TABLES.

Table 1.—Classification of the first generation of offspring in the plus selection series. At the head of each column is indicated the grade of the individuals recorded in that column. The figures in the body of the table indicate the numbers of offspring of the several grades indicated.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
+1 2 3
1⅞ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1.82 .05
2 4 1 3 1 4 1 4 18 1.76 .24
2⅛
3 1 3 1 6 2 2 2 20 1.87 .38
2⅜
5 3 1 13 1 8 5 1 37 2.06 .44
2⅝ 1 1 2 1 5 2.15 .47
7 3 2 17 1 12 9 51 2.12 .63
2⅞
3 2 3 1 3 3 12 2.35 .65
Totals or means, 2.51 20 3 13 8 44 7 31 10 4 150 2.05 .46

Table 2.—Classification of offspring in generation 2, plus selection series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
-1 0 ½ ¾ 1 2 3
2 1 1 4 2 5 7 3 7 8 2 3 2 1 46 1.70 .30
2⅛ 1 1 2 1 3 5 12 8 5 5 8 2 1 2 56 1.28 .82
1 1 3 1 1 1 8 1.87 .38
2⅜ 1 1 4 9 7 8 8 6 1 45 1.92 .45
4 22 16 19 11 21 13 7 10 9 1 133 1.80 .70
2⅝ 1 2 3 1 6 5 7 9 6 3 1 44 2.11 .51
1 3 4 2 6 5 9 6 9 6 1 52 1.92 .83
2⅞ 1 1 3 5 3 9 1 23 2.41 .46
3 1 2 3 2 14 7 4 5 11 6 3 1 59 2.47 .53
2 1 2 5 2.50 .62
Totals or means, 2.52 1 - 2 1 4 1 5 16 45 37 45 45 77 57 44 48 30 9 3 1 471 1.92 .60

Table 3.—Classification of offspring in generation 3, plus selection series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
¾ 1 2 3 4
2⅛ 1 1 5 6 4 1 3 21 2.06 .06
2⅜ 5 5 1 4 2 17 2.15 .22
1 2 1 2 5 5 10 10 9 7 2 54 2.32 .18
2⅝ 2 1 3 9 4 5 15 18 3 1 2 1 64 2.64 -.02
2 1 7 10 7 7 7 1 1 43 2.46 .29
2⅞ 1 7 3 7 9 10 9 1 47 2.70 .17
3 2 1 12 14 11 17 11 3 71 2.49 .51
3⅛ 2 5 1 2 10 3.07 .05
1 2 1 2 6 3.17 .08
3⅜ 2 1 3 2 8 2.91 .46
Totals or means, 2.73 1 2 5 8 20 51 46 47 66 63 21 6 4 1 341 2.51 .22

Table 4.—Classification of offspring, generation 4, plus selection series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
¾ 1 2 3
2 2 4 3 11 2.55 .05
2⅝
3 3 2 3 4 3 18 2.65 .10
2⅞ 1 3 3 7 15 4 3 2 37 2.97 .10
3 1 1 7 12 25 19 35 29 9 4 1 143 2.60 .40
3⅛ 1 2 11 14 21 28 30 11 2 2 122 2.69 .43
1 1 6 8 13 17 9 8 1 64 2.89 .36
3⅜ 1 6 2 3 9 2 23 2.70 .67
3 1 2 3 6 2 3 20 3.02 .48
3⅝
3 1 1 1 6 2.75 1.00
Totals or means, 3.09 1 1 1 2 12 30 60 58 96 110 45 19 9 444 2.73 .36

Table 5.—Classification of generation 5, plus selection series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
¾ 1 2 3 4
1 2 4 4 1 12 3.00 -.25
2⅞ 4 4 4 2 3 2 2 21 2.87 0
3 1 5 3 2 3 1 15 2.81 .19
3⅛ 1 1 1 1 8 9 14 20 29 18 8 3 1 114 2.81 .31
1 1 1 4 12 6 14 24 39 27 7 1 1 138 2.81 .44
3⅜ 1 1 5 14 11 25 36 28 15 7 2 145 2.94 .43
6 5 10 14 16 8 8 3 69 2.86 .64
3⅝ 3 3 5 7 16 12 11 4 3 64 3.08 .54
2 2 4 3 2 1 14 3.07 .68
3⅞ 1 1 1 1 2 2 8 3.35 .52
4 1 1 1 1 2 1 7 3.36 .64
4⅛ 1 1 1 3 3.00 1.12
Totals or means, 3.33 1 2 2 2 6 35 44 66 101 151 107 57 24 11 1 610 2.90 .43

Table 6.—Classification of generation 6, plus selection series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
2 3 4
3 1 1 2
3⅛ 3 4 1 1 4 7 5 3 28 2.84 .28
1 3 3 8 26 31 31 24 15 1 143 3.10 .15
3⅜ 1 5 6 13 20 28 30 14 5 123 2.96 .41
1 9 4 15 29 49 41 43 17 4 212 3.10 .40
3⅝ 4 8 11 24 34 36 37 21 5 1 181 3.16 .46
1 1 2 1 3 4 18 13 20 13 2 78 3.22 .53
3⅞ 4 1 3 5 14 15 20 14 4 80 3.26 .61
4 1 2 1 5 4 1 14 3.41 .59
Totals or means, 3.52 3 5 32 24 54 113 183 172 166 90 17 1 861 3.11 .41

