LETTER IX.
To the distinguished, and accomplished John Vlackveld, Physician at Harlem.
Learned Sir,—Your much esteemed letter reached me safely, in which you not only exhibit your kind consideration of me, but display a singular zeal in the cultivation of our art.
It is even so. Nature is nowhere accustomed more openly to display her secret mysteries than in cases where she shows traces of her workings apart from the beaten path; nor is there any better way to advance the proper practice of medicine than to give our minds to the discovery of the usual law of nature, by the careful investigation of cases of rarer forms of disease. For it has been found in almost all things, that what they contain of useful or of applicable, is hardly perceived unless we are deprived of them, or they become deranged in some way. The case of the plasterer[409] to which you refer is indeed a curious one, and might supply a text for a lengthened commentary by way of illustration. But it is in vain that you apply the spur to urge me, at my present age, not mature merely but declining, to gird myself for any new investigation. For I now consider myself entitled to my discharge from duty. It will, however, always be a pleasant sight for me to see distinguished men like yourself engaged in this honorable arena. Farewell, most learned sir, and whatever you do, still love.
Yours, most respectfully,
William Harvey.
London, 24th April 1657.
GENERAL INDEX.
[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [K], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [W], [Y], [Z]
Abdomen of the fowl, its anatomy, [195].
Acetabula of the uterus, [566].
Air-cells of birds described, [174].
Air-cavity of the egg, [214].
Albumen ovi, [211];
two albumens, [212].
is the fluid first consumed, [393].
and vitellus, both serve for the nourishment of the embryo, [393].
uses of the, [444].
Aldrovandus, on the chick, [227].
Allantois, of the, [551].
Amnion, of the, [551].
of the fluid of the, [555].
Anastomosis, [102], [103]. Harvey has not succeeded in tracing any between vessels of different orders, except in the choroid plexus, the vasa præparantia, and the umbilical chord, [103].
Harvey gives his views of the way in which it is effected, [599].
Anaxagoras, his doctrine of Homœomerism, [409].
Aneurism, observations on an axillary, as illustrating the pulsations of the arteries, [25].
Argent, Dr., dedication of work on heart and blood to, [5].
Aristotle, his ideas of the manner and order of acquiring knowledge, [158].
writes on the formation of the chick, [226].
on the production of a fruitful egg, [287].
confuted by Harvey, [293].
on the manner in which the efficient cause of the generation of the chick acts, [344].
on the order of the parts in generation, [407].
his distinction of parts into genitalia and instrumenta, [410].
Arteries, contain blood only, [11].
contain the same blood as the veins, [11].
dilate, because filled as bladders, they do not expand like bellows, [12].
motions and pulses of the, [24].
their pulses due to the blood thrown into them by the left ventricle, [25].
their coats have no inherent power of pulsation, [111].
cause of their emptiness, [115].
and veins, all have their origin in the heart, [392].
Artery and accompanying vein, division of, to prove the course of the current in each vessel, [120].
Asthma, use of dry cupping and cold affusion in, [119].
Auricles of the heart, observations on, 26 et seq.
Bass Island, notice of, [208].
Bauhin, C., quoted on the motions of the heart, [26].
Birds, their patience and perseverance in incubation, [220].
Blood, its course from the veins into the arteries, [35].
in the lower animals, [35].
in the fœtus, [36].
in the adult it permeates the substance of the lungs from the right to the left ventricle, [40].
quantity of, that passes from the veins to the arteries through the heart, [45], [48], [49], [52].
circular motion of the, [46], [52];
demonstrated from the impossibility of the whole current being supplied by the ingesta, [48].
why so much found in the veins, so little in the arteries, [51].
enters a limb by the arteries, and returns from it by the veins, [54].
its circular and ceaseless motion through the heart demonstrated from the effects of ligatures on the veins, [60].
its circular and ceaseless motion proved by the structure of the valves in the veins, [62].
of the arteries and veins of the same nature or kind, [113].
bright colour of the arterial blood
ascribed to its flowing from a small orifice, [114].
does not flow with equal ease and velocity in all places and through all the tissues, [128].
gives heat to the heart, [137].
cooled in the veins of an extremity, can be felt flowing towards and reaching the heart, [138].
the presence of, in the incubated egg, detected before the pulsation of the punctum saliens, [237].
the primary genital particle, [373].
life resides in the, [376].
is the generative part, [377].
the prime element in the body, [379]
the part first formed, [392].
constituents of, [387];
serum, clot, and mucilaginous matter (fibrine), [388].
thin after a meal, [389].
thick after fasting, [389].
coagulation of the serum by heat, [389].
a circular motion of the, in the embryo chick inferred, [396].
Bursa Fabrieii, [183], [192].
Calidum innatum, on the, [119].
not distinct from the blood, [120].
the innate heat of the, [501].
Cassowary, described, [188].
Chalazæ, [213].
Charles I, dedication of work on the heart and blood to, [1].
Chorion, the, [551].
Chyle, and chyliferous vessels of the, [604].
Chick, production of, from the egg, [225].
Aristotle on, [226].
Fabricius on, [226].
Coiterus on, [226].
Pagismus on, [226].
of the exclusion of the, [264].
how engendered from the egg, [323], [325].
of the matter of the, and how it is produced, [333].
is produced by epigenesis, [336].
arises or is constituted by a principle or soul inherent in the egg, [395].
Cicatricula of the egg, [215].
the most important part of the egg, [215], [396].
the reproductive point in the egg, [332].
the generation of the embryo there begun, [396].
Circulation, Harvey’s first idea of the, [46].
summary view of the, [68].
confirmed by certain probable reasons and considerations, [68].
proved by certain consequences, [71].
confirmed from the structure of the heart in various tribes of animals, [75].
on the, to J. Riolan, 1st Disqui, [89];
2d Disquis, [109].
those who ask to what end? answered, [122].
recapitulation of the facts and arguments contained in the work on the heart and blood, [132].
further illustrated in letter to Slegel, [596].
Cloaca, of the, including the orifice of the hen’s uterus, [180].
Cock, of the, and the particulars most remarkable in, [309].
is the prime efficient of the fruitful egg, [309].
Coiter, on the chick, [227].
Colliquamentum ovi, [232].
Columbus, Harvey refers to him on the pulmonary circulation, [15], [41].
Conception, the opinions of physicians on, shown to be erroneous, [294].
first appearance of, in the deer, [482].
is perfected about the middle of November, [484].
apt to happen just before or immediately after the catamenia, [544].
on, [575].
Conceptions, observations on, 486 et seq.
Conviction, means of acquiring, of physical truths, [130].
Contagion, Harvey ascribes impregnation to a kind of, [321].
nature of, [610].
Deer, taken as illustrating viviparous generation in general, [466].
of the uterus of the female, [467].
intercourse of the hart and hind, buck and doe, [474].
Descartes, Harvey mentions him with thanks, [139].
Diuretic drinks, their rapid effects quoted in illustration of the rapid course of the blood, [40].
Efficient causes of the generation of the chick, [340].
enumeration of, [343].
manner in which the efficient cause acts, according to Aristotle, [344].
Fabricius’s opinion of the, refuted, [350].
of the chick, the inquiry very difficult, [355].
of animals, and its conditions, [360].
