EAST COAST OF ENGLAND.

Schedules were sent to forty-five stations, lighthouses, and light-vessels, and returns have been received from forty-two. The total number of schedules sent in is eighty-four, and the greatest number from any single station, nine from Mr Thomas H. Cutting, of the Farn Lighthouse; and six from Mr Thomas O. Hall, of the Longstone Lighthouse.

The East Coast stations included in this report are:—

Longstone L.H.Thomas O. Hall.
Farn, Inner, L.H.Thomas H. Cutting.
Coquet Island L.H.William Evans.
Tees, 5 Buoy L.V.Henry Harbord.
Tees Breakwater L.H.M. Grant.
Whitby High L.H.John Odgers.
Flamborough L.H.Charles Hood.
Spurn L.H.James B. Smith.
Spurn L.V.Nil.
Outer Dowsing L.V.William Stock.
Inner Dowsing L.V.William King.
Llyn Wells L.V.George Rees.
Dudgeon L.V.J. F. Warder and J. H. Harrison.
Hasbro' L.V.J. Nicholas and B. V. Darnell.
Hasbro' L.H.Nil.
Hunstanton L.H.Wm. Westmoreland.
Cromer L.H.C. H. Overton.
Winterton L.H.John Watson and John Leggett.
Leman and Ower L.V.J. Artis and John Bowen.
Newarp L.V.C. Campbell and W. Rees.
Cockle L.V.Charles Perfrement and E. Cole.
Orfordness L.H.J. Garrett.
Corton L.V.I. H. Johnson and W. Bowen.
Languard Point L.H.Owen Boyle.
Shipwash L.V.David Dale.
Galloper L.V.P. Frost.
Kentish Knock L.V.W. R. Carter and W. Dorney.
Swin Middle L.V.Samuel Pender.
Tongue L.V.John Webber.
Nore L.V.Nil.
Goodwin L.V.David Johns.
Gull L.V.Francis Harvey and J. Jenkins.
South Sand Head L.V.F. G. Foreman.
East Side L.V.Edward le Gallais and W. Nicholls.
Varne L.V.Nil.
Hanois L.H.Charles Williams.

Reports and notes have also been received from:—

Roker, SunderlandAlfred Crawhall Chapman.
S. S. "Aycliffe"John Osborn Morgan (2d engineer).
Seaton-CarewC. Donald Thompson.
RedcarT. H. Nelson.
FlamboroughMatthew Bailey.
SpurnWm. Eagle Clarke.
SpurnPhilip Lawton.
SpurnJ. Fisher.
East LincolnshireJohn Cordeaux.
Northrepps and CleyJ. H. Gurney, Jun.
YarmouthArthur Patterson.
YarmouthBenjamin Dye.
YarmouthG. Smith.
ThanetLord Clifton.
Malmo, SwedenFrank R. Newton.

Notes also bearing on the migration of birds on the east coast of England have been utilised from the Zoologist, Naturalist, and. Field newspapers; also from MS. notes made at Cley, Norfolk, in the autumn of 1885 by Messrs G. E. and F. D. Power.

Separate Notes on each Species.

TURDINÆ.—Missel-Thrush, Turdus viscivorus.—Spring migration, March 25th, 1885: Farn L.H., two. Autumn: Roker, Sunderland, August 9th, 7 P.M., "for about an hour a continual stream kept flying over the lawn at Silksworth; they were about one hundred yards high, going from N.E. to S.W., in parties of two or three, then twenty or thirty at once." Teesmouth, October 11th, great rush, "thousands in one particular field." North-East Lincolnshire, October 20th, great many. Common Thrush, T. musicus.—Spring, 1885: Longstone L.H., March 13th, night, N. hazy, several round lantern. Northrepps, middle of March, many moving north.[6] Autumn; An enormous immigration, first indicated at Farn L.H., July 3d to 11th, a few none in August, sparingly in September, and an enormous rush from October 12th to 18th, covering the east coast, and, more or less, continuous night and day on 15th and 16th, wind E.N.E. A second rush November 8th to 12th, and less at intervals to end of month; a few Farn L.H. throughout January to February 10th, 1886. Redwing, T. iliacus.—Spring, 1885: Thanet, April 19, last seen. Autumn; Farn L.H., September 15th, first. An enormous immigration in October, much the largest recorded. The bulk arriving in two great rashes, covering the east coast, from October 15th to 17th, night and day; and again November 9th to 17th, but in less numbers. Hasbro' L.V. on 22d and 23d, all day; a few at Farn L.H. to December 3d, when the migration of this species ceased. Fieldfare, T. pilaris.—Spring, 1885: North-East Lincolnshire, March 26th, large flocks in coast marshes. Thanet, April 19th, last seen. Farn L.H., May 4th, fifteen. Autumn: Dudgeon L.V., July 7th, one young bird caught on board; October 15th to 26th, first arrivals on east coast—a great rush on 15th and 16th at various stations, and a second very large immigration, old birds, November 8th to 12th. Longstone L.H., November 8th, S. to S.W., one on gallery at midnight; 9th, 10th, and 11th, great rush night and day, and up to 10.30 P.M. on 12th, and in less numbers at intervals on east coast to end of first week in January 1886. Shipwash L.V., January 23d, many till midnight, one killed. In North-East Lincolnshire, large numbers of old birds arrived at intervals from the last week in November to middle of January 1886, either direct from the Continent, or from more northern localities in Great Britain. Blackbird, T. merula.—Spring, 1885: Migration observed at Longstone L.H. April 4th and 12th to W. Farn L.H. March 13th to May 4th. Whitby, March 13th and 14th, E. to W. during night. Autumn: October 15th to 18th, very large arrivals both by night and day, and again from November 8th to 12th, in both cases covering the east coast. Corton L.V., November 21st, noon, twenty to W.N.W.; and Dudgeon L.V., November 24th, last recorded. Ring-Ousel, T. torquatus.—Spring, 1885: Spurn L.H., April 9th, male and female. Farn L.H., April 12th to May 4th, Longstone L.H., 23d, S., one. Thanet, 22d, two old males; 23d and 25th, younger males; 30th, females. Autumn: Spurn, August 25th; Flamborough, October 6th, many, Cromer L.H., 16th, all night, seven killed. Thanet, 16th, N.E. gale, several; 22d, E,, old males and old females.

[6] Malmo, Sweden, May 6th, flock of thrushes to N.E.

CINCLINÆ.—Black-Bellied Dipper, Cinclus melanogaster.—October 23d, E. and N.E. gale, one shot on morning of 24th. Humber Bank, in Stallinborough parish, great flight of Woodcock at the same date.

