INDEX.
- A.
- Abbott, Faraday's letters to, [241], [246].
- Aberdeen University, Maxwell appointed professor in, [284];
- Young's report on, [203].
- Absorption, Rumford's experiments on, [185];
- of sun's rays by cloth of different colours, [99].
- Academy of Sciences, Franklin nominated Foreign Associate of, [111].
- Adjustment of the eye, Young's paper on the, [200].
- Æpinus's completion of Franklin's theory, [77].
- Air, Boyle's conception of the constitution of, [19].
- Air-pump, Boyle's experiments with, [19];
- constructed by Boyle, [27].
- American Independence, Declaration of, [113].
- American Philosophical Society, foundation of, [61].
- Ampère's theory, Faraday's views on, [257].
- Anchor-ring experiment, Faraday's, [260].
- Arago's experiment, [264].
- Argand lamp, efficiency of, [188].
- Armstrong gun, principle of the, [180].
- Atmospheric electricity, Faraday's experiments on, [254];
- obtained by a pointed rod, [84].
- Autobiography of Franklin, [39].
- Availability of energy, [326].
- B.
- Baily, Francis, repetition of the Cavendish experiment by, [146].
- Beats in music, explanation of, [209].
- Beggary in Bavaria banished by Rumford, [164].
- Bernoulli's, Daniel, molecular theory of gases, [299].
- Boston, blockade of, [110].
- Boyle, Hon. Robert, birth, [8];
- conversion, [11];
- first air-pump, [17];
- conception of the constitution of the air, [19];
- experiments with the air-pump, [19], et seq.;
- argument on the cause of a vacuum, [23];
- experiments establishing his law, [25];
- statement of his law, [29];
- observations on cold, [32],
- and on the expansion of water in freezing, [33];
- experiments on induced magnetism, [34];
- the province of experimental science, [37].
- Boyle's law, [29].
- Brocklesby, Dr., death of, [208].
- Brougham's criticisms of Thomas Young, [218].
- Bumper, electrical, [80].
- C.
- Camera obscura, invention of, [2].
- Canada balsam, stresses in, [298].
- Candle-flame, effect of, in discharging electricity, [75].
- Capacity, electrical, [137];
- Franklin's experiments on, [81], [89];
- Cavendish's unit of, [138];
- Cavendish's measures of, [134], [138];
- of disc, measured by Cavendish, [134].
- Capillarity, [228].
- Cascade method of charging Leyden jars, [77].
- Cavendish, Hon. Henry, F.R.S., birth and parentage, [126];
- social habits, [127];
- appointed member of the R.S. Committee on Lightning-Conductors, [131];
- elected Foreign Associate of the French Institute, [132];
- death, [133];
- proof of the law of inverse squares, [135];
- experiment with the spheres repeated by MacAlister, [137];
- experiments on the torpedo, [140];
- experiments on the resistance of conductors, [142];
- discovery of Ohm's law, [143];
- view of latent heat, [144];
- apparatus for determining the melting point of mercury, [145];
- the Cavendish experiment, [146].
- Cavendish experiment, [146];
- Laboratory, [288];
- Manuscripts, [134];
- Maxwell's work on the Manuscripts, [293].
- City Philosophical Society, joined by Faraday, [245];
- Faraday's lectures to, [251].
- Cold, Boyle's observations on, [32].
- Collinson, Peter, present of, to the Library Company, [72].
- Colour-blindness, Maxwell's experiments on, [296].
- Colour-box, Maxwell's, [297].
- Colours, effect of, on absorption of sun's rays, [99], [186].
- Colours of the spectrum mixed by Boyle, [31].
- Colour-top, Maxwell's, [284], [295];
- Young's, [215].
- Colour-vision, Maxwell's theory of, [294];
- Young's theory of, [214].
- Commonplace-book, Faraday's, [253].
- Compound-interest principle, [316].
- Condenser, use of, in induction coils, [321].
- Conduction of heat, Rumford's experiments on, [186].
- Conductors, multiple, flow of electricity through, [141].
- Conductors necessarily opaque, [307].
- Conservation of energy, Maxwell's statement of the principle of, [325].
- Copley Medal awarded to Franklin, [66], [74].