Table 7.—Classification of generation 7, plus selection series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
2 3 4
3⅛ 2 2 4 5 7 4 3 1 28 2.87 .25
1 6 11 7 11 30 19 22 23 1 131 3.09 .16
3⅜ 1 2 10 18 17 21 27 18 21 20 4 1 160 2.97 .40
6 9 9 21 31 28 35 34 3 1 177 3.18 .32
3⅝ 7 11 13 26 47 53 75 49 7 1 289 3.23 .39
2 3 3 16 28 25 58 42 4 3 184 3.35 .40
3⅞ 2 1 2 4 10 12 23 21 6 6 2 1 90 3.49 .38
4 1 1 3 2 4 3 1 15 3.53 .47
4⅛ 1 1 1 3 3.75 .50
Totals or means, 3.56 2 2 35 55 56 105 183 159 240 195 29 12 2 2 1077 3.20 .36

Table 8.—Classification of generation 8, plus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
2 3 4
2 2 4 3.25 0
3⅜
1 4 6 9 18 17 2 2 59 3.46 .04
3⅝ 1 2 9 13 30 69 44 144 149 22 1 484 3.50 .12
2 1 9 12 55 39 152 173 23 2 469 3.49 .26
3⅞ 1 2 4 23 18 98 69 19 2 1 238 3.53 .34
4 1 2 3 10 6 34 6 1 1 64 3.31 .69
4⅛ 2 5 2 14 13 14 10 60 3.72 .40
1 7 11 2 1 22 3.69 .56
4⅜ 2 5 1 8 3.96 .41
Totals or means, 3.75 1 5 13 25 55 170 119 469 440 88 20 1 1408 3.48 .27

Table 9.—Classification of generation 9, plus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
2 3 4
1 1 1 1 4 3.25 .25
3⅝ 1 1 6 12 28 26 96 63 10 1 244 3.43 .19
1 2 4 7 19 45 50 224 212 25 2 591 3.50 .25
3⅞ 2 5 25 32 105 177 64 8 6 424 3.65 .22
4 1 2 5 14 15 7 1 45 3.57 .43
4⅛ 2 4 1 7 3.57 .55
1 1 2 4 3.75 .50
4⅜ 3 3 3.50 .87
Totals or means, 3.78 1 3 5 17 38 105 110 443 473 109 11 7 1322 3.54 .24

Table 10.—Classification of generation 10, plus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
3 4 5
1 1 9 13 63 117 44 8 1 257 3.69 .06
3⅞ 1 3 3 16 95 142 62 20 5 347 3.72 .15
4 4 26 61 20 7 2 120 3.76 .24
4⅛ 11 17 7 6 1 2 44 3.87 .25
1 4 2 1 8 3.84 .41
Totals or means, 3.88 1 1 4 12 33 196 341 135 42 9 2 776 3.73 .15

Table 11.—Classification of generation 11, plus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
3 4 5
2 7 2 11 3.75 0
3⅞ 2 7 17 87 162 41 11 3 3 333 3.70 .17
4 3 2 25 87 65 24 6 1 1 214 3.87 .13
4⅛ 3 3 16 49 27 8 2 2 110 3.81 .31
2 13 5 3 1 1 25 3.91 .34
4⅜ 1 3 4 3.94 .43
Totals or means, 3.97 2 13 22 132 319 143 46 12 7 1 697 3.78 .19

Table 12.—Classification of generation 12, plus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
3 4 5
4 20 7 4 35 3.83 -.08
3⅞ 2 19 17 6 2 2 48 3.96 .09
4 1 1 10 53 59 12 5 1 1 2 145 3.93 .07
4⅛ 1 2 17 86 83 28 6 3 1 227 3.91 .21
1 7 19 29 11 3 1 71 3.94 .31
4⅜ 3 6 14 10 7 3 1 1 45 4.13 .24
1 4 1 1 7 4.14 .36
4⅝ 1 3 4 3 11 3.90 .72
5 1 1 4.75 .25
Totals or means, 4.09 1 3 3 43 207 217 75 23 11 4 3 590 3.94 .17

Table 13.—Classification of generation 13, plus selection series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
4
4 4 17 23 19 2 65 3.67 .31
4⅛ 1 8 16 5 1 31 3.97 .15
1 5 10 20 6 1 43 3.93 .32
4⅜ 1 5 3 1 10 3.85 .52
1 14 15 7 3 40 3.98 .52
4⅝ 3 1 1 5 3.95 .80
Totals or means, 4.22 1 4 25 63 74 21 5 1 194 3.88 .34

Table 14.—Summary of the results of thirteen generations of plus selection based on Tables 1-13.