Harvey again refers it to a contagion, 363 et seq.;
employed by a cause prior and superior to, and more excellent than, either male or female, [366].
Egg of the hen, chosen as the subject for studying generation, [169].
history of the, [169].
its growth in the ovary, [175].
air-cavity of, [214].
extension of, [201].
increase and nutrition of, [202].
manner in which the yelk is surrounded by the white, [203].
shell of the, [204];
is formed internally, [206].
case of double, or one egg including another, [206].
albumen of, [211].
examination of, after the 1st day’s incubation, [228].
effect of the 2d day’s incubation on the, [232].
3d inspection of the, [234].
4th inspection of the, [243].
5th inspection of the, [252].
6th inspection of the, [256].
inspection of the, after the 10th day, [257].
inspection of the, after the 14th day, [259].
of the nature of the, [270].
is a conception proceeding from male and female, [271], [284].
is a beginning and an end, [271].
corresponds with the seed of a plant, [271].
is an exposed uterus, [272].
includes all that is requisite to reproduction, [274].
differences between the fruitful and the unfruitful, [275].
vital principle or soul of the, [275].
the product of the vital principle, not of the uterus, [279].
of the manner in which a fruitful egg is produced, according to Aristotle, [287];
disputed by Harvey, [293].
the perfect hen’s, is of two colours, [303].
manner in which it is increased by the albumen, [305].
of what the cock and hen severally contribute to the, [307].
manner in which the generation of the chick takes place from the, [323].
the barren, compared to fruit without pips or seeds, [371].
umbilical vessels of the, [392].
uses of the, entire, [442].
uses of the several parts of the, other than the yelk and white, [454].
an, is the common origin of all animals, [456].
Eggs, all animals proceed from, [170], [456].
of animals and seeds of plants identical, [170], [271].
diversities of, [216].
of prolific and unprolific, [219].
how often laid, [222].
centenine, [222].
monstrous, [223].
of twin bearing, [268].
Egypt, hatching eggs in, [220].
Embryo of deer, first visible about the 26th of November, [485].
Ent, Dr., his letter to the President and Fellows of the College of Physicians, [145].
he obtains Harvey’s sanction to publish the work on Generation, [148].
corrects the press of this work, [149].
Epigenesis, the chick is produced by, [336].
Experience, value of, [131].
Fabricius, Hieron., his ideas of the uses of the pulse and of respiration, [9].
Harvey selects him as his informant of the way in studying generation, [169].
on the chick, [227].
criticised in respect of his notion of the generation of the chick, [327].
holds the albumen and vitellus to be for the nourishment of the chick, the chalazæ for its formation, [328].
his opinion of the efficient cause of the chick refuted, [350].
on the order of the parts in generation from the egg, [397].
Fishes, have only one ventricle to their heart, [35].
Fruitfulness, the cause of, [291].
Galen, on the uses of the pulse, [9].
his experiment to prove that the arteries contain blood, [11].
his experiment to prove that the arteries expand and are filled like bellows, [13].
on the semilunar valves, and the passage of the blood through the lungs from the right to the left side of the heart, [42].
his experiment performed by Harvey, [110].
Generation, anatomical exercises on, [143].
ideas of physiologists on, [151].
mode of procedure in studying, [163].
seat or place where it occurs, [171].
the male and female of like efficiency in, [296].
how it takes place from the egg, [323];
the same subject continued, [325].
of the chick, efficient cause of the, [340].
all derived from the Creator, [369].
of the order of, and of the primary genital particle, [372].
this is the blood, [373].
on the order in which the parts are produced according to Fabricius, [397];
to Aristotle, [407];
as they appear from observation, [414].
of certain paradoxes connected with, [426].
of viviparous animals, [461].
Aristotle’s definition of, [272].
Harvey, life of, xvii.
his will, lxxxix.
his treatment of his opponents, [109].
injunctions on the subject of prosecuting inquiries in natural science, 152 et seq.
speaks of the loss of his furniture and papers, [481].
Heart, its systole and diastole always associated with the respiratory movements by preceding physiologists, [9].
motions of the, [21].
is diminished in all its diameters when it contracts, [21].
has no power of drawing or sucking in the blood, [23].
and its auricles, motions of the, [26].
the primum vivens, ultimum moriens, [29].
its action, compared to the process of deglutition, [32].
always has auricles or some part analogous to, [30].
and lungs, their intimate connexion, the cause of much difficulty and error to the old physiologists, [33].
acts like a muscle, contracting and putting in motion its charge of blood, [70].
is the sole propeller of the blood, [70].
structure of the, in different tribes of animals, confirms the occurrence of a circulation of the blood, [75].
has only one ventricle in some animals, [77].
is a muscle, and moves its charge of blood, [82].
is styled a muscle by Hippocrates, [82].
enlarged, case of, [127].
of the, as the source of the heat, perfection, motion, &c., of the blood, [136].
is the fountain and origin of all things in the body, [137].
dilatation of the, due to the innate heat, [137].
does not give heat to the blood like a chauffer, [137].
observations on the motion of the fish’s, [139].
its office stated to be the propulsion of the blood, [374].
is insensible, [382].
case in which it could be touched, [382].
the primigenial part, [409].
Heat, innate, of the, as cause of the heart’s pulsations, [137], [138].
innate, of the, [501].
innate, identical with the blood, [508], [510].
Hen, of the, in particular, [313].
discussion on the manner in which she is impregnated, [313];
Harvey ascribes this to a contagion, [315].
sense in which she may be called the prime efficient, [318].
parturition of the, [319].
in how far is she efficient in the production of the egg, and why is the male required, [300].
Hermaphrodite, case of alleged, [185].
Hofmann, Caspar, letter to, [595].
Homœomerism, doctrine of, [409].
Horst, J. D., letters to, [612], [613].
Impregnation, Harvey’s idea of, 190 et seq.
of the whole of the more mature yelks in the ovary by one contact of the cock, [191].
experiment on, [194].
Incubation, effect of the 1st day of, on the egg, [228];
2d day, [232];
3d day, [234];
4th day, &c.
Infundibulum, or second portion of the uterus of the hen, [179].
Intercourse, sexual, of the common fowl, &c., [186].
Jugular vein of fallow deer, division of, to show the course of the contained blood, [126].
Knowledge, manner and order of acquiring, [154];
according to Aristotle, [158].
Lacteals, Harvey refers to the, [604].
and lymphatics, Harvey refers to,
and finds various objections against the, [613];
excuses himself from standing umpire in the controversy concerning, in his letter to Horst, [613];
and from attempting to solve the problem of the use of the newly-discovered vessels, [615].
Laurentius quoted, [18].
Letters of Harvey, 593 et seq.
Life, resides in the blood, [376].
Ligature of spermatic artery in a case of sarcocele, [254].
Ligatures on limbs cause the veins to rise, by preventing the return of the blood impelled into them by the arteries, [55].
Liquor amnii, observations on the, [434].
may be swallowed and serve the fœtus for nourishment, [438].
Liver, its ready permeability by the blood, [41].
shown to be produced from the blood, [254].
Loves, &c., of animals, Harvey promises a treatise on the, [195].
Lymphatics. See Lacteals.
Magnifying glass, Harvey uses one to discover the punctum saliens, [235].