- Cork, Earl of, autobiography of, [5].
- Creeping of electricity on glass, [139].
- Crystalline lens, fibrous structure of, [200];
- mode of adjustment of, [201].
- Cuneus's discovery of the Leyden jar, [4].
- D.
- Davy, Sir Humphry, appointed professor at the Royal Institution, [174];
- letter of, to Faraday, [244].
- Declaration of American Independence signed, [113].
- Defence of the American Colonies against France and Spain, [62].
- Degree of electrification, [137].
- De la Rive's invitation to Faraday, [249].
- Density of the earth, determinations of the mean, [146].
- Desaguliers on electrics and non-electrics, [4].
- Diagram of colour, Young's, [215];
- Maxwell's, [295].
- Diamagnetism discovered by Faraday, [274].
- Diamonds burned by Davy, [250].
- Dichroism of Lignum nephriticum, [30].
- Discharge, electrical, difference between positive and negative, [87].
- Dissipation of energy, principle of, [326].
- Distilled water, resistance of, [142].
- Double refraction explained by Huyghens, [219].
- Dufay showed that all bodies could be electrified, [4].
- Dynamical nature of heat, suggested by Bacon, [2], [32];
- maintained by Boyle, [32];
- investigated by Rumford, [189];
- established by Joule, [193], [324].
- Dynamical top, Maxwell's, [285].
- Dynamo, constructed by Wheatstone, [318];
- action of, [319];
- essential feature of, [319].
- E.
- Effect of points in discharging electricity, [74].
- Electrical picnic, [80].
- Electrical Standards Committee, [287].
- Electric intensity, [137];
- potential, [137].
- Electricity, first obtained from clouds, [74];
- velocity of, [93].
- Electrics and non-electrics, [3].
- Electrolysis, Faraday's laws of, [266].
- Electro-magnetic induction, discovered by Faraday, [259];
- Maxwell's statement of the laws of, [301].
- Electro-magnetic theory of light, [306].
- Electro-motors, [313].
- Electro-tonic state, conceived by Faraday, [264];
- explained by Maxwell, [302].
- Energy of Leyden jar resident in the glass, [79].
- Eriometer, Young's, [223].
- Ether, Maxwell's illustration of the possible constitution of, [302].
- Expansion of water on freezing, [33].
- Extra current, [268].
- F.
- Faraday, Michael, birth, [238];
- life in Jacob's Well Mews, [238];
- becomes an errand-boy, [239];
- apprenticeship, [239];
- attends lectures at Tatum's, [240];
- constructs a voltaic pile, [241];
- letters to Abbott, [241], [246];
- starts as a journeyman, [243];
- application to Davy, [243];
- appointed assistant at the Royal Institution, [245];
- joins the City Philosophical Society, [245];
- opinions respecting lectures, [246], [247];
- journey with Davy, [248];
- acquaintance with De la Rive, [249];
- crosses the Alps, [249];
- at the Academia del Cimento, [250];
- returns from the Continent, [251];
- lectures to the City Philosophical Society, [251];
- commonplace-book, [253];
- atmospheric electricity apparatus, [254];
- marriage, [255];
- discovery of electro-magnetic rotation, [255];
- of the earth's action on a current, [256];
- letter to E. de la Rive, [256];
- views on Ampère's theory, [257];
- elected F.R.S., [258];
- appointed director of the laboratory at the Royal Institution, [258];
- work on optical glass, [259];
- discovery of induced currents, [259];
- institutes Friday evening lectures, [259];
- anchor-ring experiment, [260];
- magneto-electric machine, [262];
- obtains induced current by action of the earth, [262];
- obtains "magnetic spark," [262];
- explanation of Arago's experiment, [264];
- laws of electrolysis, [266];
- proves the identity of frictional and voltaic electricity, [266];
- experiments on self-induction, [268];
- diagrams of lines of magnetic force, [269];
- conception of lines of electric force, [270];
- ice-pail experiment, [270];
- butterfly-net, [270];
- experiments on specific inductive capacity, [272];
- appointed scientific adviser to Trinity House, [273];
- appointed member of the Senate of the University of London, [273];
- discovery of the electro-magnetic rotation of the plane of polarization, [273];
- investigations in diamagnetism, [274];
- joins the Sandemanian Church, [275];
- lectures before the Prince Consort, [275];
- retirement to Hampton Court, [277];
- death, [277];
- lines of force investigated by Thomson and Maxwell, [300].