Generation.No. of offspring.Mean, parents.Mean, offspring.Standard deviation, parents.Standard deviation, offspring.Correlation, parents-offspring.Absolute regression of offspring on parents.Advance of parents.Advance of offspring.
11502.512.05.313.541.298.46
24712.521.92.307.732.317.60.01-.13
33412.732.51.285.531.331.22.21.59
44443.092.73.215.468.066.36.36.22
56103.332.90.240.505.160.43.24.17
68613.523.11.209.490.180.41.19.21
71,0773.563.20.212.555.215.36.04.09
81,4083.753.48.246.439.099.27.19.28
91,3223.783.54.112.346.210.24.03.06
107763.883.73.112.362.116.15.10.19
116973.983.78.113.289.233.20.10.05
125904.093.94.176.302.161.15.11.16
131944.223.88.433.270.132.34.13-.06
Total8,941

Table 15.—Mean grade and number of offspring produced by parents of a particular grade in each generation of the plus selection series, based on Tables 1-13. The grade of the parents is indicated at the head of each column. In the body of the table is recorded the grade of the offspring (in light-faced figures) and the number of offspring (in heavy-faced figures).

Generation. Grade of parents; below, grade and number of their offspring. Total number of offspring.
2 2⅛ 2⅜ 2⅝ 2⅞ 3 3⅛ 3⅜ 3⅝ 3⅞ 4 4⅛ 4⅜ 4⅝
1 1.76 1.87 2.06 2.15 2.12 2.35
18 20 37 5 51 12
2 1.70 1.28 1.87 1.92 1.80 2.11 1.92 2.41 2.47 2.50
46 56 8 45 133 44 52 23 59 5
3 2.06 2.15 2.32 2.63 2.46 2.70 2.49 3.07 3.17 2.91
21 17 54 64 43 47 71 10 6 8
4 2.55 2.65 2.97 2.60 2.69 2.89 2.70 3.02 2.75
11 18 37 143 122 64 23 20 6
5 3.00 2.87 2.81 2.81 2.81 2.94 2.87 3.08 3.07 3.35 3.36 3.00
12 21 15 114 138 145 69 64 14 8 7 3
6 3.25 2.84 3.10 2.96 3.10 3.16 3.22 3.26 3.41
2 28 143 123 212 181 78 80 14
7 2.87 3.09 2.97 3.18 3.23 3.35 3.49 3.53 3.75
28 131 160 177 289 184 90 15 3 1,077
8 3.46 3.50 3.49 3.53 3.31 3.72 3.69 3.96
59 484 469 238 64 60 22 8 1,408
9 3.25 3.43 3.50 3.65 3.57 3.57 3.75 3.50
4 244 591 424 45 7 4 3 1,322
10 3.69 3.72 3.76 3.87 3.84
257 347 120 44 8 776
11 3.75 3.70 3.87 3.81 3.91 3.94
11 333 214 110 25 4 697
12 3.82 3.96 3.93 3.91 3.94 4.12 4.14 3.90 4.75
35 48 145 227 71 45 7 11 1 590
13 3.67 3.97 3.93 3.85 3.98 3.95
65 31 43 10 40 5 194
8,941

Table 16.—Classification of the offspring in generation 1 of the minus selection series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ¼ ½ ¾ 1 2
-1¼ 1 2 3 2 8 1.34 -.09
1⅜ 1 1 3 12 8 3 1 1 1 31 .86 .51
1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1.37 .13
1⅞ 1 1 2 2 3 1 10 1.05 .82
Totals or means, 1.46 2 1 4 1 15 13 4 8 5 2 55 1.00 .46

Table 17.—Classification of generation 2, minus selection series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ½ ¾ 1 2
¾ 1 2 2 1 6 2 3 2 19 1.04 -.29
1⅛ 2 2 2 2 3 1 12 1.05 .07
4 6 3 3 1 17 1.18 .07
1⅜ 1 1 1 2 5 1.45 -.08
1 10 13 1 8 4 37 1.11 .39
1⅝ 1 1 1 3 .67 .95
1 1 2 14 4 3 1 1 27 1.09 .66
1⅞ 1 1 1 2 3 1 3 12 1.10 .77
Totals or means, 1.41 2 3 6 6 20 44 13 19 14 5 132 1.07 .34

Table 18.—Classification of generation 3, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ½ ¾ 1 2
-1⅛ 2 1 1 1 5 .85 .27
1 3 6 5 1 2 1 1 20 1.05 .20
1⅜ 1 3 4 11 3 4 2 28 1.03 .34
1 1 12 1 5 5 3 28 1.31 .19
1⅝ 1 1 1 10 10 5 8 8 4 48 1.22 .40
1 2 8 19 9 9 7 8 63 1.26 .49
1⅞ 3 3 1.00 .87
Totals or means, 1.56 1 4 12 30 61 19 29 23 16 195 1.18 .38

Table 19.—Classification of generation 4, minus selection series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ½ ¾ 1 2
-1¼ 1 1 1 1 4 1.56 -.31
1⅜ 2 3 4 8 3 1 2 6 29 1.16 .21
1 1 3 2 7 7 6 8 16 8 59 1.31 .19
1⅝ 1 4 10 4 8 7 6 40 1.36 .26
4 4 6 19 11 16 22 11 93 1.34 .41
1⅞ 2 1 2 6 1 10 19 12 17 19 5 1 95 1.18 .69
2 1 2 3 1 2 9 1.36 .64
Totals or means, 1.69 2 2 3 16 10 32 66 39 51 68 39 1 329 1.28 .41