SAXICOLINÆ.—Common Wheatear, Saxicola ænanthe.—Spring, 1885: Yarmouth, February 24, one shot on denes. Hunstanton L.H., March 15th, one. Farn L.H., April 5th, S.S.E., two; 7th, E. all day, and the same on 10th and 11th, E.N.E. and E. Great Cotes, 11th, first. Hanois L.H., Guernsey, 10th, many at night at north light. Tees L.V., 22d, six, and many to May 28th, and eight on June 7th, general direction of flight S.E. to N.W.; rushes on May 10th and 20th. Longstone L.H., April 23d, N.E., 4 A.M., several. Flamborough, May 3d to 6th, E. (4), many with Redstarts and Pied Flycatchers.[7] Autumn: Migration first indicated at Tees L.V. August 3d, and Farn L.H. on 7th and 9th. On the 15th a flock of twenty alighted on board the s.s. "Aycliffe" in the English Channel, remaining for two hours, and then left; were observed in considerable numbers at several stations throughout September to middle of October. Is last recorded at the Hasborough L.V. October 1 6th, one. Desert-Chat, S. deserti.—Spurn, October 17th, one, a female, shot; has been previously obtained once in Scotland, and twice in Heligoland. Whinchat and Stonechat, Pratincola rubetra and rubicola.—Spring: Farn L.H., May 4th E.N.E., many of both all day. Whitby L.H., April 22d, one Stonechat. Autumn; Whitby L.H., September 19th, one struck. Hasbro' L.V., November 10th, 2.30 A.M., two killed. The Whinchat does not appear to be observed or distinguished on migration by our recorders. Redstart, Ruticilla phœnicurus.—Thanet, April 16th, males; 23d, females. Longstone L.H., May 1st, E, rain, one adult male. Flamborough, 3d, N.E., large number of males, with Pied Flycatchers. Farn L.H., 4th, E.N.E. all day. Malmo, Sweden, April 26th, two. Autumn: Are first recorded at Thanet July 19th, females and young. At several stations from August 17th to end of September; last at Spurn October 4th, W.S.W., with Wheatears. Black Redstart, R. titys.—Yarmouth, March 15th, adult male; November 3d, adult female. Longstone L.H., October 17th, one female Redstart. This entry probably refers to this species, which, as a rule, is observed on the east coast about a fortnight after the migration of the common Redstart has ceased.[8]

[7] In the spring of 1886 I received by post one adult male Wheatear, in summer plumage, caught in a rabbit trap on March 26th in North Northumberland. In a late schedule from the Farn L.H. two are recorded on February 22d, at 5 P.M., on the island, and again two on March 25th. The earliest record for East Lincolnshire this spring is a pair on the Humber Embankment on March 29th.

[8] The occurrences, so far recorded by the committee, of the Black Redstart on the east coast of Great Britain in the autumn, range between October 23d and November 3d.

SYLVIINÆ.—Red-Spotted Bluethroat, Cyanecula suecica.—Spurn, October 7th, two. Redbreast, Erithacus rubecula.—Spring, 1885: Longstone L.H., April 7th, S.E., one. Farn L.H., 10th, 11th, and 12th, E.N.E., several. Hasbro' L.V., May 22d, one to W.S.W. Autumn: Considerable immigration between the Farn Islands and Guernsey, from September 8th to November 12th; rush on October 16th, observed at Spurn, Lincolnshire coast (very large numbers), Hasbro' L.V., Tongue L.V., and Thanet; and again from November 10th to 12th at Inner Dowsing L.V., Kentish Knock L.V., South Sand Head L.V. The greatest number seen at any one time, Hasbro' L.V., October 2d, one hundred to one hundred and fifty, at 6 P.M., from S.E. to N.W., and Kentish Knock L.V. on November 10th, fifty to sixty, with tits from 2 A.M. to daybreak, and then going north. Whitethroat, Sylvia rufa.—Hanois L.H., April 10. Malmo, Sweden, May 4th. Hunstanton L.H., 20th, S. (5), 1 A.M., nine killed. Autumn: July 19th, Thanet, the first, and are last recorded Hanois L.H. September 17th, N.E. (4), midnight, along with Blackcaps. Lesser Whitethroat, S. curruca.—Spring: Great Cotes, April 23d. Autumn: The first at Thanet August 24th to 27th, and last at Longstone L.H. September 30th. Blackcap, S. atricapilla.—Spring: Thanet, May 5th, males; 6th, females. Return September 17th, 19th, and 25th at Hanois L.H., Thanet, and Languard L.H. Garden Warbler, S. salicaria.—Return August 22d at Spurn, and September 20th at Thanet.

PHYLLOSCOPINÆ.—Golden-Crested Wren, Regulus cristatus.—Spring: At Great Cotes and Thanet on March 8th; Longstone L.H. May 1st, 2 P.M.,one. Autumn: A very considerable immigration first observed at Languard L.H. August 21st, 5.15 A.M., one. The next at Hanois L.H. September 17th, E., O.R. about lantern at midnight; are last recorded on November 11th. Rushes indicated at Flamborough on October 6th, and at Farn L.H., Hasbro' L.V. (twenty), Lincolnshire coast. Cockle L.V., and Thanet on October 16th and 17th; Teesmouth October 23d and 24th; Inner Dowsing L.V., Leman and Ower L.V., Kentish Knock L.V.,and South Sand Head L.V. on November 10th and 11th. Chiff-Chaff, Phylloscopus collybita.—Spring: First in North Wales and Norfolk April 2d; return Thanet August 21st to September 24th. Willow-Wren, P. trochilus.—Return Thanet July 19th and August 5th. Spurn, August 18th to S. Cley, Norfolk coast, September 7th, E., great numbers in scrub, and increasing; 17th, second rush. Wood-Wren, P. sibilatrix.—Spurn, August 14th; Thanet, 22d and 27th.

ACROCEPHALINÆ.—Sedge Warbler, A. schœnobænus.—Spurn L.H., September 8th, one killed.

ACCENTORIDÆ.—Hedge Sparrow, Accentor modularis.—Cley, Norfolk coast, September 18th, many. Newarp L.V., October 17th, rush with others. Goodwin, east side L.V., 23d, a few on board. Bearded Reedling, Panurus biarmicus.—Yarmouth, February, last week, bearded tits, several flocks, numbers shot.

PARIDÆ.—Spring: Hanois L.H., April 10. Blue-Titmouse.—Autumn: Great Cotes, October 11th. Blue and Coal Titmouse, several. Whitby L.H., 15th, several Titmice about lighthouse garden. Kentish Knock L.V., November 10th, fifty to sixty Robins and Tits from midnight to daybreak, and then to N. Inner Dowsing L.V., 10th, one. South Sand Head L.V., 11th, Robin and Tits. Common Creeper, Certhia familiaris.—Spurn, August 14th. Common Wren, Troglodytes parvulus.—Winterton L.H., September 6th, one at 2 A.M. on lantern; 8th, one at 4 A.M., and November 3d, one. Orfordness L.H.; September 13th, 7 A.M., three with Robin. Farn L.H., October 23d, two. South Sand Head L.V., November 12th and 13th, Wrens on deck; and Kentish Knock L.V., 13th, two at 4 P.M., went to roost on board.