Medical observations, Harvey refers to his, [129].
Membranes and humours of the uterus generally, [551];
of the humours, [557];
of the membranes, [560];
of the placenta, [563].
Mesentery, Riolan’s denial of a circulation in the vessels of the, 92 et seq.
experiment on the vessels of, proposed, [141].
a circulation in the vessels of the, proved by experiment, [141].
Mesometrium of the fowl, [200].
Metamorphosis, of generation by, [338].
Moisture, of the primigenial, [513].
Morison, R., Letter to, [604].
Montgomery, Viscount, case of, [382].
Nardi, John, letters to, [603], [610], [615].
Nutrition, remarks on, [96].
on the, of the chick in ovo, and also of the embryo generally, [434].
Ossa pubis, frequently loosened in labour, [437].
Ova, reflections on the small size of, [320].
aborted human, observations on, [420].
Ovary, of the hen’s, [172].
of frogs, crustaceans, fishes, &c., [175].
Ovum, diversities of ova, [216].
all animals arise from eggs, [456].
Parisanus, on the chick, [227].
Parr, Thomas, examination of the body of, [587].
Parrot, Harvey refers to a pet, belonging to his wife, [186].
Parturition, on, [521].
Harvey’s view of the immediate cause of, [531].
Fabricius’s account of the manner of, [532];
Harvey’s, [533].
case of, where twins were produced, and the mother walked 12 miles afterwards, [547].
Pecquet, Harvey speaks of the discovery by, of the receptaculum chyli, [604].
See Lacteals.
Penis of some birds, [185].
Placenta, of the, [563].
Poisons, morbid, how they affect the system, [71].
Primordium, of the, whence all animals are derived, [554].
Punctum saliens in the egg, first seen after 3 days of incubation, [235].
of the embryo deer, Harvey shows to the King, [485].
first visible about the 19th or 20th November; the embryo becomes visible on the 21st, [486].
Pulmonary veins, were held to convey air from the lungs to the heart, [16].
Pulse, transmitted through vessels whose walls are converted into bone, [112].
Pulsific power does not reside in the coats of the artery, but in the wave of blood impelled by the heart, [111].
Respiration, some observations on the, of the fœtus, [530].
Riolan, J., quoted on the motions of the heart, [26].
his idea of the motion of the blood, [90].
the first anatomical disquisition on the circulation addressed to, [89];
the second disquisition, [109].
Rutting of deer, [474].
Salaciousness of the cock, duck, pheasant, 192 et seq.
Sarcocele, treatment of by tying the nutrient artery, [254].
particular case of, [254].
Secundines, of the, [556].
Seminal fluid, not to be found in the uterus, [295].
discussion on, [297].
Sennert, his opinion quoted as to the nature of the efficient cause, [356].
Senses, their supremacy in matters of fact, [131].
examples of acuteness of the, [218].
Sensation and consciousness, observations on, [432].
Shrimp, action of the heart in the, [30].
Slegel, P. M., letter to, [596].
Spirits, on the, of physiologists, [115].
not distinct from the blood, [117].
Superfœtation, [527].
Systole and diastole of the heart, observations on, [139].
Tread or treadle of the egg, [213];
not the spermatic fluid, [213];
not the reproductive element, [328], [330].
Twin-bearing eggs, [268].
Umbilical cord, of the, [567].
Umbilical vessels of the egg, [392].
Uterine membranes and humours, [551].
Utero-gestation, term of, 521 et seq.
Uterus of the hen, upper portion of, or ovary, [172];
2d portion of, [179];
3d portion of, [180].
of the fowl, of the access of the seminal fluid of the male to the, [190].
of the fowl, other particulars in the anatomy of, [198].
contains neither blood nor semen when conception takes place, [297].
of the deer, of the change that takes place in the, during the month of September, [476];
of October, [478];
nothing contained in, immediately after the rutting season is over, nor during the month of October, [478];
nor till about the middle of November, [481];
its state during the month of November, [482];
its
state in December, [492];
January and February, [499].
observations on the, 538 et seq.
danger of clots or other foreign matters retained in the, [545].
closure of the orifice of the, [545].
Valves, semilunar, of the pulmonary artery, Galen quoted on their use, [42].
in the veins, their structure proves the necessity of a ceaseless and regular motion of the blood, [62].
their sole action is to prevent the blood from passing out of the greater into the lesser vessels, [64].
experiments on the, [64], [65].
Veins of the arm, experiment on, [64], [65];
with the application of cold, [138].
and vesicula pulsans, formed after the blood, [392].
Velabrum covering the uterine orifice in the hen, deer, &c., [179].
Ventricle of the heart, all the other parts made for that, the right ministering to the left, [77].
left, case of rupture of, [127].
Ventricles, motion, action, and office of the, [31].
Vesalius, mistaken in his ideas of the action of the heart, [23].
Vital principle of the egg, [275], [285].
on a, in the egg, [356].
Vitellus, supplies food to the chick, and is analogous to milk, [393].
Viviparous animals, on the generation of, [461];
illustrated from the hind and doe, [466].
Vlackveld, letter to, [616].
Warmth, restored to parts chilled, by the influx of fresh blood, [97].
Yelk, or vitellus of the egg, [175], [212].
of the egg, not altered in taste by incubation, [217].
and albumen, uses of the, [444].
Zephyrus, the wind, [219].
THE END.
C. AND J. ADLARD, PRINTERS,
BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] A certain MS. of Harvey’s, frequently referred to as bearing the date of 1616, and containing the heads of his first course of Lectures at the College of Physicians on the Heart and Blood, is not now in existence, or at all events is not now to be found. At the present time there are only two MSS. at the British Museum which bear Harvey’s name. Of these, one contains notes on the Muscles, Vessels, and Nerves, and on the Locomotion of Animals; the other may be characterized as a book of Receipts or Prescriptions, and though partly the work of a contemporary, contains notes of cases that occurred after Harvey’s death. The former MS. is as certainly in Harvey’s handwriting as the latter is not. In Dr. Lawrence’s[2] time there must have been a third MS. entitled ‘De Anatomia Universa,’ and it was here, in the index viz. which referred to the principal facts in the anatomy of the heart and of the circulation of the blood, that the dates April 16, 17, 18, an. 1616, were encountered. Mr. Pettigrew (Portrait Gallery, vol. iv, Harvey, p. 8), with the assistance of Sir Fred. Madden, made search for this MS. a few years ago, but failed to meet with it. A renewed search for this important document has been attended with no better success.
[2] Vide his Life of Harvey, prefixed to the edition by the College of Physicians p. xxxi.
[3] The birthday in some of the lives is stated to be the 2d of April, for no better reason apparently than that All-fools’ Day should not lose its character by giving birth to a great man. William Harvey, I believe, was born on the 1st of April.
[4] In the register of William Harvey’s matriculation at Cambridge his father is styled Yeoman Cantianus—Kentish yeoman.
[5] Prefixed to the Latin edition of Harvey’s Works published by the Royal College of Physicians, in two vols. 4to, 1766.