Table 20.—Classification of generation 5, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ½ ¾ 1 2
2 1 4 5 3 4 1 20 1.09 -.22
1 2 1 1 4 .99 .01
1⅜ 4 1 1 6 2 10 14 11 2 51 1.50 -.13
1 3 9 9 11 7 7 5 1 53 1.25 .25
1⅝ 1 1 5 12 4 15 12 4 54 1.35 .27
9 14 29 50 30 50 55 24 1 262 1.30 .45
1⅞ 4 11 12 29 50 31 6 143 1.64 .23
2 1 2 11 14 5 19 28 25 4 109 1.52 .48
2⅛ 1 2 2 5 1.80 .32
Totals or means, 1.73 3 18 21 63 108 64 134 172 104 13 1 701 1.41 .32

Table 21.—Classification of generation 6, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ½ ¾ 1 2
-1⅛ 1 1 2 1 5 .85 .27
1⅜ 1 1 1 1 4 1.44 -.07
1 3 4 4 4 6 2 24 1.34 .16
1⅝ 1 1 11 16 3 17 28 17 94 1.45 .17
1 1 8 14 39 20 39 77 43 2 244 1.49 .26
1⅞ 1 9 24 61 40 71 156 127 12 1 502 1.59 .28
2 1 3 5 12 32 22 37 89 76 5 1 283 1.58 .42
2⅛ 2 4 4 5 35 31 4 85 1.52 .60
2 5 3 1 11 1.82 .68
Totals or means, 1.86 3 6 25 66 159 94 177 396 300 22 4 1252 1.56 .30

Table 22.—Classification of generation 7, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ¼ ½ ¾ 1 2
1⅝ 1 1 2 1 5 1.55 .07
1 2 1 1 6 11 9 1 32 1.67 .08
1⅞ 2 1 6 4 35 20 47 99 106 6 3 1 330 1.65 .22
2 8 14 51 60 119 368 324 22 3 969 1.72 .28
2⅛ 1 2 3 14 10 30 92 104 4 260 1.74 .38
5 10 19 6 1 41 1.93 .32
2⅜ 2 2 4 1.63 .74
1 4 10 15 1.88 .62
2⅝ 1 3 8 5 1 18 2.28 .09
3 3 6 1.87 .88
Totals or means, 2.01 2 2 17 24 101 92 211 594 584 43 8 2 1680 1.73 .28

Table 23.—Classification of generation 8, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ½ ¾ 1 2
1⅞ 1 9 8 1 19 1.84 .03
2 6 8 38 22 122 550 423 21 9 3 1202 1.81 .19
2⅛ 1 3 12 7 31 118 187 32 2 3 396 1.86 .26
1 2 19 20 3 45 1.87 .38
2⅜ 1 1 11 17 30 1.87 .50
3 6 15 4 28 1.93 .57
2⅝ 3 2 1 6 1.67 .95
Totals or means, 2.05 1 6 11 52 30 162 715 671 61 11 6 1726 1.80 .25

Table 24.—Classification of generation 9, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
½ ¾ 1 2
2 1 13 4 36 268 420 55 10 4 811 1.90 .10
2⅛ 1 1 25 110 218 40 7 1 403 1.93 .19
1 1 7 43 77 12 6 1 148 1.93 .32
2⅜ 1 1 7 61 89 12 4 175 1.91 .46
1 2 6 23 14 5 2 53 2.07 .43
2⅝ 1 1 2.00 .62
Totals or means, 2.11 1 1 16 7 77 488 828 133 32 8 1591 1.92 .19

Table 25.—Classification of generation 10, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
-1 2 3
2 1 2 13 120 287 43 7 2 2 1 478 1.96 .04
2⅛ 2 1 15 100 251 78 22 4 1 474 2.00 .12
5 45 92 58 13 4 217 2.05 .20
2⅜ 1 4 16 60 29 6 3 119 2.05 .32
9 27 19 10 2 67 2.13 .37
2⅝ 1 5 17 17 8 1 49 2.15 .47
1 1 8 10 6 1 27 1.95 .80
2⅞ 1 1 2 3 6 5 2 20 2.19 .68
Totals or means, 2.18 3 6 40 305 747 256 72 17 3 2 1451 2.01 .17

Table 26.—Classification of generation 11, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
-1 2 3
2 7 26 14 3 1 51 2.08 .08
2⅛ 4 20 75 45 26 12 1 183 2.15 -.03
1 12 49 111 76 50 13 6 318 2.13 .12
2⅜ 2 1 4 24 112 66 33 20 4 2 268 2.16 .21
1 4 32 21 16 7 81 2.21 .29
2⅝ 1 3 18 15 11 4 52 2.20 .42
1 4 9 4 3 1 1 2 1 26 2.26 .49
2⅞ 2 2 1 5 1.95 .92
Totals or means, 2.30 3 2 22 113 385 242 142 57 12 5 1 984 2.15 .15