- Forbes's, Principal, opinion of Young, [194].
- Foucault's measurement of the velocity of light, [220].
- Fovea centralis, insensibility of, to blue light, [298].
- Franciscus Linus, funicular hypothesis of, [25].
- Franklin, Benjamin, autobiography of, [39];
- birth, [40];
- on the disputatious temper, [42];
- method of learning prose composition, [43];
- tries vegetarianism, [44];
- adopts the Socratic method, [44];
- first voyage to England, [48];
- experience as a journeyman in London, [49];
- views on beer as a food, [49];
- marriage, [54];
- endeavours to attain moral perfection, [56];
- method of reconciling an enemy, [60];
- elected F.R.S., [66];
- second voyage to England, [70];
- begins electrical experiments, [72];
- electrical papers ridiculed by the Royal Society, [73];
- discovers the effect of points, [74];
- one-fluid theory of electricity, [76];
- theory of the Leyden jar, [78];
- invention of the lightning-rod, [83];
- golden fish, [85];
- view of the nature of light, [86];
- kite, [88];
- experiments on capacity, [81], [89];
- experiments on electrical induction, [90];
- proof of the absence of electricity in a hollow conductor, [91];
- third voyage to England, [102];
- examination before the Parliamentary Committee, [105];
- nominated Foreign Associate of the Academy of Sciences, [110];
- signs the Declaration of Independence, [113];
- sent to Paris, [113];
- made Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of France, [116];
- signs the Treaty of Peace, [119];
- elected President of Pennsylvania, [120];
- death, [122].
- Fresnel, awarded the Rumford Medal, [233].
- Fresnel's repetition of Young's experiments, [225].
- Friction as a source of heat, Rumford's experiments on, [189].
- Friday evening lectures instituted by Faraday, [259].
- G.
- Galileo and Torricelli on the pressure of the air, [16].
- Garnett, Dr. Thomas, professor at the Royal Institution, [173].
- Gilbert, Dr., founder of electrical science, [3].
- Göttingen, Young's university course at, [206].
- Graham Bell's telephone, [319].
- Gray, Stephen, discovers electric conduction, [3].
- Grimaldi's fringes explained by Young, [222].
- Gunpowder, Rumford's experiments on, [179].
- H.
- Halos, coloured, Young's explanation of, [224].
- Hawksbee's observations on capillary attraction, [228].
- Heat, a form of energy, [32];
- generated by friction in vacuum, [32];
- generated by friction, Rumford's experiments on, [189].
- Herapath's explanation of gaseous diffusion, [299].
- Herschel's, Sir John, comments on Young's principle of interference, [208].
- Hicks's, Principal, investigations on the influence of temperature on gravitation, [184].
- Hieroglyphics, Young's work on, [234].
- Hobbes, opposition of, to Boyle, [25].
- Hollow conductor, Franklin's experiments on, [91];
- Cavendish's experiments on, [135];
- Faraday's experiments on, [270].
- Honorary degrees conferred on Franklin, [66], [101].
- Hooke's law, [229].
- Hooke, Theodore, founds the Royal Society, [14].
- Huyghens's explanation of double refraction, [219];
- principle, [218].
- Hydrogen, electro-chemical equivalent of, [267].
- I.
- Ice-pail experiment of Faraday, [270].
- Identity of frictional and voltaic electricity, [266].
- Induced currents, discovered by Faraday, [259];
- explained by structure of ether, [304];
- from earth's action, [262].
- Induction coil, [320].
- Induction, Franklin's experiments on, [90];
- self, [142], [306].
- Induction machines, principle of, [316].
- Insulators for lightning-rods, [96].
- Interference, principle of, discovered by Young, [208];
- spectra of, obtained by Young, [225].
- Invisible college, [13].
- J.
- Jenkin, William, discovery of the "extra current" by, [268].
- Joule and Thomson's determination of the heat absorbed by air in expanding, [324].