[6] To show the esteem in which the Brothers Harvey were held, I may mention among other things that Ludovic Roberts dedicates his excellent and comprehensive work entitled ‘The Merchant’s Mapp of Commerce’ (Folio, London, 1638) to “The thrice worthy and worshipful William Harvey, Dr. of Physic, John Harvey, Esq., Daniel Harvey, Mercht., Michael Harvey, Mercht., Mathew Harvey, Mercht., Brethren, and John Harvey, Mercht., onely sonne to Mr. Thomas Harvey, Mercht., deceased.” The dedication is quaint, in the spirit of the times, but full of right-mindedness, respectfulness, and love for his former masters and present friends; in which relations the Harveys stood to Roberts. Thomas Harvey died in 1622, as appears by his monumental tablet in St. Peter-le-Poore’s church, in the city of London. Eliab and Daniel lived rich and respected, the former near Chigwell, co. Essex, the latter at Combe, near Croydon, co. Surrey. Michael Harvey retired to Longford, co. Essex. Matthew Harvey died in London.
[7] “Gul. Harvey, Filius Thomæ Harvey, Yeoman Cantianus, ex Oppido Folkston, educatus in Ludo Literario Cantuar.; natus annos 16, admissus pensionarius minor in commeatum scholarium ultimo die Mai, 1593.” (Regist. Coll. Caii Cantab. 1593.)
[8] Vide On Generation, p. 186. That Harvey outlived his wife is certain from his Will, in which she is affectionately mentioned as his “deare deceased loving wife.” She must have been alive in 1645, the year in which Harvey’s brother John died, and left her £50.
[9] Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis, 4to, Francof. ad Mœn., 1628.
[10] Aubrey, Lives of Eminent Persons, 8vo, London, 1813.
[11] Ib., vol. ii, p. 383.
[12] Vide Records of Harvey from the Journals of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, pub. by James Paget, 8vo, London, 1846. Harvey, on his appointment to attend the Duke of Lennox, applied to have Dr. Smith chosen his substitute; but the governors proved recusant: “It was thought fit that they should have further knowledge and satisfaction of the sufficiency of the said Mr. Smith;” and they very shortly afterwards gave Dr. Andrews, first, the reversion of Harvey’s office, and by and by they formally appointed him Harvey’s deputy or substitute.
[13] Vide Mr. Paget’s publication already quoted, p. 13.
[14] Vide his procedure for the removal of a sarcocele, ‘On Generation,’ p. 254. “My Lady Howard had a cancer in her breast, which he did cut off and seared.” (Aubrey, Lives, p. 386.) He speaks of having been called to a young woman in labour in a state of coma (On Generation, p. 534); and in another place (Ib. p. 437) he says, in connexion with the subject of labour, ‘Haud inexpertus loquuor,’—I speak not without experience. Vide also p. 545, where he passes his fingers into the uterus and brings away “a mole of the size of a goose’s egg;” and p. 546, where he dilates the uterine orifice with an iron instrument, and uses a speculum, &c.
[15] The embassy left England the 7th of April, and returned about Christmas of the same year. Vide Crowne’s ‘True Relation,’ &c., 4to, London, 1637.
[16] Slegel (P. M.) De Sanguinis Motu Comment., 4to, Hamb. 1650, informs us in his Preface, that, whilst living with Hofmann in 1638, he had sedulously tried to bring him to admit the circulation; Slegel goes on to say, however, that it was in vain, and indeed that Harvey himself had failed to convince him: “Neque tantum valuit Harveus, vel coram (i. e. in his presence) cum salutaret Hofmannum in itinere Germanico, vel literis,” &c. The old man, nevertheless, seems not to have been altogether deaf to reason; Slegel had hopes of him at last had he but lived: “Nec dubito quin concessisset tandem in nostra castra.”
[17] Lives, &c., vol. ii, p. 379.
[18] The author of the life of Harvey in the ‘General Dictionary, Historical and Critical’ (folio, Lond. 1738), the original of all our other lives of Harvey, is certainly in error when he recognizes Harvey as the type of the Physician who takes part in the Dialogue of Hy. Neville’s Plato Redivivus, and assumes that he “relieved his abstruser studies by conversations in politics.” In a third edition of Neville’s work I find it stated that the physician who did so was Dr. Lower.
[19] Feb. 12, an. 164-3/4. “A motion this day made for Dr. Mieklethwayte to be recommended to the warden and masters of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, to be physician, in the place of Dr. Harvey, who hath withdrawn himself from his charge, and is retired to the party in arms against the Parliament.” (Journals of the House of Commons, iii, 397.)
[20] I find a kind of obloquy commonly thrown on the memory of Nathaniel Brent for what is styled his desertion of Charles; but he never deserted Charles; he never belonged to him. Brent, forsooth, had received knighthood at the royal hands in former years; but knighthoods were sometimes forced upon men in those days for the sake of the fees, and often as means of attaching men of mark and likelihood. The truth is that Brent, who was a profound lawyer and scholar, as well as a traveller, was greatly attached to Archbishop Abbott, who had patronized and advanced him through the whole course of his life. In the differences that took place between Abbott, in common with all moderate men, and Archbishop Laud, Brent naturally sided with his friend, led to do so, however, not by blind attachment only, but by natural constitution of mind, which appears to have abhorred the notion of a theocracy in the civil government of England, and to have been unfitted to comprehend the divinity that some conceive to inhere in despotism. Brent was, in fact, a man of such note, that Charles had tried to win him to his party many years before by various attentions and the free gift of knighthood; but this was in times when men were not required to take a side, when they stood naturally neutral. When the time came that it behoved him to show under what flag he meant to fight, Brent was not wanting to his natural bias and to independence. He therefore left Oxford when it was taken possession of by the royal forces, among other adherents of the popular cause, and was simply true to his principles, in nothing false to a patron or benefactor.
[21] “Prithee leave off thy gunning and stay here; I will bring thee into practice.” (Aubrey, Op. cit. p. 381.)
[22] On the monumental tablet of Thomas, the first of the brothers who died, in the church of St. Peter’s-le-Poore, the mottos, doubtless supplied by a surviving member of the family, show this feeling. The inscription is as follows:
As in a Sheafe of Arrows.
Vis unita fortior.
The band of Love
The Unitor of Brethren.
Here Lyeth the body of Thomas Harvey,
Of London, Merchant,
Who departed this life
The 2nd of Feby. An. Dom.
1622.
(Stow’s London, third edit., fol. Lond. 1633.)
John Harvey, Esq., who died in 1645, left his brother William’s wife £50. Eliab Harvey attended particularly to his brother William’s interests; and William at his death returned Eliab’s kindness by leaving him his residuary legatee.
[23] This rather arduous undertaking in those days was accomplished, according to Aubrey, about the year 1649. But I have found so much to excite doubt in Aubrey’s Notes, that I greatly suspect the accuracy of his statement about the journey to Italy.
[24] De Generatione Animalium, 4to, London, 1651.
[25] This statue perished with the building, in the great fire of London in 1666, and seems never to have been replaced. The hall of the present College of Physicians is not graced as was the old one in Harvey’s time. The only sculptures of Harvey that I know of are busts, in the theatre of the College of Physicians and on his monument in Hempstead church, but of dates posterior to their subject, that at the College of Physicians being apparently after the portrait by Jansen in the library, and, as I am informed, by a sculptor of the name of Seemacher.
[26] Aubrey, l. c. p. 378.