MOTACILLIDÆ.—Pied Wagtail, M. lugubris.—Spring, 1885: Tees L.V., February 4th, N.W., four to N.W.; 27th, with Titlarks to N.W. Hanois L.H., February 12th, a few. Great Cotes, 25th, many, with Titlarks. Whitby L.H., March 8th, one. Thanet, 11th to 19th. Farn L.H., 11th, two; and Longstone L.H., May 9th, two to W. Autumn: Return Thanet August 2d, young; 26th, old. Hanois L.H., November 20th, twelve to S.E. Blue-Headed Wagtail, M. flava.—Thanet, April 22d, male; May 4th, old female and young bird in second plumage. Yellow Wagtail, M. raii.—Spring, 1885: Great Cotes, April 18th; and Thanet, 26th, first. Autumn: Spurn, August 14th, a few immature Yellow Wagtails; 23d, thousands, "the whole district ablaze with them;" 24th, less numbers. Thanet, 20th and 21st. Cley, September 18th, in parties; 23d, three or four. Grey Wagtail, M. melanope.—Autumn: Great Cotes, September, first and second weeks, young birds swarming in bean-fields; October 15th, first, old. Cley, September 9th, first. Thanet, 28th and 30th, two each day. In the spring of 1885 were first seen at Malmo, Sweden, on April 7th, two, "a sure sign to begin to plough." Meadow Pipit, Anthus pratensis.—Spring: Great Cotes, February 25th, many, with Pied Wagtails; Tees L.V., 27th, some with Wagtails to N.W. Autumn: Cley, September 16th, great many. Roker (Sunderland), October 3d and 7th. Farn L.H., 23d, E.S.E. (4), great many. Rock Pipit, A. obscurus.—Cley, September 22d, three or four; 23d, several. Golden Oriole, Oriolus galbula.—Thanet, June 9th and 23d (see remarks under ["General Notes"]).

LANIIDÆ.—Red-Backed Shrike, Lanius collurio.—Spring: Thanet, May 23d, female. Autumn: Thanet, August 5th, female. Spurn, 24th and September 1st, young, one each day; 3d and 4th, one each day. Woodchat Shrike, L. auriculatus.—Yarmouth, May, second week, a female, and several others reported further north on east coast (Zoologist, 1886, pp. 27, 28).

MUSCICAPIDÆ.—Spotted Flycatcher, Muscicapa grisola.—Thanet, May 1st, first; October 14th, last (very late). Pied Flycatcher, M. atricapilla.—Spring: Flamborough, May 3d, N.E., great rush with Redstarts, and forward to 6th, "the largest arrival ever known." Spurn, same date, great many, "more numerous than ever known before." Malmo (Sweden), April 29th, two. Autumn: Spurn, August 24th, young; 29th, same. Thanet, 30th, N.E., five or six; again on 31st, and from September 1st to 29th. Cley, September 8th.

HIRUNDINIDÆ.—Swallow, Hirundo rustica.—Spring: Hanois L.H., March 30th, a flight, and from April 15th to May 10th, daily. Flamborough, April 8th, N.N.E. (8), 11.30 A.M., first; Great Cotes 14th, Thanet 20th, Orfordness 20th, Yarmouth 17th, Hunstanton 16th, Spurn 17th, Whitby 19th, Tees L.V. 19th, one from E.S.E. to N.W.; 21st, 8 A.M. to 2 P.M., great many to N.W. from E.S.E., and some Martins, and many at intervals to May 29th in same direction. Languard L.H., May 30th to June 5th. Malmo, Sweden, April 22d. Autumn; Tees L.V., September 15th and 16th, great many to S.W. Spurn, September 2d and 5th, all day in small numbers to S. Hunstanton, 15th and 16th, hundreds all day to S., and throughout September at several stations; were last observed at Languard L.H. October 18th. Flamborough, 18th, several. Great Cotes, 19th. Leman and Ower L.V., 24th. In November, three at Flamborough on 1st. Hunstanton, 14th, one to S.W. Thanet, 15th, one. Martin, Chelidon urbica.—Spring: Tees L.V., April 21st, first; some, with Swallows N.W. to E.S.E.; July 7th, 8th, 11th, great many to N.W., and at several stations in April, May, and June. Autumn: Last at Thanet, November 1st. Sand-Martin, Cotile riparia.—Great Cotes, April 22d. Last at Thanet, November 1st.

FRINGILLIDÆ.—Goldfinch, Carduelis elegans.—Hanois L.H., November 1st, fifty to N.W. Siskin, Chrysomitris spinus.—Yarmouth, abundant in December. Serin Finch, Serinus hortulanus.—Yarmouth, June 14th (Zoologist, 1886, p. 28), probably a male. Greenfinch, Ligurinus chloris.—Curiously only one entry in the schedules. Shipwash L.V., January 24th, 1886, one died on board. Common Sparrow, Passer domesticus.—First at Shipwash L.V., September 22d, 2.30 P.M., great flight of Common Sparrows to N.N.W. Kentish Knock L.V., 27th, forty to W., and on 28th. Newarp L.V., October 8th, noon, thirty. Goodwin East L.V., October 20th, a few House Sparrows during day, and on November 10th to 13th. Corton L.V., October 1st, 11th, 12th, 15th, 19th, 21st, 22d, and November 11th, large numbers, several on vessel. Tree Sparrow, P. montanus.—Longstone L.H.. October 16th, one. Cockle and Kentish Knock L.V.'s, October 4th and 30th, at latter in large numbers. Goodwin and Gull L.V.'s, September 28th, 29th, and October 28th, 30th, great rush. South Sand Head, October 12th, 7 A.M., some to N.W., and on December 2d one. Very few, as a rule, came in north of the Humber. Chaffinch, Fringilla cœlebs.—First at Outer Dowsing L.V. September 18th, one. Arrived mainly in two great flights, October 12th to 16th, and November 10th to 13th, as observed at several stations. Brambling, F. montifringilla.—Spring: Thanet, April 19th, last seen. Autumn: October 14th to 17th, and a second flight November 11th to 12th, practically at the same periods as the former.[9] Linnet, Linota cannabina.—Comparatively few notices, and no Twites. Mealy and Lesser Redpoles, L. linaria and rufescens.—Cockle L.V., October 14th, one. Outer Dowsing L.V., 16th, two. Leman and Ower L.V., 18th, one caught (Mealy Redpoles), flying from E.N.E. to S.W. Spurn, about November 11th, one Mealy Redpole. Hasbro' L.V., November 23d, one Redpole caught. Yarmouth, in December, abundant. It is probable all the notices refer to L. linaria.