- Joule, Dr., establishment of mechanical theory of heat by, [193], [324].
- Joule's law, [324];
- proof that heat and energy are equivalent, [324];
- determination of the mechanical equivalent of heat, [325].
- Junto Club, formation of the, [51].
- K.
- Kelland's, Professor, edition of Young's lectures, [212].
- Kinnersley commences lecturing, [73].
- Kite, Franklin's, [88].
- Knobs versus points, [95].
- L.
- Laboulaye's comments on Franklin, [38].
- Laplace's theory of Saturn's rings, [285].
- Latent heat, Black's theory of, [144];
- Cavendish's views on, [144].
- Leonardo da Vinci's observation of capillary attraction, [228].
- Leyden jar, discovery of, [4];
- energy of, resident in the glass, [79].
- Leyden jars charged by cascade, [77].
- Light, Franklin's view of nature of, [86];
- Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of, [306];
- rotation of the plane of polarization of, [273].
- Lightning, effects of, on Newbury steeple, [92].
- Lightning-protectors, Maxwell's, [294].
- Lightning-rod, illustrations of the, [83].
- Lignum nephriticum, dichroism of, [30].
- Lines of force mathematically investigated by Thomson and Maxwell, [300].
- Lines of magnetic force fixed by Faraday, [269].
- Luminiferous ether, the vehicle of electrical action, [227];
- illustration of the possible constitution of, [302].
- M.
- Magdeburg hemispheres, experiments with, by Otto von Guericke, [17].
- Magic squares, Franklin's proficiency in, [66].
- "Magnetic spark" obtained by Faraday, [262].
- Magnetization by induction, Boyle's experiments on, [34].
- Magneto-electric machine, Faraday's, [262], [314].
- Magneto-electric machines, Wilde's, [318];
- objects to be aimed at in the construction of, [315].
- Maxwell, James Clerk, birth and parentage, [279];
- enters Edinburgh Academy, [280];
- letters to his father, [280];
- early papers before the Royal Society of Edinburgh, [281];
- visit to Mr. Nicol, [281];
- experiments with unannealed glass, [282];
- enters the University of Edinburgh, [282];
- enters Peterhouse, [282];
- migrates to Trinity, [282];
- degree in Cambridge, [283];
- elected Fellow of Trinity, [284];
- appointed Professor at Marischal College, [284];
- marriage, [287];
- essay on Saturn's rings, [285];
- dynamical top, [285];
- appointed professor at King's College, [287];
- lecture on colour at the Royal Institution, [287];
- work on the Electrical Standards Committee, [287];
- appointed Professor of Experimental Physics at Cambridge, [288];
- plans the Cavendish Laboratory, [288];
- lectures at Cambridge, [290];
- work on the Cavendish Manuscripts, [134], [293];
- delivers the Rede Lecture, [293];
- method of protecting buildings from lightning, [294];
- death, [294];
- colour-top, [295];
- experiments on colour-blindness, [296];
- colour-box, [297];
- awarded the Rumford Medal, [297];
- wheel of life, [297];
- real-image spectroscope, [298];
- discovery of stresses in Canada balsam, [298];
- of the insensibility of the fovea centralis to blue light, [298];
- statistical method, [299];
- explanation of the viscosity of gases, [299];
- investigations of Faraday's lines of force, [300];
- statement of the laws of electro-magnetic induction, [301];
- mechanical illustration of the ether, [302];
- explanation of induced currents, [304];
- of the mechanical action between currents and currents, and between magnets and currents, [304];
- of self-induction, [306];
- electro-magnetic theory of light, [306];
- contrivance for overcoming the principle of the dissipation of energy, [328].
- Maxwell's experiment for showing electro-magnetic rotation, [258].
- Mayer's determination of the mechanical equivalent of heat, [323].
- Mechanical equivalent of heat, definition of, [193];
- Rumford's determination of, [192].
- Mercury, melting point of, [145].
- Mirabeau's declamation on Franklin, [123].
- Mixed plates, colours of, [223].
- Moral perfection, Franklin's endeavour to attain, [56].
- Mother-of-pearl, Young's explanation of the colours of, [224].
- N.
- Nautical Almanack, Young appointed superintendent of the, [232].