Table 27.—Classification of generation 12, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
1 2 3
2 2 7 1 10 1.98 .02
2⅛ 1 6 65 26 15 4 1 118 2.14 -.02
1 2 16 67 45 29 6 155 2.15 .10
2⅜ 1 21 116 64 24 3 1 230 2.11 .26
1 12 81 75 53 17 3 242 2.24 .26
2⅝ 5 38 36 37 12 8 1 137 2.32 .30
8 7 14 10 3 42 2.45 .30
2⅞ 1 7 9 14 15 7 53 2.51 .36
3 5 5 5 10 5 2 1 35 2.65 .35
Totals or means, 2.44 1 5 63 394 268 191 83 27 3 2 1037 2.23 .21

Table 28.—Classification of generation 13, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
2 3
3 30 12 17 4 1 67 2.22 .03
2⅜ 4 40 50 46 24 5 1 170 2.35 .02
4 32 34 47 26 8 2 1 154 2.40 .10
2⅝ 2 11 21 41 28 3 2 108 2.47 .15
1 5 2 9 7 6 1 31 2.56 .19
2⅞ 4 7 8 6 1 26 2.43 .44
3 3 1 5 5 1 15 2.50 .50
Totals or means, 2.50 14 125 127 173 100 25 6 1 571 2.39 .11

Table 29.—Summary of the results of thirteen generations of minus selection, based on Tables 16-28.

Generation.No. of offspring.Mean, parents.Mean, offspring.Standard deviation, parents.Standard deviation, offspring.Correlation, parents-offspring.Absolute regression of offspring on parents.Advance of parents.Advance of offspring.
151.461.00.208.515.46
2131.411.07.342.493-.033.34-.05.07
3191.561.18.196.484.206.38.15.11
4321.691.28.190.460.020.41.13.10
5701.731.41.233.500.184.32.04.13
61,251.861.56.185.488.164.30.13.15
71,682.011.73.132.352.143.28.15.17
81,722.051.80.107.283.094.25.04.07
91,592.111.92.184.285.059.19.06.12
101,452.182.01.255.242.158.17.07.09
11982.302.15.229.349.081.15.12.14
121,032.442.23.310.372.406.07.14.08
13572.502.39.177.317.235.11.06.16
Total11,704

Table 30.—Mean grade and number of offspring produced by parents of a particular grade in each generation of the minus selection series, based on Tables 16-28. The grade of the parents is indicated at the head of each column. In the body of the table is recorded the mean grade of the offspring (in light-faced figures) and the number of offspring (in heavy-faced figures).

Generation. Grade of parents; below, grade and number of their offspring. Total number of offspring.
1⅜ 1⅝ 1⅞ 2 2⅛ 2⅜ 2⅝ 2⅞ 3
1 1.34 .85 1.37 1.05
8 31 6 10 55
2 1.17 1.45 1.11 0.67 1.09 1.10
17 5 37 3 27 12 132
3 1.05 1.04 1.31 1.22 1.26 1.96
20 28 28 48 63 3 195
4 1.56 1.16 1.31 1.36 1.34 1.18 1.36
4 29 59 40 93 95 9 329
5 1.50 1.25 1.35 1.30 1.64 1.52 1.80
51 53 54 262 143 109 5 701
6 1.34 1.46 1.49 1.59 1.58 1.52 1.82
24 94 244 502 283 85 11 1,252
7 1.55 1.67 1.65 1.72 1.74 1.93 1.62 1.88 2.28 1.87
5 32 330 969 260 41 4 15 18 6 1,680
8 1.84 1.81 1.86 1.87 1.87 1.92 1.67
19 1170 377 36 30 17 6 1,726
9 1.90 1.93 1.93 1.91 2.07
811 403 148 175 53 1,591
10 1.96 2.00 2.04 2.05 2.13 2.15 1.95 2.18
478 474 217 119 67 49 27 20 1,451
11 2.08 2.15 2.13 2.16 2.21 2.20 2.26 1.95
51 183 318 268 81 52 26 5 984
12 1.98 2.14 2.15 2.11 2.24 2.32 2.45 2.51 2.65
10 118 166 230 242 137 42 53 35 1,037
13 2.22 2.35 2.40 2.47 2.55 2.43 2.50
67 170 154 108 31 26 15 571
11,704

Table 31.—Results of a first return selection from generation 6, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ¼ ½ ¾ -1 -1¼ -1½ -1¾ -2
2 1 3 4 8 8 26 1.08 -.60
2 2 3 4 10 14 17 20 4 76 1.33 -.71
¾ 1 1 2 1 5 1.30 -.65
2 2 1 4 2 11 1.41 -.63
Totals or means, .60 2 4 6 5 16 18 28 33 6 118 1.28 -.68

Table 32.—Results of a second return selection from generation 6, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ½ ¾ -1 -1¼ -1½
½ 1 3 4 5 2 4 19 .95 -.45

Table 33.—Results of a third return selection from generation 6, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ¼ ½ ¾ -1 -1¼ -1½ -1¾ -2
¼ 5 2 2 3 1 13 .63 -.38
2 2 3 5 4 2 3 21 .86 -.49
-1⅛ 1 2 3 4 3 13 1.61 -.49
-1¼ 1 2 4 9 8 5 2 31 1.35 -.10
Totals or means, .83 2 7 6 9 12 11 14 12 5 78 1.14 -.31