[9] Bramblings are reported as having been more plentiful in Lincolnshire and Norfolk than has been the case for very many years. In the Migration Report for 1883, the Hawfinch is recorded at the Inner Dowsing L.V. on November 2d, and at the same station in the previous year on October 20th. I have recently ascertained from Mr William King that he was mistaken in his identification, and that the birds were Bramblings.

EMBERIZINÆ.—Yellow Bunting, Emberiza citrinella.—Whitby, March 16th, great number during week commencing on the 16th. Snow Bunting, Plectrophanes nivalis.—Spring: Tees L.V., March 1st, flocks. Farn L.H., 4th, two. Yarmouth, 22d, four, 3 P.M., on north light. Farn L.H., April 11th, one. Autumn: Cley, September 26th, one, and at several stations in October and November; rushes October 16th and 24th, N.E., half-gale, and November 18th and 25th.

ALAUDIDÆ.—Sky-Lark, Alauda arvensis.—The occurrences are far too numerous to record separately; in some cases the entries fill a considerable portion of the schedules. They are noted at thirty stations on the east coast, sixteen of which are light-vessels. Spring, 1885: Longstone L.H., April 7th, and Cockle L.V., May 6th; some to W. at intervals during the day. Autumn: First at Cockle L.V. September 7th, and sparingly at other stations during the month to the 28th and 29th, when the numbers greatly increased. A very heavy immigration in October, and from the 12th to 20th an almost continuous rush night and day, covering the whole of the east coast; in less numbers in November to the 20th, when the migration appears to have almost ceased. The great bulk appear to have arrived in two enormous and almost continuous flights on October 15th, 16th, 17th, and November 10th and 11th—in the latter case in less numbers; very sparingly in December and up to January 25th, 1886. A strong return migration to the Continent is indicated at the Shipwash L.V. on February 14th and 15th N.E. at night, also during the day on the 15th from W. to E., and at the Newarp L.V. March 19th to 21st, likewise to E. At the same station, from January 25th, 1886, to February 14th, Larks passing to the W. Shore-Lark, Otocorys alpestris.—Yarmouth, November 26th, one found dead; several seen in February. Flamborough, January 4th, 1886, one shot.

STURNIDÆ.—Starling, Sturnus vulgaris.—At twenty-one stations. Dudgeon L.V., July 10th, three young alighted on vessel, and then to W.N.W. None are recorded in August and September till the 28th at Shipwash L.V., some flights; enormous numbers in October, especially from the 12th to 19th, frequently associated with Larks, and large numbers of both killed at the light-vessels; proportionately less in November, with heavy rushes from the 12th to 23d. A very considerable spring migration indicated at Shipwash L.V. both to the E. and W. from February 10th to March 21st, 1886.

CORVIDÆ.—Daw, Corvus monedula.—Longstone L.H., March 12th, N., several to W.; April 3d to W. at dawn. Autumn: At several stations, generally in company with Rooks. Carrion Crow, C. corone.—Tees L.V., October 19th, five; 24th, twelve. Dudgeon L.V., October 5th to November 11th, many with Rooks. Tongue L.V., December 11th, one on deck; great numbers of "Black Crows" are recorded at various stations, which may refer either to this or the Rook. Hooded Crow, C. cornix.—Spring, 1885: Outer Dowsing L.V., March 1st, large flights from W.N.W. to E.S.E. 10 A.M. Hunstanton, April 7th, many near lighthouse. Thanet, 19th, last. Autumn: First at Hasbro' L.V. October 2d, small flocks all day S.E. to N.W. Great numbers in October at various stations, chiefly between the Humber and Thames, and an almost continuous rush between 15th and 17th. A very considerable immigration in November, specially from 9th to 12th. Rook, C. frugilegus.—Longstone L.H., March 11th and 14th, 1885, many to E.; April 4th, 15th, 17th, and 20th, several to W. Cockle L.V., May 2d, continuous flocks during day to N.W., S.W., and N. Northrepps, March 22d and 23d, 1886, Rooks and Crows to E.S.E. Autumn: Immense numbers at various stations in October and November, with continuous rushes corresponding with those of the Grey Crow.[10] Raven, C. corax.—Outer Dowsing L.V., March 6th, 3 A.M., two ravens, one caught. Malmo, Sweden, February 7th, one passing overhead N.E. to S.W.—exactly the same line as observed for nine successive years.

[10] Mr J. H. Gurney, Sen., writes:—"Lord Lilford sends me word that on 20th of March 1886, Mr G. Hunt saw an extraordinary flight of Rooks at Somerton, which he observed from 10.30 A.M. till 6 P.M., when he left, but the flight was still going on. He wrote to Lord Lilford:—'I observed them flying just above the sandhills, going due south, and as far as the eye could see both before and behind there was nothing but Rooks. There would never for one moment of the day be less than a thousand in sight at one time; they kept in a thin wavering line. The coast line here runs due north and south.'" Mr J. H. Gurney, Jun., writes:—"I saw the same Rooks and Grey Crows on the same day in much smaller numbers as were seen at Somerton (Norfolk coast), which is fifteen miles further south. I again saw them on the 21st, 22d, 25th, 26th, 29th, but none after that date. Mr Hunt says they were all Rooks, but with me Grey Crows preponderated; direction to S.E." In connection with this read Mr Gätke's notes of migration as observed at Heligoland and Hanover between March 19th and 25th, 1886, on the last page of his journal.

CYPSELIDÆ.—Swift, Cypselus apus.—Spurn, April 20th, eight on window-sill of tower; 22d, several; June 29th, 11 A.M., fifty round lantern. At Yarmouth May 7th, and Thanet and Hunstanton on 8th, Malmo 10th. Autumn: Many to S. along coast first week in September. Wryneck, Jynx torquilla.—Thanet, April 19th, 25th; May 10th, 18th; June 14th, three distinct arrivals. Farn L.H., May 15th, one picked up dead. Common Roller, Coracias garrulus.—Felthorpe, near Norwich, October 24th, adult female. Cuckoo, Cuculus canorus.—Whitby, April 8th; Hanois L.H., Guernsey, 10th, two; Flambro' 17th, Spurn 18th, Farn L.H. 29th. Malmo May 13th, Tongue L.V. 19th, 10.30 P.M., one struck and killed. Autumn: Hunstanton L.H., July 16th, 2 A.M., N.W., one killed. Roker, August 6th, one young. Spurn, 7th, midnight O.M., one killed; 17th, two young on sandhills. Thanet, 8th, and September 3d and 4th. Farn L.H., August 9th, 6 P.M.