[27] There is much information on the life of Harvey in the inscription upon the copper-plate which was attached to his portrait in the old College of Physicians. I give it entire, anxious to set before the reader every authentic word of his times that was uttered of Harvey. This inscription, but, unless I mistake, abbreviated, may be found in printed letters under the bust of Harvey in the theatre of the Royal College of Physicians:
GULIELMUS HARVÆUS,
Anglus natus, Galliæ, Italiæ, Germaniæ hospes,
Ubique Amor et Desiderium,
Quem omnis terra expetisset Civem,
Medicinæ Doctor, Coll. Med. Lond. Socius et Consiliarius,
Anatomes, Chirurgiæque Professor,
Regis Jacobi Familiæ, Caroloque Regi Medicus,
Gestis clarus, omissisque honoribus,
Quorum alios tulit, oblatos renuit alios,
Omnes meruit.
Laudatis priscorum ingeniis par;
Quos honoravit maxime imitando,
Docuitque posteros exemplo.
Nullius lacessivit famam,
Veritatis studens magis quam gloriæ,
Hanc tamen adeptus
Industria, sagacitate, successu nobilis
Perpetuos sanguinis æstus
Circulari gyro fugientis, seque sequentis,
Primus promulgavit mundo.
Nec passus ultrà mortales sua ignorare primordia,
Aureum edidit de ovo atque pullo librum,
Albæ gallinæ filium.
Sic novis inventis Apollineam ampliavit artem,
Atque nostrum Apollinis sacrarium augustius esse
Tandem voluit;
Suasu enim et cura D. D. Dⁿⁱ. Francisci Prujeani Præsidis
Et Edmundi Smith Electoris
An. MDCLIII,
Senaculum, et de nomine suo Musæum horto superstruxit,
Quorum alterum plurimis libris et Instrumentis Chirurgicis,
Alterum omnigena supellectile ornavit et instruxit,
Medicinæ Patronus simul et Alumnus.
Non hic anhela substitit Herois Virtus, impatiens vinci
Accessit porro Munificentiæ decus:
Suasu enim et consilio Dⁿⁱ. Dʳⁱˢ. Edv. Alstoni Præsidis,
Anno MDCLVI
Rem nostram angustam prius, annuo LVI. l. reditu auxit,
Paterni Fundi ex asse hæredem collegium dicens;
Quo nihil Illi charius Nobisve honestius.
Unde ædificium sartum tectum perennare,
Unde Bibliothecario honorarium suum, suumque Oratori
Quotannis pendi;
Unde omnibus sociis annuum suum convivium,
Et suum denique (quot menses) conviviolum censoribus parari,
Jussit.
Ipse etiam pleno theatro gestiens se hæreditate exuere,
In manus Præsidis syngrapham tradidit.
Interfuitque Orationi veterum Benefactorum novorumque Illicio,
Et Philotesio Epulo;
Illius auspicium et pars maxima;
Hujus conviva simul et convivator.
Sic postquam satis sibi, satis nobis, satis gloriæ,
Amicis solum non satis, nec satis patriæ, vixerat,
Cœlicolûm atria subiit
Jun. iii, MDCLVII.
Quem pigebat superis reddere, sed pudebat negare:
Ne mireris igitur Lector,
Si quem marmoreum illic stare vides,
Hic totam implevit tabulam.
Abi et merere alteram.
[28] The Novum Organum appeared in 1620. Though Harvey’s work was not published till 1628, he had developed his subject in 1616, and there is every reason to believe, actually written the ‘Exercit. de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis’ before 1619.
[29] Malpighi, born at Crevalcuore, Bologna, the 10th of March, 1628.
[30] Entitled ‘Exercitationes et Animadversiones in Librum Harvei de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis,’ 4to, London, 1630.
[31] In his work entitled ‘Lapis Lydius de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis,’ folio, Venet. 1635.
[32] Vide Siegel, De Sang. Motu in Præf.
[33] Veslingius’s letters may be found in his Observationes Anatomicæ et Epist. Med. ex schedis pothumis, 12mo, Hafn. 1664. It is much to be regretted that the replies which Harvey doubtless wrote to these epistles have not been preserved.
[34] Animadversiones in J. Walæi (Drake) Disputationem quam pro Circulatione Sanguinis proposuit, 4to, Amst. 1639. Animad. in Theses quas pro Circulat. Sang. Hen. Regius proposuit, 4to, Leidæ, 1640.
[35] Spongia qua eluuntur sordes Animad. quas Jac. Primirosius advers. Theses, &c., edidit., 4to, Leidæ, 1640.
[36] Antidotum adversus Spongiam Venenatam Hen. Regii, 4to, Leidæ, 1640.
[37] Epist. duæ ad Th. Bartholinum de Motu Chyli et Sanguinis, 8vo, Leid. 1641.
[38] Epist. Cartesii, 4to, Amst. 1668.
[39] Apologia pro Circuitione Sanguinis, qua respondetur Æmylio Parisano, 8vo, Lond. 1641.
[40] Harvei vita, ad cap. Operum, London, 1766.
[41] De Corde, Amst. 1649; in English, 12mo, Lond. 1653.
[42] A candour for which he was by and by summoned by an adherent of the old school to resign his chair.
[43] De Sanguinis Motu Commentarius, 4to, Hamb. 1650.
[44] Vide p. 596.
[45] Experimenta nova Anatomica. Acced. de Motu Sanguinis Diss., 8vo, Paris, 1651.
[46] Anatomia ex Casp. Bartholini Parent. Institut. ad Sanguinis Circulationem, tertium Reformata, 8vo, Leid. 1651.
[47] Plempius, Fundamenta Medicinæ, fol. Lovan. 1652, p. 128.
[48] Sanguinis a dextro in sinistrum Cordis Ventriculum defluentis facilis reperta via, fol. Venet. 1639.
[49] Gassendi, ‘De Septo Cordis pervio,’ published in a collection by Severinus Pinæus, 12mo, Leid. 1640.
[50] D. de Marchettis, Anatomia, 8vo, Padova, 1652.
[51] Elementa Philosophiæ in Præfat.
[52] Thomas Nimmo, Esq., of New Amsterdam, Berbice: “On a passage in Shakespeare’s Julius Cæsar.” The Shakespeare Society’s Papers, vol. ii, p. 109.
[53] Shakespeare died in 1616, the year when Harvey began to lecture at the College of Physicians. Harvey and Shakespeare may very well have been acquainted,—let us hope that they were,—but there is no authority for saying that they were friends.
[54] Comment. super Anatomiam Mundini, 4to, Bonon. 1521.
[55] De Re Anatomica, fol. Venet. 1559.
[56] Quæstiones Peripateticæ, fol. Florent. 1569; Quæst. Medicinales, fol. Venet. 1593; De Plantis, Florent. 1583.
[57] Qua autem ratione fiat alimenti attractio, &c. De Plantis, lib. i, cap. 2, p. 3, 4to, Florent. 1583.
[58] Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneikunde, ii Abschnitt, 4 Kapitel.
