Consilium, Prudentiam, qui non divinâ curá perfecta esse perspicit, is his ipsis rebus mihi videtur carere. Cic. de Nat, Deor. l. 2. c. 59.
Sensum à Cælesti demissum traximus arce,
Cujus egent prona, & terram spectantia: mundi
Principio indulsit communis Conditur, illis
Tantùm Animas; nobis Animum quoque.
Juven. Sat. xv. v. 144.
Es cum non aliter possent mortalia singi.
Adjunxit geminas, illæ cum corpore lapsæ
Intereunt: hæc sola manet, bustoque superstes
Evolat.
Claud. de 4 Consul. Hon.
[c] Nam siquis nulli sectæ addictus, sed liberâ sententiâ rerum considerationem inierit, conspicatus in tantâ carnium ac succorum colluvie tantam mentem habitare; conspicatus item & cujusvis animalis constructionem (omnia enim declarans Opisicis Sapientiam) Mentis, quæ homini inest, excellentiam intelliget, tum opus de partium utilitate, quod prius exiguum esse sibi videbatur, perfectissimæ Theologiæ verum principium constituet; quæ Theologia multò est major atque præstantior totâ Medicinâ. Galen. de usu Part. L. 17. c. 1.
[d] Among many Examples that I could give of Persons famous for Memory, Seneca’s Account of himself may be one, Hanc [Memoriam] aliquando in me floruisse, ut non tantùm ad usum sufficeret, sed in miraculum usque procederet, non nego. Nam & 2000 nominum recitata, quo ordine erant dicta, reddebam: & ab his qui ad audiendum præceptorem nostrum convenerunt, singulos versus à singulis datos, cùm plures quàm 200 efficerentur, ab ultimo incipiens usque ad primum recitabam. After which, mention is made of the great Memory of Latro Porcius (charissimi mihi sodalis, Seneca calls him) who retained in his Memory all the Declamations he had ever spoken, and never had his Memory fail him, not so much as in one single Word. Also he takes Notice of Cyneas, Ambassador to the Romans from King Pyrrhus, who in one Day had so well learnt the Names of his Spectators, that postero die novus homo & Senatum, & omnem urbanam circumfusam Senatui plebem, nominibus suis persalutavit. Senec. controvers. L. 1. init. Vid. quoque Plin. L. 7. c. 24. where he also adds other Examples, viz. Cyrus rex omnibus in exercitu suo militibus nomina reddidit; L. Scipio populo Rom. Mithidrates 22 gentium rex, totidem linguis jura dedit, pro concione singulas sine interprete affatus. Charmidas (seu potiùs Carneades)——quæ quis exegerat volumina in bibliothecis, legentis modo repræsentavit.
Diversis etenim gaudet natura ministris,
Ut fieri diversa queant ornantia terras.
Nec patitur cunctos ad eandem currere metam,
Sed varias jubet ire vias, variosque labores
Suscipere, ut vario cultu sit pulchrior orbis.
Paling. in Scorp.
Οἵτως ὀυ παντεπι Θεὸς χαρίεντα δίδωσι Ἀνδράσιν, &c. Ita non omnibus hominibus sua dona dat Deus, neque bonam indolem, neque prudentiam, nec eloquentiam: alius namque vultum habet deformem; sed Deus formam eloquentiâ ornat, &c. Homer. Odys. 8. The like also in Iliad. L. 13.
[f] Although Solomon declares, Eccles. xii. 12. That much Study is a Weariness to the Flesh; yet we see with what Pleasure and Assiduity many apply themselves to it. Thus Cicero tells of Cato, whom he casually found in Lucullus’s Library, M. Catonem vidi in Bibliothecâ sedentem, multis circumfusum Stoicorum libris. Erat enim, ut scis, in eo inexhausta aviditas legendi, nec satiari poterat: quippe ne reprehensionem quidem vulgi inanem reformidans, in ipsa curiâ soleret legere sæpe, dum senatus cogeretur——ut Heluo librorum——videbatur. Cicer. de finib. L. 3. c. 2.
[g] Mentem hominis, quamvis eam non videas, ut Deum non vides, tamen ut Deum agnoscis ex operibus ejus, sic ex memoriâ rerum, & Inventione, & celeritate motûs, omnique pulchritudine virtutis vim divinam mentis agnoscito. Cicer. Tusc. Quæst. L. 1. c. 29.