Table 34.—Results of a fourth return selection from generation 6, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ¼ ½ ¾ -1 -1¼ -1½ -1¾ -2
¼ 1 2 1 1 4 2 3 2 16 1.34 -1.09
½ 1 1 1 2 5 .70 -.20
1 1 1 3 .83 -.21
¾ 1 1 1 2 1 6 .83 -.08
1 2 2 2 2 1 10 1.17 -.30
-1 2 1 3 3 1 10 1.42 -.42
Totals or means, .63 3 2 6 4 7 10 8 6 4 50 1.17 -.54

Table 35.—Results of a fifth return selection from generation 6, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ¼ ½ ¾ -1¼ -1½
¼ 2 2 4 1.00 -.75
¾ 1 3 4 1.12 -.37
2 2 1 5 .25 +.62
Totals or means, .65 3 2 1 2 2 3 13 .75 -.10

Table 36.—Results of a sixth return selection from generation 6, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
+1¼ +1 0 ¼ ½ ¾ -1 -1¼ -1½ -1¾
1 1 3 2 1 2 2 12 .29 -.17
¼ 2 1 1 4 1 4 13 .35 -.10
1 2 1 1 1 6 .87 -.50
½ 1 1 2 1 5 .25 +.25
Totals or means, .26 1 1 1 2 1 4 7 2 5 8 2 1 1 36 .39 -.13

Table 37.—Results of a return selection from generation 7, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
½ ¾ -1 -1¼ -1½ -1¾ -2
¾ 1 3 3 7 8 3 25
2 2 2 2 8
Totals or means, .78 2 3 5 3 7 10 3 33 1.15 -.37

Table 38.—Results of a return selection from generation 8, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
¾ -1 -1¼ -1½ -1¾ -2
½ 1 3 6 3 13 1.69 -1.19
1 9 3 13 1.21 - .59
2 2 2.00 - .13
-1 1 2 4 4 2 13 1.56 - .56
Totals or means, .72 1 2 2 7 19 10 41 1.51 - .79

Table 39.—Results of a return selection from generation 11, minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
¼ -1¾ -2 -2¼ -2½
-1⅝ 1 3 7 3 2 16 1.95 -.33

Table 40.—Results of a return selection from generation 6, plus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
+2 3
2 1 1 3 3 2 2 3 1 1 17 2.36 -.36

Table 41.—Results of a return selection from generation 11, plus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
3 4
2⅝ 2 3 2 5 5 1 1 22
2 4 1 8 2 17
3 4 4 1 9
1 3 1 5
Totals or means, 2.79 2 3 4 10 6 12 10 5 1 53 3.32 -.53

Table 42.—Classification of the extracted hooded individuals obtained in the second generation from a cross between hooded and wild rats.

Grade of hooded grandparents. Grade of extracted hooded grandchildren. Total. Mean. Mean, uncrossed race. Standard deviation. Standard deviation, uncrossed race.
-2 -1¾ -1½ -1¼ -1 0 ½ ¾ 1 2 3
♀ -1⅞, gen. 2½, minus series 2 4 6 5 6 13 2 1 3 4 5 3 4 2 1 1 62 + .31 -1.20 .98 .49
♀♀ -2, gen. 6, minus series 1 1 1 1 2 6 6 7 2 3 6 4 2 4 1 1 48 + .25 -1.59 .97 .44
♀♀ -2 and -2¼, gen. 10, minus series 1 3 3 1 10 3 9 8 14 4 7 8 1 4 3 5 2 4 1 91 + .24 -2.05 1.18 .24
♀♀ +3, gen. 3, plus series 1 5 3 2 3 4 2 1 21 +2.56 +2.60 .50 .53
♀♀ +3¼, gen. 5 and +3½, gen. 6, plus series 1 2 1 1 1 6 9 8 8 1 38 +2.97 +3.14 .52 .49
♀ +4¼, gen. 10, plus series 1 3 4 2 3 3 16 +3.15 +3.84 .28 .36

Table 43.—Classification of the extracted hooded individuals obtained in the second generation from a cross between hooded and Irish rats.

Grade of hooded grandparents. Grade of extracted hooded grandchildren. Total. Mean. Mean, same grade and generation, uncrossed race. Standard deviation. Standard deviation, uncrossed race.
-2 -1¾ -1½ -1¼ -1 0 +1 2 3
-1½, gen. 3½ 1 5 3 6 12 26 9 9 10 1 3 2 2 1 90 - .62 -1.31 .61 .48
-1⅞, gen. 4 6 3 4 5 9 14 8 1 1 1 1 53 - .73 -1.18 .60 .46
+2, gen. 7½ 6 6 12 11 8 3 4 4 6 1 3 1 1 66 - .94 -1.75 .84 .35
+2¼, gen. 2 3 4 5 4 16 7 16 22 25 29 24 13 33 14 8 8 6 3 239 +1.27 +1.80 .90 .75
+3, gen. 3 2 1 1 3 3 4 2 2 1 2 1 1 23 + .95 +2.50 .87 .53

Table 44.—F₃ generation produced by extracted hooded rats (F₂ generation) derived from a cross of a hooded rat of the minus series with a wild rat. (See Table 42.)

