Numbers and Losses
| North | South[1] | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 22,400,000 | 9,103,000[2] |
| Military Age Group (18-45) | 4,600,000 | 985,000 |
| Trained Militia 1827-1861 | 2,470,000 | 692,000 |
| Regular Army January, 1861 | 16,400 | 0 |
| Military Potential 1861 | 2,486,400 | 692,000 |
| Total Individuals in Service 1861-1865 | 2,213,400 | 1,003,600 |
| Total Strength July, 1861 | 219,400 | 114,000 |
| Total Strength January, 1863 | 962,300 | 450,200 |
| Peak Strength 1864-1865 | 1,044,660 | 484,800 |
| Army | 980,100 | 481,200 |
| Navy | 60,700 | 3,000 |
| Marines | 3,860 | 600 |
| Total Hit in Battle | 385,100 | 320,000 |
| Total Battle Deaths | 110,100 | 94,000 |
| Killed in Battle | 67,100 | 54,000 |
| Died of Wounds | 43,000 | 40,000 |
| Wounded (not mortally)[3] | 275,000 | 226,000 |
| Missing in Action | 6,750 | —- |
| Captured[4] | 211,400 | 462,000 |
| Died in Prison | 30,200 | 26,000 |
| Died of Disease | 224,000 | 60,000 |
| Other Deaths | 34,800 | —- |
| Desertions[5] | 199,000 | 83,400 |
| Discharged | 426,500 | 57,800 |
| Surrendered 1865 | 174,223 |
[1] Confederate figures are based upon the best information and estimates available.
[2] Includes 3,760,000 slaves in the seceded states.
[3] A number of these were returned to duty. In the Union Army, those who were not fit for combat were placed in the Veteran Reserve Corps and performed administrative duties.
[4] An undetermined number were exchanged and returned to duty.
[5] Many deserters returned to duty. In the Union Army, where $300 bounty was paid for a 3-year enlistment, it was not uncommon to find a soldier picking up his bounty in one regiment and then deserting to join another unit just for the additional bounty.