[h] Gen. iv. 2.
[] ℣. 20.
[k] ℣. 22.
[l] Σφυροκόπος, the LXX call him, i.e. A Worker with an Hammer.
[m] ℣. 21.
[n] Although the Quadrature of the Circle, hath in former Ages exercis’d some of the greatest mathematical Wits; yet nothing has been done in that Way so considerable, as in, and since the Middle of the last Century; when in the Year 1657, those very ingenious and great Men, Mr William Neile, and my Lord Brounker, and Sir Christopher Wren afterwards, in the same Year, geometrically demonstrated the Equality of some Curves to a strait Line. Soon after which, others at Home, and Abroad, did the like in other Curves. And not long afterwards, this was brought under an analytical Calculus: The first Specimen whereof, that was ever publish’d. Mr. Mercator gave in 1688, in a Demonstration of my Lord Brounker’s Quadrature of the Hyperbola, by Dr Wallis’s Reduction of a Fraction, into an infinite Series by Division. But the penetrating Genius of Sir Isaac Newton, had discover’d a Way of attaining the Quantity of all quadrible Curves analytically, by his Method of Fluxions, some Time before the Year 1668, as I find very probable from an historical Account, in a long Letter of Mr. Collins, written in his own Hand, and sent to Richard Townley, Esq; of Lancashire, whose Papers are in my Hands. In that Letter, Mr. Collins saith, That in September 1668, Mr. Mercator publish’d his Logarithmotechnia, one of which he soon sent to Dr. Barrow, who thereupon sent him up some Papers of Mr. Newton’s, [now Sir Isaac;] by which, and former Communications made thereof by the Author, to the Doctor; it appears that the said Method was invented some Years before, by the said Mr. Newton, and generally apply’d. And then he goes on to give some Account of the Method; what it performs in the Circle, &c. what Mr. Gregory had done in that kind, who intended to publish somewhat in Latin about it, but would not anticipate Mr. Newton, the first Inventor thereof; with much more of this Nature. The Design, I find, of that indefatigable Promoter of Mathematicks, Mr. Collins, was to acquaint Mr. Townley, in his Letter, with what had been done; and to get the Assistance of that ingenious Gentleman, towards the compleating a Body of Algebra.
[o] I do not mention here the perpetual Motion, which hath exercis’d the mechanical Wits for many Ages; because it is a Thing impossible, if not a Contradiction: As the before-commended Dr. Clarke asserts in Rohaul. Phys. p. 133.
[p] Grew’s Cosmol. Sacr. l. 1. c. 5. §. 25.
[q] Nemo igitur vir magnus sine aliquo afflatu divino unquam fuit. Cic. de Nat. Deor. l. 2. c. 66.
[r] Ægypt, and some of the eastern Nations, are celebrated for their Skill in polite Literature: both in Scripture and profane story: Job was of those Parts; so were the Σοφοὶ and Μάγοι, the Brachmans and Gymnosophists. Moses and Daniel had their Education in these Parts: And Pythagoras, Democritus, and others, travell’d into these Parts for the Sake of their Learning.
[] As we are not to accuse any falsly; so far be it from me to detract from so great a Man as Monsieur Cartes was: Whose Principles, although many have perverted to atheistical Purposes, and whose Notions have, some of them, but an ill Aspect; yet I am unwilling to believe he was an Atheist; since in his Principia Philosiphiæ, and other of his Works, he vindicates himself from this Charge; and frequently shews seemingly a great Respect for Religion: Besides, That many of his suspicious Opinions are capable of a favourable Interpretation, which will make them appear in a better Form: Thus when he discardeth final Causes from his Philosophy, it is not a Denial of them; but only excluding the Consideration of them, for the Sake of free philosophising; it being the Business of a Divine, rather than a Philosopher, to treat of them.
[t] For Ages of Learning and Ignorance, we may compare the present, and some of the Ages before the Reformation. The last Century, and the few Years of this, have had the Happiness to be able to vie with any Age for the Number of learned Men of all Professions, and the Improvement made in all Arts and Sciences; too many, and too well known to need a Specification.