[59] I pass by unnoticed in my text several names that have been very gratuitously associated with the discovery of the circulation, such as that of Father Paul the Venetian, Walter Warner and Mr. Prothero, Honoratus Faber, &c. The claims of Father Paul have been satisfactorily explained by Dr. Ent in his ‘Apology,’ who has shown that instead of Harvey borrowing from the Monk, the Monk, through the Venetian ambassador to London, who was Harvey’s friend, had borrowed from Harvey. The others do not require serious mention. Dr. Freind has given an excellent summary of the entire doctrine of the circulation in his Harveian Oration, to which it is with much pleasure that I refer the reader for other information. I also pass by the still-recurring denials by obtuse and ill-informed individuals of the truth, or of the sufficiency of the evidence of the truth, of the Harveian circulation. Those who can not see, must, contrary to the popular adage, be admitted to be still blinder than those who will not see.
[60] Dr. William Hunter. Introductory Lectures, p. 59, (4to. Lond. 1784,) to which the reader is referred for a singularly inconsistent and extraordinary string of passages.
[61] On the Arteries, Introduction, p. ix.
[62] On Generation, p. 530.
[63] A True Relation, &c., p. 46.
[64] Aubrey, Op. cit. p. 384. In the printed work the phrase runs thus: “Not only danger of thieves, but of wild beasts.” Crowne’s anecdote suggests the proper reading.
[65] De Venis Lacteis. 4to, Milan, 1622.
[66] First Letter to J. D. Horst.
[67] Letters and Lives of Eminent Persons, 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1813.
[68] Vide Aubrey, Op. cit. p. 381.
[69] On Generation, p. 529.
[70] Ib. p. 182.
[71] Aubrey, 1. c. p. 383.
[72] Epistle Dedicatory to the work on Generation.
[73] Aubrey, p. 383.
[74] Ibid., p. 384.
[75] On Generation, p. 425.
[76] Op. cit. p. 384.
[77] Aubrey, ib. p. 386.
[78] Aubrey gives a positive denial to “the scandall that ran strongly against him (Harvey), viz. that he made himself away, to put himself out of his paine, by opium.” Aubrey proceeds: “The scandall aforesaid is from Sir Charles Scarborough’s saying that he (Harvey) had, towards his latter end, a preparation of opium and I know not what, which he kept in his study to take if occasion should serve, to put him out of his paine, and which Sir Charles promised to give him. This I believe to be true; but do not at all believe that he really did give it him. The palsey did give him an easie passeport.” (1. c. p. 385.)
Harvey, if he meditated anything of the kind above alluded to, would not be the only instance on record of even a strong-minded man shrinking from a struggle which he knows must prove hopeless, from which there is no issue but one. Nature, as the physician knows, does often kill the body by a very lingering and painful process. In his practice he is constantly required to smooth the way for the unhappy sufferer. In his own case he may sometimes wish to shorten it. Such requests as Harvey may be presumed to have made to Scarborough, are frequently enough preferred to medical men: it is needless to say that they are never granted.
[79] On the Tablet placed in Hempstead church to Harvey’s memory are inscribed these words:
GULIELMUS HARVEIUS,
Cui tam colendo Nomini assurgunt omnes Academiæ;
Qui diuturnum sanguinis motum
Post tot annorum Millia,
Primus invenit;
Orbi salutem, sibi immortalitatem
Consequutus.
Qui ortum et generationem Animalium solus omnium
A Pseudo-philosophiâ liberavit.
Cui debet
Quod sibi innotuit humanum Genus, seipsam Medicina.
Sereniss. Majestat. Jacobi et Carolo Britanniarum
Monarchis Archiatrus et charissimus.
Collegii Med. Lond. Anatomes et Chirurgiæ Professor
Assiduus et felicissimus:
Quibus illustrem construxit Bibliothecam,
Suoque dotavit et ditavit Patrimonio.
Tandem
Post triumphales
Contemplando, sanando, inveniendo
Sudores,
Varias domi forisque statuas,
Quum totum circuit Microcosmum,
Medicinæ Doctor et Medicorum,
Improles obdormivit,
III Junii anno salutis CIƆIƆCLVII, Ætat. LXXX.
Annorum et Famæ satur.
[80] The will of Harvey is without date. But was almost certainly made some time in the course of 1652. He speaks of certain deeds of declaration bearing date the 10th of July, 1651; and he provides money for the completion of the buildings which he has “already begun to erect within the College of Physicians.” Now these structures were finished in the early part of 1653. The will was, therefore, written between July 1651, and Febraury 1653. The codicil is also undated: but we may presume that it was added shortly before Sunday the 28th of December 1656, the day on which Harvey reads over the whole document and formally declares and publishes it as his last will and testament in the presence of his friend Henneage Finch, and his faithful servant John Raby.
[81] Lib. ix, cap. xi, quest. 12.
[82] De Locis Affectis., lib. vi, cap. 7.
[83] De Animal. iii, cap. 9.
[84] De Respirat. cap. 20.
[85] Bauhin, lib. ii, cap. 21. Riolan, lib. viii, cap. 1.
[86] [The reader will observe that Harvey, when he speaks of the heart, always means the ventricles or ventricular portion of the organ.—Ed.]
[87] De Motu Animal. cap. 8.
[88] [The Editor begs here to be allowed to remark on Harvey’s obvious perception of the correspondence between that permanent condition of an organ in the lower, and its transitory condition in the higher animals.—Ed.]
[89] [At the period Harvey indicates, a rudimentary auricle and ventricle exist, but are so transparent that unless with certain precautions their parietes cannot be seen. The filling and emptying of them, therefore, give the appearance of a speck of blood alternately appearing and disappearing.—Ed.]
[90] De Placitis Hippocratis et Platonis, vi.
[91] Lib. de Spiritu, cap. v.
[92] De Usu partium, lib. vi, cap. 10.
[93] See the Commentary of the learned Hofmann upon the Sixth Book of Galen, ‘De Usu partium,’ a work which I first saw after I had written what precedes.
[94] Aristoteles De Respiratione, lib. ii et iii: De Part. Animal. et alibi.
[95] De Part. Animal. iii.
[96] i. e. Not having red blood.—Ed.
[97] De Part. Animal. lib. iii.
[98] In the book, de Spiritu, and elsewhere.
[99] Encheiridium Anatomicum et Pathologicum. 12mo, Parisiis, 1648.
[100] Enchiridion, lib. iii, cap. 8.
[101] Enchiridion, lib. ii, cap. 21.
[102] Ib. lib. iii, cap. 8.
[103] Vide Chapter III.
[104] Enchiridion, lib. ii, cap. 18.
[105] Ibid.
[106] Enchiridion, lib. iii, cap. 8: “The blood incessantly and naturally ascends or flows back to the heart in the veins, as in the arteries it descends or departs from the heart.”
[107] Enchirid. lib. iii, cap. 8.
[108] Lib. iii, cap. 6.
[109] Lib. iii, cap. 6.
[110] Lib. iii, cap. 9.
[111] Lib. iv. cap. 2.
[112] [To those who hesitated to visit him in his kiln or bakehouse (Ὶπνω, which some have said should be Ὶππω, rendered a dunghill) Heraclitus addressed the words in the text. Aristotle, who quotes them, has been defending the study of the lower animals.—Ed.]
[113] Vide Chapter III, of the Disquisition on the Motion of the Heart and Blood.
[114] Vide Chapter XIV.
[115] De Generat. Animal. lib. iii, cap. x.