STRIGES.—Barn Owl, Strix flammea.—Tongue L.V., October 20th, 8 A.M., "White Owl" to W. Tees L.V., December 2d, W.S.W., "one Barn Owl." Long-Eared Owl, Asio otus.—Longstone L.H., October 10th, 2 P.M., N.N.E., fresh gale, one ("with wind N. of E., very few migrants are seen"). Farn L.H., October 10th, 6.30 P.M., "Owl" round lantern. Spurn, October 23d, E. and N.E. gale, some, one also shot at Spurn on August 25th. Short-Eared Owl, A. accipitrinus.—Spring: Farn L.H., April 22d, one on rocks. Autumn: In two rushes—October 20th to 23d, November 12th to 14th.

FALCONIDÆ.—Very few notices. Sea-Eagle, Haliaëtus albicilla.—Immature male and female shot in Kent early in November, and another seen. The Spotted Eagle, Aquila nævia, was shot at Cresswell on the Northumberland coast on October 31st. Kite, Milvus ictinus.—Thanet, April 9th, 3.30 P.M., N.W., one flying to W. During the last week in September and early in October (the usual period for the passage of the Falconidæ); a few Peregrines, Kestrels, Merlins, and Sparrow Hawks were observed on migration at various parts of the east coast. Northrepps, March 20th, 1886, two Buzzards, with Rooks to E.S.E.

PELECANIDÆ.—Cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo.—Spring: Tees L.V., March 1st to 10th, many to north. Whitby L.H., 11th, to north; September 17th, old and young, to S. Leman and Ower L.V., October 4th, forty to fifty, fishing for herring. Gannet, Sula bassana.—Farn L.H., August 22d, 26th, 27th, hundreds fishing off island. Heron, Ardea cinerea.—Coquet L.H., more Herons seen in September to October 12th than had been seen for many years. Outer Dowsing L.V., October 2d, one from E. to W.N.W. Tees L.V., February 28th, two, E. to W. White Stork, Ciconia alba.—Malmo, April 19th, flight, eighteen or twenty, to N.E. Spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia.—Yarmouth, June 4th, one shot at Breydon Water.

ANATIDÆ.—Wild Geese.—Whitby L.H.,May 23d, nine dark-coloured Geese to S.; July 1st, twelve to N.; 12th, five to N. Autumn: Cley, September 7th, nineteen in flock. Llyn Wells L.V., 20th, twelve Geese, from E. by E. Languard L.H., October 6th, flock, low to S.W. South Sand Head and East Side L.V.'s (Goodwins), December 6th and 7th, great numbers, too many to number. Unusually large numbers of Geese seen in North-East Lincolnshire from the first week in October to the end of the year. Swans.—Remarkably scarce. Five were seen on September 27th flying from S. to N. above the Town's Moor at Newcastle, and at Corton L.V. November 29th, 11 A.M., two to W. Ducks, Common Sheldrake, Tadorna cornuta.—Tees L.V., January 1st, 1885, fifty-four and one Coot. Farn L.H., June 20th, two broods off. Garganey Teal, Querquedula circia.—April 3d, one, a male, shot at Breydon, Yarmouth. King Eider, Somateria spectabilis.—Longstone L.H., April 23d, several times seen, was shot on the 25th. Immense numbers of various Ducks are reported at sea during the autumn and winter, flying in various directions. The Pochard, Fuligula ferina, has been unusually plentiful both in Lincolnshire and Norfolk.

COLUMBIDÆ.—Ringdove, Columba palumbus.—Tetney, Lincolnshire coast, October 23d, first flight of Wood Pigeons. Outer Dowsing L.V., November 12th, "seven pigeons" W. to E. Roker, near Sunderland, December 12th, flocks arriving all day from the E. to the woods two miles inland. Mr H. F. Tomalin reports from Northampton, "a great rush of Wood Pigeons crossed this part of the country on October 16th; they were passing continuously, in companies of four to five hundred, in a south-westerly direction." The Stockdove, C. ænas, is reported as exceedingly abundant in Norfolk during the winter of 1885-1886. Turtle Dove, Turtur communis.—Thanet, May 13th, first.

RALLIDÆ.—Water-Rail, Rallus aquaticus.—Farn L.H., October 15th, one; 31st, E.S.E. (4), one. Leman and Ower L.V., 19th, 11 A.M., one killed. Spotted Crake, Porzana maruetta.—Spurn, October 23d, one. Stone Curlew, Œdicnemus scolopax.—Spurn, August 22d, one seen on mud flats.

CHARADRIIDÆ.—Golden Plover, Charadrius pluvialis.—Besides the usual autumn arrivals there was a distinct immigration in December. Tongue L.V., December 14th, 5 A.M., one struck rigging and killed. Thanet, 16th, 3.20 P.M., S.W., flocks of thirty to forty from E. Grey Plover, Squatarola helvetica.—Spurn, August 26th, small flock in summer plumage. Longstone L.H., September 5th, N.W., three killed. Cley, 22d, W.S.W., calm, flock. Kentish Plover, Ægialitis cantiana.—Yarmouth, May 3d, three at Breydon. Languard L.H., June 30th, 6.30 A.M., two. Dotterel, Eudromias morinellus.—Spring: Great Cotes, May 14th, seven; 16th, live. Lapwing, Vanellus vulgaris.—First at Whitby, September 12th, large flock, old and young, to S. Yarmouth, October 2d, S.W., strong, flocks coming in. Orfordness, 8th, rush, and on 11th the same during night. Whitby, 16th, very large flock. Llyn Wells L.V., 21st and 22d, rush all day to N., and on November 1st, 2d, 3d. Dudgeon L.V., November 10th and 11th, great rush. Hasbro' L.V., 11th to 12th, night, and 22d to 23d, night, great rush to W. and W.N.W. Leman and Ower L.V., 12th and 15th, flights to N.W. and W.