But for Ignorance, we may take the ninth Age, and so down to the Reformation; even as low as Queen Elizabeth, although Learning began to flourish; yet we may guess how Matters stood, even among the Clergy, by her 53 Injunct. Nᵒ. 1559, Such as are but mean Readers, shall peruse over before, once or twice, the Chapters and Homilies, to the Intent they may read to the better Understanding of the People, the more Encouragement of Godliness. Spar. Collect. p. 82. But this is nothing, in comparison to the Ages before, when the Monk said, Græcum non est legi; or as Espencæus more elegantly hath it, Gracè nôsse suspectum, Hebraicè prope Hæreticum. Which Suspicion, (said the learned Hakewill,) Rhemigius surely was not guilty of, in commenting upon diffamatus, 1 Thes. i. 8. who saith, that St. Paul somewhat improperly put that for divulgatus, not being aware that St. Paul wrote in Greek, and not in Latin. Nay, so great was their Ignorance, not only of Greek, but of Latin too, that a Priest baptiz’d in nomine Patria, & Filia, & Spiritua sancta. Another suing his Parishioners for not paving his Church, prov’d it from Jer. xvii. 18. Paveant illi, non paveam ego. Some Divines in Erasmus’s Time, undertook to prove Hereticks ought to be burnt, because the Apostle said, Hæreticum devita. Two Fryars disputing about a Plurality of Worlds, one prov’d it from Annon decem sunt facti mundi? The other reply’d, Sed ubi sunt novem? And notwithstanding their Service was read in Latin, yet so little was that understood, that an old Priest in Hen. VIII. read Mumpsimus Domine, for Sumpsimus: And being admonish’d of it, he said, he had done so for thirty Years, and would not leave his old Mumpsimus for their new Sumpsimus. Vid. Hakew. Apol. L. 3. c. 7. Sect. 2.
[] There is (it seems) in Wits and Arts, as in all Things beside, a kind of circular Progress: They have their Birth, their Growth, their Flourishing, their Failing, their Fading; and within a while after, their Resurrection, and Reflourishing again. The Arts flourished for a long Time among the Persians, the Chaldæans, the Ægyptians.——But afterwards the Grecians got the start of them, and are now become as barbarous themselves, as formerly they esteemed all besides themselves to be. About the Birth of Christ, Learning began to flourish in Italy, and spread all over Christendom; till the Goths, Huns, and Vandals ransacked the Libraries, and defaced almost all the Monuments of Antiquity: so that the Lamp of Learning seemed to be put out for near the Space of 1000 Years, till the first Mansor, king of Africa and Spain, raised up, and spurred forward the Arabian Wits, by great Rewards and Encouragement. Afterwards Petrarch opened such Libraries as were undemolished. He was seconded by Boccace, and John of Ravenna, and soon after by Aretine, Philelphus, Valla, &c. And those were followed by Æneas Sylvius, Angelus Politianus, Hermolaus Barbarus, Marsilius Ficinus, and Joh. Picus, of Mirandula. These were backed by Rud. Agricola, Reucline, Melancthon, Joach. Camerarius, Wolphlazius, Beat. Rhenanus, Almaines; By Erasmus of Rotterdam; Vives a Spaniard; Bembus, Sadoletus, Eugubinus, Italians: Turnebus, Muretus, Ramus, Pithæus, Budæus, Amiot, Scaliger, Frenchmen; Sir Tho. More and Linaker, Englishmen. And about this Time, even those Northern Nations yielded their great Men; Denmark yielded Olaus Magnus, Holster, Tycho Brahe, and Hemingius; and Poland, Hosius, Frixius, and Crumerus. But to name the Worthies that followed these, down to the present Time, would be endless, and next to impossible. See therefore Hakewill’s Apolog. L. 3. c. 6. §. 2.
[w] Dr. Gilbert, the most learned and accurate Writer on the Magnet, shews, that its Attractive Virtue was known as early as Plato and Aristotle: but its Direction was a Discovery of later Ages. He saith, Superiori ævo 300 aut 400 labentibus annis, Motus Magneticus in Boream & Austrum repertus, aut ab hominibus rursus recognitus fuit. De Mag. L. 1. c. 1. But who the happy Inventer of this lucky Discovery was, is not known. There is some, not inconsiderable, Reason, to think our famous Country-man, Rog. Bacon, either discovered, or at least knew of it. But for its Use in Navigation, Dr. Gilbert saith, in regno Neapolitano Melphitani omnium primi (utì ferunt) pyxidem instruebant nauticam.——edocti à cive quodam Jol. Goia A. D. 1300. ibid. If the Reader hath a mind to see the Arguments for the Invention, being as old as Solomon’s or Plautus’s Time, or of much younger Date, he may consult Hakewill. ib. c. 10. §. 4. or Purchas Pilgr. L. 1. c. 1. §. 1.