Grade of (F₂) parents. Grade of (F₃) offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
-1 0 ¾ 1 2 3
¾ 2 1 4 3 4 1 2 1 1 19 + .04 .71
1 1 1 3 2 2 1 5 3 6 4 3 1 1 34 +2.06 .44

Table 45.—F₄ generation from minus series crossed with wild.

Grade of (F₃) parents. Grade of (F₄) offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ¾ 1 2 3
2 1 1 3 6 6 9 16 25 14 10 2 1 96 1.78 .47
2⅜ 2 1 1 1 6 3 8 3 9 4 4 1 1 44 1.67 .70
2⅞ 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 8 .91 1.96
3 1 1 3 3 5 9 5 7 3 1 1 39 2.02 .98
3⅛ 1 1 3 1 2 5 4 1 18 2.82 .30
Totals or means, 2.52 3 3 1 5 5 16 10 22 26 47 20 23 14 7 1 2 205 1.86 .66

Table 46.—F₅ generation from minus series crossed with wild.

Grade of (F₄) parents. Grade of (F₅) offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
0 ¾ 1 2 3
2 1 1 3 3 2 12 15 10 2 3 1 53
2⅛ 1 1 1 4 1 4 1 13
1 3 4 1 2 2 13
2⅜ 1 2 3 2 4 2 14
2⅝ 1 1 2 1 2 7
2⅞ 2 1 1 1 5
3 1 1 1 7 4 14
Totals or means, 2.27 2 1 3 6 3 6 17 28 16 8 21 7 1 119 2.06 .21

Table 47.—F₆ generation from minus series crossed with wild.

Grade of (F₅) parents. Grade of (F₆) offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
¾ 1 2 3
2⅜ 1 1 1 4 8 13 4 4 7 3 2 48 2.14 .23
3 2 2 4 3 3 5 4 26 2.24 .26
2⅝ 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 4 1 1 20 2.26 .36
1 1 4 2 5 3 8 2 5 31 2.35 .40
2⅞ 1 4 1 9 7 11 5 2 40 2.74 .13
3⅛ 1 4 2 4 7 6 2 1 2 29 2.73 .39
Totals or means, 2.69 2 1 2 6 13 14 32 13 23 37 30 15 4 2 194 2.41 .28

Table 48.—F₇ generation from minus series crossed with wild.

Grade of (F₆) parents. Grade of (F₇) offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
¾ 1 2 3
2⅝ 4 4 12 2 9 9 12 1 53 2.41 .21
3 1 2 6 5 4 4 3 28 2.14 .61
2⅞ 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 10 2.32 .55
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 12 2.93 .07
3⅛ 1 3 2 3 1 4 3 5 2 2 1 27 2.59 .53
3 1 3 3 1 3 14 2.63 .62
3⅜ 1 2 2 2 2 1 10 2.85 .52
Totals or means, 2.80 3 2 8 9 26 12 28 23 26 10 6 1 154 2.46 .34

Table 49.—F₈ generation from minus series crossed with wild.

Grade of (F₇) parents. Grade of (F₈) offspring. Totals. Means. Regression.
2 3
1 1 2 2.75 0
3 1 1 3 5 8 5 1 24 2.74 .01
3⅛ 1 2 3 3 5 3 1 1 19 2.60 .52
Totals or means, 3.08 2 3 6 9 13 4 6 1 1 45 2.67 .41

Table 50.—Results of crossing the selected plus with the selected minus series.

Grade of parents. Grade of offspring. Totals. Means. Standard deviation.
-2 -1¾ -1½ -1¼ -1 ¾ ½ ¼ 0 +1 +1¼ +1½ +1¾ +2 +2¼ +2½ +2¾ +3½
Series 1, F₁ generation; ♀♀ -2, gen. 6; ♂ ♂ +3½ or 3¾, gen. 5 2 2 1 8 10 13 25 2 8 11 6 3 1 1 93 + .06 .71
Series 1, F₂ generation, -1 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 13 - .57 .66
½ 1 2 1 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 16 - .37 .80
0 1 1 4 2 4 6 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 29 + .17 .95
+⅛ 1 2 1 3 3 1 5 1 4 3 2 3 1 30 + .03 .97
2 1 2 7 3 1 2 4 1 2 2 6 1 3 3 1 41 + .10 1.08
1 1 1 4 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 18 + .06 .91
1 2 3 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 18 + .25 .90
+1 1 7 3 6 13 4 8 5 5 4 4 3 2 2 6 73 + .60 .98
+1⅛ 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 13 + .61 .83
+1¼ 1 1 1 5 7 1 8 1 5 6 4 2 4 3 1 3 53 + .38 1.02
+1½ 1 1 0
Series 1, totals or means, F₂ generation 1 4 9 7 22 24 26 20 49 10 24 24 23 10 20 13 7 5 7 305 + .24 1.01
Series 2, F₁ generation; ♀ ♀ +3¾, gen. 10; ♂ -3¼, gen. 10 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 14 +1.00 .60
Series 2, F₂ generation, +½ 1 1 1 3 +1.31
+⅝ 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 16 +.40 .96
+1 2 2 1 1 1 7 +.82
+1⅛ 1 1 2 1 3 4 2 1 4 1 1 1 22 +1.03 .97
+1¼ 2 1 1 1 4 5 3 2 4 1 1 25 + .56 .70
Series 2, totals or means, F₂ generation 2 4 3 8 8 12 9 6 5 3 5 2 2 1 2 1 73 +.72 .87

Table 51.—F₁ offspring of the original “mutant” male, 4763, +5½, mated with females of the plus series, and with the “mutant” female, 5153, +5¾.