SCOLOPACIDÆ.—Woodcock, Scolopax rusticula.—Spring: Farn L.H., April 11th, 10.30 P.M., one struck, not killed. Autumn: "First flight," October 16th, 17th, E. and N.E., cold, rain and stormy, covering the whole of the coast from Farn to Thanet, "Great flight" on night of 22d and 23d, and 23d and 24th October, E. and N.E. gale, large numbers striking the east coast at Longstone L.H.. Coquet L.H., Teesmouth, Whitby, Flamborough (swarmed). Spurn (seventy-nine shot by one party morning of 24th). Lincolnshire coast, great numbers. Yarmouth, less. This flight was composed of the small, dark, reddish Scandinavian bird, and the same applies also to the later flights on the east coast. Other arrivals were Farn L.H., October 31st, seven. Longstone L.H., November 4th, eleven. Farn L.H., same date, W.N.W. (4), seven. Leman and Ower L.V., November 13th, one killed. Thanet, November 11th and 12th. Yarmouth, November 20th, many, and a few at various stations to end of month, and also in December. A flight is recorded during the last week in January 1886, at Northrepps and Thanet. Double Snipe, Gallinago major.—Longstone L.H., September 15th, one. Common Snipe, G. cœlestis.—Spring: Longstone L.H., April 3d, S.W., two, to E. Autumn: Yarmouth, September 12th, W., strong, many. Farn L.H., October 31st. Dudgeon L.V., November 11th, rush; and North-East Lincolnshire, on 24th, very large numbers. Jack-Snipe, G. gallinula.—Lincolnshire coast, September 23d. Farn L.H., October 12th, N.N.E., and again on 31st. Longstone L.H., 17th, and November 11th; and East Lincolnshire, November 24th, great rush with Common Snipe. Dunlin, Tringa alpina.—Spring: Yarmouth, May 10th, large flocks in summer plumage. Autumn: Languard L.H., August 1st, very large flock, the first. Redcar, September 27th, in flocks all day to W. Little Stint, T. minuta.—Cley , September 7th to 10th, several. Yarmouth, 8th, a few. Temminck's Stint, T. temmincki.—Yarmouth, September 8th, one. Pygmy Curlew, T. subarquata.—Roker, August 6th, 3 P.M., W., two. Knot, T. canutus.—Longstone L.H., August 14th, shot in summer plumage. Spurn, 20th, a few in summer plumage. Yarmouth, September 6th, large flight. Redcar, 10th, W. half gale, flock; 12th, two flocks, young birds. Cley, 22d, large flock. Puff, Machetes pugnax.—Spring: Yarmouth, June 4th, four shot in summer plumage. Autumn: Redcar, August 31st, one young Puff. Cley, September 12th, several Peeves seen, one shot. Lincolnshire coast, October 3d, one Peeve shot. Sanderling, Calidris arenaria.—Spring: Yarmouth, April 6th, many in company with Ringed Plover. Return, Spurn August 12th. Common Sandpiper, Totanus hypoleucus.—Spurn, August 27th. Cley, September 10th, many. Green Sandpiper, T. ochropus.—Spurn, August 22d to 26th. Yarmouth, same date, many. Wood Sandpiper, T. glareola.—Yarmouth, August 22d. Common Redshank, T. calidris.—Tees L.V., August 2d, many. Spotted Redshank, T. fuccus.—Yarmouth, August 22d, one shot. Greenshank, T. canescens.—Spring: Yarmouth, April 26th, at Breydon. Autumn: Spurn, August 24th, young female. Bar-tailed Godwit, Limosa lapponica.—Spurn, August 20th, in summer plumage. Yarmouth, September 8th, several Godwits on coast. Cley, September 12th to 25th, a constant succession. Black-tailed Godwit, L. ægocephala.—Cley, September 15th, old bird shot. Whimbrel, Numenius phœopus.—Spring: Great Cotes, May 16th, many. Autumn: Tees L.V., August 2d and 15th. Redcar, 12th, last on September 11th. Yarmouth, August 19th, many. Roker, near Sunderland, August 31st and September 1st, very high. Longstone L.H., September 20th, two. Cley, September 23d, last. Curlew, N. arquata.—Spring: Whitby, April 9th, 11.30 P.M., great flock round light. Autumn: Tees L.V., August 15th. Whitby, September 12th, to south. Orfordness L.H., October 8th, night, large numbers, one killed. Dudgeon L.V., October 21st, 3 A.M., about lantern; and November 25th, ten, S.E. to N.W. Leman and Ower L.V., October 29th, to S.; November 12th, to S.W., rush; 13th, one killed. East Goodwin L.V., November 12th, one killed.

LARIDÆ.—Arctic Tern, Sterna macrura.—Longstone L.H. May 15th, first heard. August 9th, most left breeding haunts. September 2d, a few about. Little Tern, S. minuta.—Spring: Spurn, April 15th, first. May 5th, many. Yarmouth, April 25th and 26th, on Breydon. Languard L.H., May 9th, two. Sandwich Tern, S. cantiaca.—Farn L.H., April 12th, first heard. August 9th, "most have left breeding places." September 1st to 30th, great flocks all round islands. Terns.—Redcar, August 12th, all day passing; 13th, less. September 4th, great many common Terns at sea; 11th, the same. Yarmouth, September 14th, flocks of young Terns to S. 22d May, at sea, going S.

LARINÆ.—Gulls.—Whitby, February 10th, Herring Gulls first came to cliffs early morning; July 9th, first young on wing; August 29th, young and old left for sea. Farn L.H., April 12th, Lesser Black-Backed Gulls first returned to nesting quarters. Little Gull, Larus minutus.—Redcar, September 9th, one young shot. Flamborough, October 3d, three shot. Languard L.H., September 3d, two "Cream-Coloured Gulls," the first seen here.

STERCORARIINÆ.—Skuas.—Farn L.H., August 11th, several chasing Terns. September 10th, two Buffon's Skua. Redcar, August 13th, one Richardson's Skua; 31st, two or three; September 7th and 10th, very plentiful at sea. Longstone L.H., September 2d, many Skua along shore. Cley, 25th, some Skua seen. Llyn Wells L.V., October 10th, 7 A.M. to 9.30 P.M., flock of 130 "Boatswain Skua;" 13th, flocks of Gulls and Skua. February 8th, 1886, great numbers of Skua Gulls.

PROCELLARIIDÆ.—Storm Petrel, Procellaria pelagica.—Languard L.H., October 25th, 2.15 A.M., one caught. Farn L.H., October 31st, S.S.E., one struck, not killed; November 10th, S., one at daylight on gallery. Kentish Knock L.V., November 11th, night, several. South Sand Head L.V., 11th, two on board. Hasbro' L.V., 12th, twenty all night, four killed. Coquet L.H., November 14th, N.W. (six), one caught on lantern. Shearwater.—Longstone L.H., September 2d, one, all black, seen. Fulmar Petrel, Fulmarus glacialis.—Yarmouth, October 31st, caught at sea. Redcar, three shot early in November.

ALCIDÆ.—Common Guillemot, Lomvia troile.—Flambro', February 5th, 1885, great number off breeding quarters. Longstone L.H., March 7th, many on the rocks, "are seven days earlier than in 1884." Farn L.H., February 25th, "thousands flying near nesting haunts." April 12th, "have taken to rocks." November 28th several Black Guillemot off island. Little Auk, Mergulus alle.—Longstone, October 14th, two. Puffin, Fratercula arctica.—Farn L.H., April 12th, returned to nesting quarters. Longstone, 14th, first seen, "four days earlier than last year."

COLYMBIDÆ.—Farn L.H., September 18th, two Great Northern Divers to N. December 13th, several Red-Throated Divers and two Great Northern Divers off island. Podicipitidæ, Farn L.H., September 15th, Red-Necked Grebe seen off island.

General Notes.