As to the Magnetick Variation, Dr. Gilbert attributes the Discovery of it to Sebastian Cabott. And the Inclination, or Dipping of the Needle, was the Discovery of our ingenious Rob. Norman. And lastly, The Variation of the Variation was first found out by the ingenious Mr. H. Gellibrand. Astr. Prof. of Gresham-Col. about 1634. Vid. Gellibr. Disc. Math. on the Variat. of the Mag. Need. and its Variat. Anno 1635.
But since that, the before commended Dr. Halley, having formerly, in Philos. Trans. Nᵒ. 148, and 195, given a probable Hypothesis of the Variation of the Compass, did in the Year 1700, undertake a long and hazardous Voyage, as far as the Ice near the South Pole, in order to examine his said Hypothesis, and to make a System of the Magnetical Variations: Which being soon after published, has been since abundantly confirmed by the French, as may be seen in several of the late Memoirs de Physique & de Mathematique, publish’d by the French Academie des Sciences.
To these Discoveries, I hope the Reader will excuse me, if I add one of my own, which I deduced some Years ago, from some magnetical Experiments and Observations I made; which Discovery I also acquainted our Royal Society with some time since, viz. That as the common, horizontal Needle is continually varying up and down, towards the E. and W. so is the Dipping-Needle varying up and down, towards or fromwards the Zenith, with its Magnetick Tendency, describing a Circle round the Pole of the World, as I conceive, or some other Point. So that if we could procure a Needle so nicely made, as to point exactly according to its Magnetick Direction, it would, in some certain Number of Years, describe a Circle, of about 13 gr. Radius round the Magnetick Poles Northerly and Southerly. This I have for several Years suspected, and have had some Reason for it too, which I mentioned three or four Years ago at a Meeting of our Royal Society, but I have not yet been so happy to procure a tolerable good Dipping-Needle, or other proper one to my Mind, to bring the Thing to sufficient Test of Experience; as in a short Time I hope to do, having lately hit upon a Contrivance that may do the Thing.
[x] It is uncertain who was the Inventer of the Art of Printing, every Historian ascribing the Honour thereof to his own City or Country. Accordingly some ascribe the Invention of it to John Guttenburg, a Knight of Argentine, about 1440, and say, that Faustus was only his Assistant. Bertius ascribes it to Laurence John, of Harlem, and saith, Fust or Faust, stole from him both his Art and Tools. And to name no more, some attribute it to John Fust or Faust, and Peter Schoeffer (called by Fust in some of his Imprimaturs, Pet. de Gerneshem puer meus.) But there is now to be seen at Haerlem, a Book or two printed by Lau. Kofter, before any of these, viz. in 1430, and 1432. (See Mr. Ellis’s Letter to Dr. Tyson, in Phil. Trans. Nᵒ. 286.) But be the first Inventer who it will, there is however great Reason to believe, the Art receiv’d great improvements from Faust and his Son-in-Law Schoeffer, the latter being the Inventer of metalline Types, which were cut in Wood before, first in whole Blocks, and afterwards in single Types or Letters. See my learned Friend Mr. Wanley’s Observations, in Philos. Trans. Nᵒ. 288, and 310.
[y] Concerning the Antiquity and Invention of Clocks and Clock Work, I refer the Reader to a little Book, called the Artificial Clock-maker, chap. 6. Where there is some Account of the Ancients Inventions in Clock-Work, as Archimedes’s Sphere, Cresibius’s Clock, &c.
[z] The Invention of Telescopes, Hieron. Syrturus gives this Account of, Prodiit Anno 1609, Seu Genius, seu alter vir adhuc incognitus, Hollandi specie, qui Middelburgi in Zelandiâ convenit Job. Lippersein——Jussit perspicilla plura tam cava quam convexa, confeci. Condicto die rediit, absolutum opus cupiens, atque ut statim habuit præ manibus, bina suscipiens, cavum scil. & convexum, unum & alterum oculo admovebat, & sensim dimovebat sive ut punctum concursûs, sive ut artificis opus probaret, postea abiit. Artifex, ingenii minimè expers, & novitatis curiosus cœpit idem facere & imitari, &c. Vid. Mus. Worm. L. 4. c. 7.