[116] Vide Chapter VI, of the Disq. on the Motion of the Heart and Blood.
[117] Vide Chapter III, on the Motion of the Heart and Blood.
[118] Vide Chapter III, on the Motion of the Heart and Blood.
[119] Vide Chapter XI, of the Motion of the Heart, &c.
[120] [This must have been Christmas, 1650, the year after the violent death of the king.—Ed.]
[121] [Doubtless the Exercitatio de Circulatione Sanguinis ad Riolanum; 12mo, Cantab. 1649.—Ed.]
[122] Lib. i, c. 2, 3.
[123] Post. 2.
[124] Epist. 58.
[125] Analyt. post. lib. i, c. 1.
[126] Ib. lib. ii, cap. ult.
[127] Metaph. lib. i, c. 1.
[128] Plato in Gorgias.
[129] De Gen. An. lib. iii, c. 10.
[130] Arist. De Gen. Anim. lib. i, cap. 20.
[131] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, c. 2.
[132] Hist. Animal. lib. vi, cap. 2.
[133] De Gen. Anim. lib. iii, c. 8.
[134] Op. cit. p. 3.
[135] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 2.
[136] Hist. Anim. lib. v, cap. 5, et lib. vi, cap. 2.
[137] Virgil, Georg. 2.
[138] Ornithol. lib. xx, p. 541.
[139] Gen. Anim. lib. iii.
[140] Op. cit. p. 31.
[141] Op. cit. p. 37.
[142] De Gen. Anim. lib. iii, c. 1.
[143] [The word in the original is chyle, for which, in accordance with modern views, chyme is substituted.—Ed.]
[144] Fab. l. c. p. 17.
[145] De Generat. Animal. lib. iii, cap. 2.
[146] Op cit. p. 11.
[147] Loc. cit. p. 13.
[148] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, c. 2, et de Gen. Anim. lib. i, c. 8.
[149] Hist. Anim. lib. x, c. 52.
[150] De Gener. Anim. lib. iii, c. 2.
[151] Loc. cit. p. 22.
[152] Op. cit. p. 23.
[153] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 2.
[154] Hist. Anim. et De Gen. Anim. lib. iii, c. 1.
[155] Hist. Anim. lib. i, cap. 5.
[156] Ibid. cap. 2.
[157] Op. cit. p. 19.
[158] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 2.
[159] Lib. x, cap. 52; lib. ix.
[160] De Re Rust. cap. 5, Scalig. in loc.
[161] De Re Rust. lib. ii, cap. 1.
[162] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 2; Plin. Hist. Nat. lib. x, cap. 54.
[163] Ibid.
[164] Op. cit. p. 19.
[165] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 2.
[166] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 1.
[167] Op. cit. p. 10.
[168] Aldrovand. Ornithol. lib. xiv, p. 260.
[169] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 21.
[170] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 2, 3.
[171] Ornithol. lib. xiv.
[172] Nobil. Exercit. lib. vi.
[173] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 3.
[174] Ibid. lib. iii, cap. 2.
[175] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 3.
[176] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 3.
[177] Ornithologia, lib. xiv, p. 217.
[178] Loc. supra cit.
[179] Ib.
[180] Liber de Anima.
[181] Op cit. p. 217.
[182] De Generat. Animal. lib. iii, cap. 4.
[183] De Gener. Anim. lib. iii, c. 2.
[184] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, c. 2.
[185] Ib. lib. viii, c. 5.
[186] Ib. lib. vi, c. 3.
[187] Hist. Anim. lib. v, c. 19.
[188] De Gener. Animal. lib. iii, c. 9.
[189] Hist. Anim. lib. v, c. 19.
[190] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 3.
[191] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 3.
[192] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 3.
[193] Op. cit. p. 59.
[194] Plin. lib. x, cap. 53. Arist. Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 3.
[195] In lib. de nat. pueri.
[196] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 3.
[197] Ibid.
[198] De Gen. Anim. lib. i, cap. 13.
[199] Gen. Anim. lib. i, cap. 20.
[200] Loc. cit. p. 47.
[201] De Gener. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 4.
[202] De form. fœt.
[203] Phys. lib. i, cap. 1.
[204] Gener. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 7.
[205] Gener. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 4.
[206] Ibid. lib. ii, cap. 4.
[207] Ibid. lib. i, cap. 20.
[208] [The word anima of the original, which is translated soul above, I shall in what follows generally render vital principle. Ed.]
[209] Op. cit. p. 8.
[210] Gener. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 1.
[211] Ænëid. vi.
[212] Arist. Hist. Anim. lib. v, cap. 32.
[213] De Gen. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 2.
[214] Ibid. lib. iv, cap. 10.
[215] De Gener. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 3.
[216] Hist. Natur. lib. ix, cap. 16.
[217] De Gen. Anim. lib. i, cap. 2.
[218] De Gen. Anim. lib. i, cap. 2.
[219] Op. cit. lib. ii, cap. 4.
[220] Op. cit. lib. i, cap. 2.
[221] Op. cit. lib. ii, cap. 4.
[222] Ibid.
[223] Fabricius, op. cit. p. 37.
[224] De Gen. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 4.
[225] Metaphys. lib. vii, cap. 8.
[226] De Gener. Anim. lib. iii, c. 7.
[227] Op cit. p. 10.
[228] De Generat. Animal. lib. iii, cap. 1.
[229] De Gener. Animal. lib. iii, cap. 1.
[230] Op. cit. p. 12.
[231] Fabricius, op. cit. p. 12.
[232] Arist. Phys. lib. i, cap. 1.
[233] Ib. lib. ii, cap. 3.
[234] Op. cit.
[235] Op. cit. p. 31.
[236] Arist. Hist. Anim. lib. vi, c. 37.
[237] Op. cit. pp. 38, 39.
[238] Arist. de Gen. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 3.
[239] Ibid.
[240] De Gen. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 1.
[241] Hist. Nat. lib. ix, cap. 50.
[242] Lib. xvii, cap. 10.
[243] Nat. Quæst. lib. iii, cap. 27.
[244] Op. cit. p. 28.
[245] De Gen. Anim. lib. i, cap. 18.
[246] Lib. de Nat. Pueri.
[247] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 3, et de Gen. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 1 & 2.
[248] Lib. x, cap. 53.
[249] Op. cit. p. 34.
[250] Op. sup. cit. p. 35.
[251] Hist. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 8.
[252] De Gen. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 4.
[253] Metaph. lib. v, cap. 2; et Phys. lib. ii, tit. 28.
[254] Metaphys. lib. i, c. 2; lib. iv, c. 1.
[255] lb. lib. vii, cap. x.
[256] De Part. Anim. lib. i, cap. 1.
[257] De Gen. Anim. lib. i, cap. 20.
[258] Ibid. lib. ii, cap. 3.
[259] Ibid. lib. v, cap. 3.
[260] De Gen. Anim. lib. iv, cap. 2.
[261] Ibid. lib. iv, cap. 4.
[262] De Part. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 2.
[263] De Gen. Anim. lib. iv, cap. 2; et De Gen. et cor. lib. ii, tit. 30.
[264] De Gen. Anim. lib. ii. cap. 1.
[265] Op. cit. p. 38.
[266] De Gener. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 1.
[267] Hist. Animal. lib. vi, cap. 13.