With reference to the rush of birds on October 16th and 17th, Mr Thomas O. Hall of the Longstone L.H. writes:—"October 16th. Starlings and Redwings commenced to come at 1.30 A.M., and continued to daylight; after that they continued to come all day, but not in large numbers. One Tree Sparrow. Wind easterly. October 17th. An enormous rush of Redwing and Starling; not many of the other kinds, only a few Blackbirds and Larks. One Woodcock was injured against the lantern, one Jacksnipe killed, also one Brambling. One female Redstart seen. Several Woodcock were shot on the adjacent islands by a boat from shore, so that there was a large flight. The rush of birds was continuous from 1.45 A.M. to 5.30 A.M. The greater part of the Starlings caught were young birds. There were also some Knot flying round the lantern, but none struck. The wind was east, with drizzling rain." Again, with regard to the November rush which was continuous on the 10th and 11th:—"November 8th. A few Redwings and Larks heard after dark, and one Fieldfare on the gallery at midnight. Wind S. to S.W., moderate. 9th. A few Fieldfare heard through the morning, and two Skylarks seen at 10.30 A.M. Several Fieldfare and Knot flying round from 6 P.M. till midnight; one Skylark and one Fieldfare caught. Wind from S.W. to S.S.E., and at midnight S.S.E. 10th. Fieldfares flying more plentifully than in fore part of the night, but not striking. No other birds seen. The flight of Fieldfares continued all day, one flock of fifty and another of two hundred passed in afternoon, also five Blackbirds and one Corby Crow in the afternoon. The Fieldfare continued up to 10.38 P.M., when the weather became clearer. One of the large Snipe struck S.E. side of lantern at 9.45 P.M., and was almost smashed to pieces; one Dunlin also killed; wind S. by E. to S.E. by S. 11th. Fieldfares, Redwings, and Blackbirds coming all day and all through the night, also Skylarks. One Jacksnipe killed. Wind from S. round by E. to N.E., light, with passing showers of drizzle. 12th. The same birds as yesterday still coming all day, and continuing up to 11 P.M.; wind from S.W. to W. by N., moderate. At 1 P.M. one Snow Bunting and a Brambling."

Farn L.H.—Mr Thomas H. Cutting:—January 1st, 1886. "Very large flocks of Golden Plover to and from land, a good many Mallard and several Snipe on island; westerly gales, hail and snow, with severe frosts. I was shown a bird picked up on the main shore about three weeks previously, which I identified as a Fulmar Petrel. I remember one being captured about nine years ago."

Coquet Island L.H.—Mr William Evans:—"October 17th. Hundreds of Blackbirds, Thrushes, Starlings, Larks, three Woodcock, one Snipe flying round lantern; one Woodcock killed, and one hundred Blackbirds, Thrushes, Starlings, and Larks."

Dudgeon L.V.—Mr J. F. Warder:—"Seagulls and Puffins are very thin at the Dudgeon Station. Skua Gulls are seldom seen here summer or winter."

Leman and Ower L.V.—Mr John Bowen (Mate):—"November 13th. Large numbers of birds at midnight round the ship and lantern. West (3), O. M. One Curlew, one Woodcock, one Blackbird, three Starlings, four Thrushes, fourteen Redwings, twelve Larks, and one Finch killed; the rest went away at daylight to N.W.

Hasbro' L.V.—Mr B. V. Darnell and J. Nicholas:—"June 7th, 4 P.M., S.S.E. (2), O. M., one Deaths-head Moth caught alive; several small White Moths and Black Flies rested."

Languard Point L.H.—Mr Owen Boyle:—"July 4th, at 9.35 P.M., millions of very small brown-coloured Flies pitched on lantern glass, and to keep the glass clear they had to be washed off. They sting like a mosquito. Wind S. (1), B. C. M."

Hanois L.H., Guernsey.—Mr Charles Williams:—"April 10th, 1885, Cuckoo, two seen on the island, and several Swallows, Whitethroats, and Blue Titmouse, Yellow Wagtails, Yellow Buntings, and Wheatears. The west end of the island was all alive with birds of passage. The morning fine; wind N., light." "September 13th. S.E., cloudy. Silver-gamma Moth all the evening flying about lantern." "September 17th. N.E. (4), O. R. Golden-crested Wrens, Redstarts, Wheatears, Wagtails, Whitethroats, Blackcaps, and Swallows after midnight; a great many killed, and fell into the water." "22d. Winged Ants flying past lighthouses, some settled. S.E., B. C. V., 2 P.M."

In the great rush, October 15th, 16th, E.N.E. (4 to 5), O. M., the species actually shown by the schedules as on migration over the North Sea, were Redwing, Starling, Tree-sparrow, Blackbird, Lark, Thrush, Fieldfare, Water-rail, Hawk, Redbreast, Woodcock, Goldcrest, Snipe, Gray Crow, Snow-Bunting, Ring-Ousel, Chaffinch, Carrion Crow, Wheatear, Rook, Linnet, Hedge-Sparrow, Common Sparrow, Brambling, Short-eared Owl, Knot, Wild Geese, and Jacksnipe; and on November 10th, 11th, S. by E. to N.E., drizzly. Missel Thrush, Blackbird, Grey Crow, Thrush, Redwing, Snipe, Dunlin, Fieldfare, Stormy Petrel, Lark, Lapwing, Goldcrest, Starling, Curlew, Stonechat, Rook, Daw, Ducks, Sparrow, Redbreast, Titmice, Short-eared Owl, Tree Pipit, Snow-bunting, and Brambling, with doubtless many others not distinguished at the time.

From Malmo, Sweden.—Mr Frank E. Newton sends a cutting from a Gotland newspaper, of which the following is a translation:—"A curious circumstance happened at the F[)a]rö Lighthouse on the 20th October. About 8.30 in the evening a sharp report was heard by the man on watch. He immediately went up to the lantern to ascertain the cause, when he found two of the panes of glass broken into small pieces, as well as three "Alfoglar" (Long-Tailed Ducks, Harelda glacialis) lying dead inside. There were also three lamp glasses broken, and a third pane of glass cracked in many places. On the ground below lay nine more birds of the same sort. The Ducks had come from a northerly direction. The flight must have been at a remarkable speed, as the quarter-inch thick glass was smashed into many small pieces."

Schedules have been sent in since the writing of the report from Inner Farn L.H.—Mr Thomas H. Cutting—ranging from February 11th to March 30th, 1886, and recording a large migration of Skylarks during the forenoon on February 19th to the W.; also the movements of Blackbirds, Thrushes, Common Wrens, Lapwing, Snipe, Starlings, Golden Plover, Daws, and "Black Crows." A pair of Wheatears on February 22d, at 5 P.M., and again a pair on March 25th. A small flock of Snow-Bunting on March 13th, and three Fieldfare on the .30th.

Galloper L.V.—Mr P. Frost:—From January 21st to April 12th, 1886, is specially interesting as recording the enormous migration of Larks and Starlings, and in less numbers of Chaffinches, Sparrows, Linnets, and Plover. On the nights of January 21st to 23d, two hundred and twenty-six were killed. Unfortunately Mr Frost fails to state the directions of flights, but, judging from the entries in the schedules sent in by other light-vessels on the south-east coast, they refer to birds on passage both to the Continent and our own shores.