[aa] Among the curious Inventions of the Ancients Archytas’s Dove was much famed; of which Aul. Gellius gives this Account: Scripserunt Simulachrum Columbæ è ligno ab Archytâ ratione quâdam disciplinâque mechanicâ factum, volâsse: Ita erat scilicet libramentis suspensum, & aurâ spiritûs inclusâ atque occultâ concitum. Noct. Attic. L. 10. c. 12. The same eminent Pythagoræan Philosopher (as Favorinus in Gellius calls him) is by Horace accounted a noble Geometrician too, Te maris & terræ, numeroque carentis arenæ Mensorum Archyta. Among the rest of his Inventions, Children’s Rattles are ascribed to him. Aristotle calls them Ἀρχύτου πλαταγὴ, Polit. 8. i.e. Archytas’s Rattle. And Diogenianus the Grammarian, gives the Reason of his Invention, Ἀρχύτου πλαταγὴ ἐπὶ τῶν, &c. That Archytas’s Rattle was to quiet Children; for he having Children, contrived the Rattle, which he gave them to prevent their [tumbling, διασαλεύσωσι] other Things about the House.
To these Contrivances of Archytas, we may add Regiomontanus’s Wooden Eagle, which flew forth of the City aloft in the Air, met the Emperor a good Way off, coming towards it, and having saluted him, return’d again, waiting on him to the City Gates. Also his Iron-fly, which at a Feast flew forth off his Hands, and taking a Round, returned thither again. Vid. Hakewill ub. supr. c. 10. §. 1.
As to other Inventions of the Ancients, such as of Letters, Brick and Tiles, and building Houses, with the Saw, Rule, and Plumber, the Lath, Augre, Glue, &c. also the making Brass, Gold, and other Metals; the use of Shields, Swords, Bows and Arrows, Boots, and other Instruments of War; the Pipe, Harp, and other Musical Instruments; the building of Ships and Navigation, and many other Things besides; the Inventors of these (as reported by ancient Heathen Authors) may be plentifully met with in Plin. Nat. Hist., L. 7. c. 56.
But in this Account of Pliny, we may observe whence the Ancients (even the Romans themselves in some measure) had their Accounts of these Matters, viz. from the fabulous Greeks, who were fond of ascribing every Thing to themselves. The Truth is (saith the most learned Bishop Stillingfleet) there is nothing in the World useful or beneficial to Mankind, but they have made a shift to find the Author of it among themselves. If we enquire after the Original of Agriculture, we are told of Ceres and Triptolemus; if of Pasturage, we are told of an Arcadian Pan; if of Wine, we presently hear of a Liber Pater; if of iron Instruments, then who but Vulcan? if of Musick, none like to Apollo. If we press them then with the History of other Nations, they are as well provided here; if we enquire an Account of Europe, Asia, or Libya; for the first we are told a fine Story of Cadmus’s Sister; for the second of Prometheus’s Mother of that Name; and for the third of a Daughter of Epaphus. And so the learned Author goes on with other particular Nations, which they boasted themselves to be the Founders of. Only the grave Athenians thought Scorn to have any Father assigned them, their only Ambition was to be accounted Aborigines & genuini Terræ. But the Ignorance and Vanity of the Greek History, that learned Author hath sufficiently refuted. Vid. Stilling. Orig. Sacr. Part. 1. B. 1. c. 4.
[bb] Whether Printing was invented in 1440, as many imagine, or was sooner practised, in 1430, or 1432, as Mr. Ellis’s Account of the Dutch Inscription in Phil. Trans. Nᵒ. 286. doth import; it is however manifest, how great an Influence (as it was natural) this Invention had in the promoting of Learning soon afterwards, mentioned before in [Note (x).] After which followed the Reformation about the Year 1517.