[268] De Gen. et cor. lib. i, cap. 6.
[269] Polit. lib. i, cap. 4.
[270] De Generat. et corr. lib. ii, cap. 10.
[271] De Gen. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 1.
[272] De Gen. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 1.
[273] Ibid. cap. 4.
[274] Op. Eup. cit. p. 28.
[275] Leviticus xvii, 11, 14.
[276] Hist. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 19.
[277] De Part. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 4.
[278] Hist. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 19.
[279] De Anima, lib. i, cap. 2.
[280] De Hist. Anim. lib. i, cap. 19; et de Part. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 3.
[281] De Part. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 3.
[282] De Hist. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 19.
[283] Ibid.
[284] De Part. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 3.
[285] De Gen. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 1.
[286] Op. supra cit. p. 41.
[287] Op. supra cit. p. 43.
[288] Op. cit. p. 44.
[289] Op. cit. ut. sup.
[290] De Gen. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 4.
[291] Ibid.
[292] De Gen. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 1.
[293] Nat. Quæst. lib. iii, cap. 29.
[294] De Gen. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 4.
[295] Lucret. lib. i.
[296] Loc. sup. cit.
[297] De Gen. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 4.
[298] De Gener. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 4.
[299] Fabricius, Op. cit. p. 46.
[300] Hist. Anim. lib. v, cap. 28.
[301] Metaph. lib. vii, cap. 9.
[302] De Form. Fœtu, pp. 19 et 134.
[303] Lib. de Carn. et de Nat. Pueri.
[304] Op. cit. p. 137.
[305] Loc. cit. p. 50.
[306] Lib. x, de usu part.
[307] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 2.
[308] Lib. x, cap. 52.
[309] Plin. ibid.
[310] Lib. x, cap. 52.
[311] Op. supra, id. p. 47.
[312] lb. p. 48.
[313] Op. cit. p. 48.
[314] Hist. Anim. lib. vii, cap. 2.
[315] De Gen. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 2.
[316] Op. cit. p. 34.
[317] Op. cit. p. 54.
[318] Ib. p. 57.
[319] Ib. p. 55.
[320] Op. cit. p. 55.
[321] Op. cit. p. 55.
[322] Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 3.
[323] Hist. Anim. lib. 5, cap. 1.
[324] Hist. Anim. lib. i, cap. 5.
[325] De Gen. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 9.
[326] Hist. Anim. lib. i, cap. 5.
[327] Ib. lib. v, cap. 29.
[328] Hist. Anim. lib. v, cap. 30.
[329] De Gen. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 9.
[330] De Form. Ovi et Pulli, cap. 1.
[331] De Gen. Anim. lib. 1, cap. 18.
[332] Ibid.
[333] Hist. Anim. lib. i, cap. v.
[334] De Gen. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 9.
[335] Hist. Anim. lib. vii, cap. 7.
[336] Anthropologia, lib. ii, cap. 34.
[337] Lib. viii, cap. 32.
[338] Hist. Anim. lib. i, cap. 5; et De Gen. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 9.
[339] De Gen. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 9.
[340] Hist. Anim. lib. vii. cap. 7.
[341] Hist. Anim. lib. vii. cap. 7.
[342] Lib. de Nat. Mul., de morb. vulg. et s. v, Aph. 45.
[343] De Part. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 3.
[344] Physiologia, lib. iv, cap. 2.
[345] Dictato vii.
[346] De Gen. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 3.
[347] De Gen. Anim. lib. iv, cap. ultimum.
[348] Lib. xxxvi, cap. 16.
[349] De Abdit. rer. caus. lib. ii, cap. 27.
[350] De Gen. Anim. lib. i, cap. 18, et lib. iv, cap. 1.
[351] Lib. iii, de Cœlo, cap. 31.
[352] De Gen. et Corrup. lib. ii, cap. 50.
[353] De Form. Fœt. cap. ix, p. 40.
[354] Hist. Anim. lib. vii, cap. 7.
[355] De Gen. Anim. lib. iv, cap. 8, et lib. vii, cap. 5.
[356] Page 141.
[357] De Gen. Anim. lib. iv, cap. 4 et ult.
[358] Sympos. lib. iii. qu. 10.
[359] Lib. vii, cap. 5.
[360] Hist. Anim. lib. vii. cap. 4.
[361] In Epist. de incerto tempore partus.
[362] Lib. ix, De Nat. Anim. c. ult.
[363] Loco procitato.
[364] Hist. Anim. lib. vii, cap. 4.
[365] Ibid.
[366] De Non Part. lib. xv, cap. 7.
[367] P. 142.
[368] Hist. Anim. lib. v, cap. 34.
[369] Lib. vii, cap. 8.
[370] De Form. Fœt. p. 142.
[371] De Usu Part. lib. xv, cap. 7.
[372] P. 143.
[373] De Gen. Anim. lib. i, cap. 5.
[374] De Gen. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 1.
[375] Lib. de Fœtu.
[376] Com. in Arist. Hist. Anim. lib. vii, cap. 3.
[377] Lib. de Form. Fœt. cap. 1.
[378] Cap. i.
[379] Cap. v.
[380] De Gen. Anim. lib. iii, cap. 9.
[381] Ibid.
[382] Hist. Anim. lib. vii, cap. 7.
[383] Hist. Anim. lib. vii, cap. 7.
[384] Cap. iii.
[385] 5 Aphor. xlv.
[386] Lib. de Dissect. Uteri, cap. ult.
[387] Cap. iii.
[388] De Form. Fœt. p. 122.
[389] Cap iv.
[390] Hist. Anim. lib. vii. cap. 8.
[391] Op. cit. cap. 2.
[392] Analyt. lib. ii, cap. 35.
[393] Metaphys. lib. i, cap. 2.
[394] Metaphys. lib. i, cap. 2.
[395] Ibid. lib. ii, cap. 1.
[396] Arist. Hist. Animal. lib. vii, cap. 6; et De Gen. Anim. lib. i, cap. 17.
[397] Lib. vii, cap. 11.
[398] Physiologia, lib. vii, cap. 3.
[399] De Part. Anim. lib. i, cap. 1.
[400] Physiologia, lib. ii, tract. 3.
[401] De Gen. Anim. lib. ii, cap. 1.
[402] Ibid. cap. 4.
[403] Arist. de Part. Anim. lib. i, cap. 1.
[404] Harvey’s Doctrine.—Ed.
[405] Published at Milan in 1622.—Ed.
[406] [Nardi had written to Harvey requesting him to select a few of the publications which should give a faithful narrative of the distractions that had but lately agitated England.—Ed.]
[407] [Pecquet described the duct as dividing into two branches, one for each subclavian vein.—Ed.]
[408] [Horst, in the letter to which the above is an answer, had said, “Nobilissime Harveie, &c. Most noble Harvey, I only wish you could snatch the leisure to explain to the world the true use of these lymphatic and thoracic ducts. You have many illustrious scholars, particularly Highmore, with whose assistance it were each to solve all doubts.”—Ed.]
[409] [Vlackveld had sent to Harvey the particulars of a case of diseased bladder, in which that viscus was found after death not larger than “a walnut with the husk,” its walls as thick as the thickness of the little finger, and its inner surface ulcerated.—Ed.]