- Newton's analysis and synthesis of white light, [213];
- rings, Young's explanation of, [222];
- theory of light, [219].
- Nicol prisms given to Clerk Maxwell, [282].
- O.
- Œrsted's discovery, [255].
- Ohm's law, discovered by Cavendish, [143];
- meaning of, [143].
- Optical glass, Faraday's work on, [259].
- Otto von Guericke, contributions of, to electricity, [3];
- experiments of, with the Magdeburg hemispheres, [17].
- P.
- Paris, Dr., Faraday's letter to, [243].
- Pascal takes a barometer up the Puy de Dome, [17].
- Pennsylvania fireplace invented by Franklin, [63];
- Gazette published by Franklin, [53].
- Perpetual motion, Rumford's contrivances for, [150];
- impossibility of, [322].
- Philadelphia, Franklin's first arrival in, [46];
- Library, foundation of the, [55].
- Photometer, Rumford's, [187].
- Pigments, effects of mixing, [217].
- Points versus knobs, [95], [131].
- Polarization, explained by transverse vibrations, [226];
- of light discovered by Malus, [226].
- "Poor Richard's Almanack," [60].
- Pressure of the air the cause of suction, [29].
- R.
- Radiation, Rumford's experiments on, [184];
- of cold, Rumford's experiments on, [186].
- Rede Lecture, delivered by Clerk Maxwell, [293].
- Refraction of light, laws of, [1];
- mentioned by Pliny, [1].
- Relative economy of different sources of light, [188].
- Resistance of conductors, Cavendish's experiments on, [142].
- Roemer, measurement of the velocity of light by, [2].
- Rosetta Stone, discovery of the, [234];
- inscription on, [234].
- Royal Institution, foundation of the, [169];
- Young's lectures at the, [212];
- Faraday's appointment at the, [245];
- Maxwell's lecture on colour at the, [287].
- Royal Society, origin of the, [13-15].
- Rumford, Count, birth and parentage, [148];
- life as a medical student, [153];
- becomes a schoolmaster at Concord, [154];
- marriage, [154];
- summoned before the Committee of Safety, [156];
- imprisoned at Woburn, [156];
- first journey to London, [158];
- receives an appointment in the Colonial Office, [158];
- experiments on the explosion of gunpowder, [158], [179];
- elected F.R.S., [158];
- made lieutenant-colonel in the British army, [159];
- promoted to colonel, [160];
- visits Elector of Bavaria, [160];
- cured of martial ambition, [160];
- enters the service of the Elector of Bavaria, [161];
- knighted by George III., [161];
- reforms in the Bavarian army, [162];
- attack on the beggars, [163];
- made Count of the Holy Roman Empire, [165];
- robbed of his manuscripts, [166];
- visited by his daughter, [166];
- his roaster, [166];
- experiments on fire-places, [166];
- founds the Rumford Medal, [167];
- appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Great Britain, [169];
- founds the Royal institution, [169];
- plans for the Institution, [169];
- residence in Paris, [175];
- marriage with Madame Lavoisier, [175];
- death; [176];
- Cuvier's éloge on, [176];
- statue at Munich, [178];
- experiments on the conduction of heat in fluids, [181];
- on the convection of heat in viscous liquids, [184];
- on the weight of heat, [185];
- on radiation, [185];
- on the conduction of heat, [186];
- on the apparent radiation of cold, [187];
- shadow-photometer, [188];
- experiments on the relative economy of candles and tapers, [188];
- on the traction of carriages, [189];
- on friction as a source of heat, [189];
- determination of the mechanical equivalent of heat, [192].
- Rumford Medal, foundation of the, [167];
- recipients of the, [167];
- awarded to Fresnel, [233];
- awarded to Clerk Maxwell, [297].
- Rumford roaster, [166].
- S.
- "Sandford and Merton," influence of, on the negro traffic, [197].
- Saturn's rings, Maxwell's essay on, [285].
- Sea-water, resistance of, [142].
- Séguin's attempt to measure loss of heat in the steam-engine, [323].
- Self-induction, effect of, on sudden discharge, [142];
- of electro-magnet, [268];
- effect of, in induction coil, [321].