[cc] The Chinese being much addicted to Judicial Astrology, are great Observers of the Heavens, and the Appearances in them. For which Purpose they have an Observatory at Pekin, and five Mathematicians appointed to watch every Night; four towards the four Quarters of the World, and one towards the Zenith, that nothing may escape their Observation. Which Observations are the next Morning brought to an Office to be registred. But notwithstanding this their Diligence for many Ages, and that the Emperor hath kept in his Service above 100 Persons to regulate the Kalendar, yet are they such mean Astronomers, that they owe the Regulation of their Kalendar, the Exactness in calculating Eclipses, &c. to the Europeans; which renders the European Mathematicians so acceptable to the Emperor, that Father Verbiest and divers others, were not only made Principals in the Observatory, but put into Places of great Trust in the Empire, and had the greatest Honours paid them at their Deaths. Vid. La Comte Mem. of China. Letter 2d. &c.
[dd] 1 Tim. iv. 14. 2 Tim. i. 6.
[ee] Bishop Patrick in loc.
CHAP. II.
Of Man’s Body, particularly its Posture.
Having thus, as briefly as well I could, surveyed the Soul, let us next take a View of Man’s Body. Now here we have such a Multiplicity of the most exquisite Workmanship, and of the best Contrivance, that if we should strictly survey the Body from Head to Foot, and search only into the known Parts (and many more lie undiscovered) we should find too large and tedious a Task to be dispatched. I shall therefore have Time only to take a transient and general Kind of View of this admirable Machine, and that somewhat briefly too, being prevented by others, particularly two excellent Authors of our own[a], who have done it on the same Account as my self. And the
I. Thing that presents itself to our View, is the Erect Posture[] of Man’s Body; which is far the most, if not the only commodious Posture for a rational Creature, for him that hath Dominion over the other Creatures, for one that can invent useful Things, and practise curious Arts. For without this erect Posture, he could not have readily turned himself to every Business, and on every Occasion. His Hand[c] particularly could not have been in so great a Readiness to execute the Commands of the Will, and Dictates of the Soul. His Eyes would have been the most prone, and incommodiously situated of all Animals; but by this Situation, he can cast his Eyes upwards, downwards, and round about him; he hath a glorious Hemisphere of the Heavens[d], and an ample Horizon on Earth[e], to entertain his Eye.
And as this Erection of Man’s Body is the most compleat Posture for him; so if we survey the Provision made for it, we find all done with manifest Design, the utmost Art and Skill being employ’d therein. To pass by the particular Conformation of many of the Parts, the Ligaments and Fastnings to answer this Posture; as the Fastning, for Instance, of the Pericardium to the Diaphragm, (which is peculiar to Man[f]; I say, passing by a deal of this Nature, manifesting this Posture to be an Act of Design,) let us stop a little at the curious Fabrick of the Bones, those Pillars of the Body. And how artificially do we find them made, how curiously plac’d from the Head to Foot! The Vertebræ of the Neck and Back-bone[g], made short and complanated, and firmly braced with Muscles and Tendons, for easy Incurvations of the Body; but withal for greater Strength, to support the Body’s own Weight, together with other additional Weights it may have Occasion to bear. The Thigh-bones and Legs long, and strong, and every Way well fitted for the Motion of the Body. The Feet accommodated with a great Number of Bones, curiously and firmly tack’d together, to which must be added the Ministry of the Muscles[h], to answer all the Motions of the Legs and Thighs, and at the same Time to keep the Body upright, and prevent its falling, by readily assisting against every Vacillation thereof, and with easy and ready Touches keeping the Line of Innixion, and Center of Gravity in due Place and Posture[].
And as the Bones are admirably adapted to prop; so all the Parts of the Body are as incomparably plac’d to poise it. Not one Side too heavy for the other; but all in nice Æquipoise: The Shoulders, Arms, and Side æquilibrated on one Part; on the other Part the Viscera of the Belly counterpois’d with the Weight of the scapular Part, and that useful Cushion of Flesh behind.
And lastly, To all this we may add the wonderful Concurrence, and Ministry of the prodigious Number and Variety of Muscles, plac’d throughout the Body for this Service; that they should so readily answer to every Posture; and comply with every Motion thereof, without any previous Thought or Reflex act, so that (as the excellent Borelli[k] saith), “It is worthy of Admiration, that in so great a Variety of Motions, as running, leaping, and dancing, Nature’s Laws of Æquilibration should always be observed; and when neglected, or wilfully transgressed, that the Body must necessarily and immediately tumble down.”