Newarp L.V.—Messrs C. Campbell and W. Rees:—From October 21st to March 21st, 1886, up to February 14th. Crows, Starlings, Larks, Chaffinches, Blackbirds, Thrushes, Fieldfares, Bramblings, and Linnets in greater or less numbers to the W., ceasing on December 11th, and again recommencing on January 23d to February 14th, and then from March 5th to 21st, Starlings, Larks, and Crows passing to the E.

Swin Middle L.V.—Messrs Pender and J. Barrett:—From January 21st to April 3d, 1886; between January 21st to February 15th. Immense flights of Larks, generally during the night, and large numbers killed; also Starlings, Sparrows, and some Chaffinches. On January 24th, five flocks of small birds travelling from N.W. to S.E. On the night of February 14th to 15th, Larks still in great numbers, ninety on deck, and a great many falling into the water, "for two hours the Larks were like a shower of snow." March 28th and 29th, and April 1st, 2d, 3d, Chaffinches at intervals during the morning three or four together, all were male birds, only one female seen. "Ducks" (probably Scoters) "can be seen from this vessel eight or nine months in the year, but on February 10th, 11th, 12th, we had calms and fogs, and the Ducks sat on the water, covering about a mile, the water being black with them."

Lord Clifton writes:—"About twenty Swallows were picked up dead after the northerly gales and rain of October 13th and 14th. Seven were found huddled together alive in a duck's nesting-box in a stable, and one was found dead in a slipper in a bedroom, so desperate were the efforts of the poor birds to find warmth and shelter. House Martins were similarly overtaken." "Golden Oriole."—"On June 9th a bricklayer thought he saw one, and on the 23d a woodcutter said he both saw one and heard it whistle; our people about here are familiar with the general appearance of the bird from its having bred in this park in 1874 and 1875."

General Remarks.

A special point of interest in the report for the East Coast of England was the large arrival of Pied Flycatchers at Spurn and Flamborough in the first week in May 1885, with a north-east wind. This immigration extended northward as far as the Pentland Skerries (see Report from the [East Coast of Scotland]). At Flamborough the Flycatchers were accompanied by male Redstarts.

There was an enormous arrival of Redwings, commencing at the Farn Islands on September 15th, and continued throughout October and November to the first week in December, and covering the whole east coast of England. There was also an immense immigration of Fieldfares, which was specially observed at the Longstone L.H. from November 8th to 11 P.M. on the 12th.

Scarcely second to these in importance was the immense flight of Bramblings, the bulk of which arrived in two great rushes between October 14th and 17th and on November 11th and 12th; this species being reported as more plentiful in the eastern counties than ever previously recorded.

The main body of Woodcocks arrived in two great rushes, the "first flight" on the night of October 16th to 17th, covering the east coast from the Farn Islands to Thanet, and the "great flight" on October 22d to 23d and 23d to 24th between the same islands and Yarmouth. After this. Woodcocks kept dropping in at intervals up to the end of January 1886.

It has been remarked in previous reports that the migration of a species extends over many weeks, and in some cases is extended for months. Yet it is observable that, at least on the east coast of England, year by year, the bulk or main body of the birds which strike the coast come in two enormous and almost continuous rushes during the second and third weeks in October and the corresponding weeks in November. Continued observation also proves that the earlier arrivals, as a rule, refer to the young of the year, and the later to old birds, but with many exceptions.

Birds also continue persistently, year by year, to follow the same lines of flight both in the spring and autumn, and at least nine-tenths of the arrivals at the latter season come directly from the east or from points south of east, moving to the west and north-west. In the spring, when leaving the east coast, they travel in the reverse direction, but still following the old lines. The occurrences of migrants coming from points north of east is quite exceptional.

The fact of a double migration or passage of birds of the same species across the North Sea in the spring and autumn, both to the E. and S.E. and W. and N.W., is very clearly established (see General Remarks, 1884 Report, East Coast of England, pp. 69 and 70). This phenomenon is regularly recorded on the whole of the east coast, but specially observable at those light-vessels which are stationed in the south-east district included in this report; at the same time, it is invariably persistent and regular year by year.

An examination of the reports, seven in number, already issued by the Committee, will show the extreme regularity and precision in time during which the migration of each species is carried on. This applies both to the vernal and autumnal passage; in the vast majority of cases the commencement of the migration occurring on the same day, or within a few days, of a fixed period, so that it would not be difficult to tabulate in advance with almost certainty the normal movement or migration of each species.

The arrivals of rare and occasional visitants have been unusually few; perhaps those of chief interest are the occurrences of the Arctic Bluethroat and Desert Chat at Spurn, the Black-Bellied Dipper in Lincolnshire, the Woodchat Shrike, Serin Finch, and Spoonbill in Norfolk, and the Spotted Eagle in Northumberland.

In the spring the earliest occurrence of our summer visitants is as frequently recorded at the northern as at the southern stations; instance the arrival in 1885 of the Swallow at Spurn on April 8th; the Swift, several, on April 20th; and the Cuckoo at Whitby on April 8th; and in 1886 the arrival of Wheatears at the Farn Islands on February 2 2d. The line of migration of the latter, as yearly observed at the Tees L.V., is from S.E. to N.W.

Addenda to "General Notes," East Coast of England.

Leman and Ower L.V.—Mr T. Artis:—March 19th to 28th, 1886. On March 19th and 25th "Black Crows" N.W. to S.E.; and between March 19th to 28th, Skylarks, Starlings, Chaffinches, and others to W. March 28th, at 9 P.M., S.S.E., fog. One Fieldfare, three Starlings, three Chaffinches, one Woodcock, and three Bramblings killed. Mr Artis also remarks, under date of April 13th, 1886, 5 P.M. and 7 P.M.:—"I have to inform you that this afternoon, being a calm at the time, I saw close to my vessel, about three ship's length off, a very large creature which I believe was some sort of a whale. I never saw such a fish near the Leman and Ower banks (18 fathoms) before. It appeared to be larger than the ship, and came from the N.W., going S.E., and at 7 P.M. he was surrounded by spring herrings—some thousands—leaping out of the water from three to four feet. It was a beautiful sight."

There is a very interesting schedule, which is carried forward to the next report (1886), from the Longstone L.H., Mr Thomas O. Hall. A Woodcock was flushed on the 3d of April on the rock, which flew E. On April 7th, at 9.30 A.M., two flocks of Hooded Crows passed to mainland, wind W., strong; and on the 13th a small flock of Books passed to mainland at 7.30 A.M., wind S.E. and E. There was a great flight of Fieldfares, Redstarts, and Wheatears, and other kinds, round the lantern between 12 and 1 A.M. on the 28th April. As soon as the wind shifted to the N.E. all the birds left.