Grade of mother. Grade of offspring.
Lower group. Upper group.
+3 4 Totals. Means. Standard deviation. 5 6 Totals. Means. Standard deviation.
+3¾ 1 4 11 1 1 18 3.69 1 3 9 4 1 18 5.51
3⅞ 3 7 3 13 3.75 1 4 5 3 13 5.44
4 1 4 9 4 1 1 20 3.78 2 7 5 4 18 5.40
4⅛ 3 1 1 5 3.90 2 4 1 7 5.46
1 1 2 3.62
Totals or means 1 1 12 31 9 3 1 58 3.73 .24 4 16 23 12 1 56 5.45 .23
Mutant ♀ 5153, +5¾ 3 3 6 3.87 6 4 10 5.60

Table 52.—F₁ offspring of the original mutant male, 4763, +5½, mated with females of the minus series.

Grade of mother. Grade of offspring, lower group. Grade of offspring, upper group.
-1 ¾ ½ ¼ 0 +1 +1¼ +1½ +1¾ +2¼ Totals. Means. Standard deviation. +4 +4¼ +4½ +4¾ +5 Totals. Means. Standard deviation.
-2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 13 +.40 2 5 3 2 12 4.46
-2¼ 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 14 +.70 2 4 3 9 4.53
-2½ 2 1 1 4 +.31 2 3 1 6 4.21
-2¾ 1 1 2 4 +.18 2 1 1 4 4.19
Totals or means 2 1 1 2 7 3 5 4 2 3 2 2 1 35 +.49 .77 6 11 6 6 2 31 4.43 .31

Table 53.—Classification of the descendants through three generations of the two original mutants, ♂ 4763, +5½, and ♀ 5153, +5¾. The parents are in every case of grade 5½ or 5¾.

Generation. Grade of offspring.
Lower group. Upper group.
4 Totals. Means. Standard deviation. 5 Totals. Means. Standard deviation.
F₁ 3 3 6 3.87 6 4 10 5.60
F₂ 1 1 2 3.37 2 3 15 10 30 5.52
F₃ 1 7 3 11 5.55
Totals or means 1 1 3 3 8 3.75 .25 2 4 28 17 51 5.54 .19

Table 54.—F₂ descendants of the original mutant male, 4763, +5½, mated with females of the plus series. (Compare [Table 51].)

Grade of (F₁) parents. Grade of (F₂) offspring.
Lower group. Upper group.
3 4 Totals. Means. Standard deviation. 5 Totals. Means. Standard deviation.
Lower group parents 3⅝ 2 1 10 8 1 22 3.56
1 2 2 7 2 1 15 3.92
3⅞ 1 2 6 8 4 1 22 3.92
Totals or means 2 3 14 16 16 6 2 59 3.78 .33
Upper group parents 1 1 3.50 2 2 5.50
5⅜ 1 1 3 1 4 10 3.90 2 6 49 13 70 5.51
5⅝ 2 5 7 5.43
Totals or means 1 2 3 1 4 11 3.86 .35 2 8 56 13 79 5.50 .15

Table 55.—F₂ descendants of the original mutant male, 4763, +5½, mated with females of the minus series. (Compare [Table 52].)

Grade of F₁ parents. Grade of (F₂) offspring, lower group parents. Totals. Means. Standard deviation.
-2 -1¾ -1 ¾ ½ ¼ 0 1 2
¾ 1 1 1 3 .58
1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 11 .57
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 9 .80
0 1 3 3 3 1 4 1 1 3 2 22 .72
1 1 1 3 1.00
1 1 1 1 4 -.12
+1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 9 .19
Totals or means 2 1 4 1 6 4 9 1 2 2 9 4 4 2 5 1 3 1 61 .58 1.17
Grade of F₁ parents. Grade of (F₂) offspring, upper group parents. Totals. Means. Standard deviation.
-2 -1¾ -1 ¾ ½ ¼ 0 ½ ¾ 1 2 4 5 L[1] U[2] L[1] U[2] L[1] U[2]
4⅛ 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 5 4.85
1 1 6 1 1 1 1 10 4.62
4⅜ 1 1 2 1 1 2 4 4.56
1 2 2 1 1 2 4 10 6 8 4 6 6 41 4.78
4⅝ 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 8 4.91
Totals or means 1 1 2 4 2 1 3 1 2 9 18 10 12 9 7 14 68 +.75 4.77 1.03 .44

[1] Lower group offspring, -1¾ to +2 inclusive.

[2] Upper group offspring, +3½ to +5½ inclusive.