- Sensation of heat, cause of, [33].
- Seraphic love, Boyle's essay on, [15].
- Shaw's, Dr., comments on Boyle, [37].
- Snellius's laws of refraction, [1].
- Socratic method adopted by Franklin, [44].
- Specific inductive capacity, discovered by Cavendish, [139];
- rediscovered by Faraday, [272].
- Spectral colours, mixed by Boyle, [31];
- mixed by Maxwell, [297].
- S.P.G., foundation of the, [30].
- Spheroidal waves in Iceland-spar explained by Young, [226].
- Stamp Act, [112].
- Standards Commission, report of, [232].
- Statistical method, Maxwell's, [299].
- Steeple struck by lightning at Newbury, [92].
- Stereoscope, Maxwell's real-image, [298].
- Stokes's, Professor G. G., exhibition of the bright centre in the shadow of a disc, [222].
- Suction caused by atmospheric pressure, [29].
- Surface-tension, [228];
- suggested by Segner, [229];
- Young's investigations on, [229].
- T.
- Table of results of experiments on Boyle's law, [27].
- Tatum's lectures on natural philosophy, [240].
- Telephone, Graham Bell's, [319].
- Temperature, its nature, [33].
- Thermometers first hermetically sealed, [2].
- Thomson's, Professor James, application of the principle of dissipation of energy to the freezing of water under pressure, [327].
- Thomson's, Sir William, statement of the principle of dissipation of energy, [327];
- vortex theory of matter, [312];
- mirror galvanometer, [313];
- replenisher, [316].
- Thunder-storms, Franklin's theory of, [81].
- Torpedo, Cavendish's experiments on the, [140];
- Davy's experiments on the, [251].
- Traction of carriages, Rumford's experiments on, [189].
- Trial plate used by Cavendish, [139].
- Tyres, relative advantages of broad and narrow, [189].
- U.
- Undulatory theory founded by Hooke and Huyghens, [218].
- Union of the American States, Franklin's plan for, [68].
- University of Philadelphia, foundation of the, [64].
- V.
- Vacuum, Boyle's argument on the cause of a, [23].
- Velocity of electricity, [93];
- of light measured by Roemer, [2];
- of light deduced from electro-magnetic theory, [306].
- Viscosity of gases explained by Maxwell, [299].
- Voltaic pile constructed by Faraday, [241].
- Vortex theory of matter, [312].
- Voss machine, [316].
- W.
- Wallis, Dr., account of the Royal Society by, [14].
- Wealth, ways to acquire, [100].
- Wheel of life, Clerk Maxwell's, [297].
- Wilson, Dr., account of Cavendish by, [132], [147].
- Y.
- Young, Thomas, Principal Forbes's opinion of, [194];
- birth and parentage, [194];
- early education, [195];
- becomes a London medical student, [199];
- paper on the power of adjustment of the eye, [199];
- elected F.R.S., [200];
- visit to Cornwall, [201];
- first visit to the Duke of Richmond, [201];
- enters the Medical School at Edinburgh, [202];
- declines secretaryship to the Duke of Richmond, [202];
- visits Gordon Castle, [204];
- visits Inverary Castle, [205];
- enters the University of Göttingen, [206];
- examination in medicine at Göttingen, [207];
- enters Emmanuel College, [207];
- discovers the principle of interference, [208];
- appointed Professor of Natural Philosophy at the Royal Institution, [174], [210];
- lectures at the Royal Institution, [212];
- theory of colour-vision, [214];
- his colour-top, [215];
- colour-diagram, [215];
- his Bakerian lectures, [218];
- explanation of the rectilinear propagation of light, [221];
- of Newton's rings, [222];
- eriometer, [223];
- explanation of coloured halos, [224];
- of the colours exhibited by mother-of-pearl, [224];
- interference spectra, [225];
- explanation of spheroidal waves in Iceland-spar, [226];
- of the colours of thin plates, [227];
- hypothesis of an electric ether, [227];
- investigations on surface-tension, [229];
- modulus of elasticity, [230];
- his marriage, [231];
- appointed physician in St. George's Hospital, [231];
- superintendent of the Nautical Almanack, [232];
- death, [233].
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