Railway Construction

by William Hemingway Mills

INDEX

• A

• Accommodation works, [12]
• Air-lock, [119]
• Air-pump, [120]
• Allowances for sinkage on embankments, [70]
• Alteration of gradients, [12]
  • of roads, [6], [10]
• American hand-brake, [46]
• Analysis of steel rails, [193]
• Approach roads to stations, [249]
• Arch culverts, [76]
• Automatical gate-alarm, [336]

• B

• Ballast, [225]
• Bascule bridge, [85]
• Battering-rule, [72]
• Bearing-weights of various materials, [129]
• Beater, [239]
• Bench marks, [66]
• Bissell truck, [58]
• Block crossing, cast steel, [235]
  • telegraph signalling, [18], [338]
• Board of Trade requirements, [18]
• Bog-cutting, [65]
• Bogie carriage, [54]
  • engine, [56], [306]
• Booking-hall, [249], [260]
• Book of reference, [8]
• Borings for foundations, [129]
  • for tunnel work, [164]
• Borrowed earthwork, [61]
• Bottom-pitching, [225]
• Bracket signals, [20], [322]
• Brake-power on gradients, [45]
• Brakes for goods waggons, [46]
• Brick-well foundations, [123]
• Bridges, [79]
  • over public roads, [10]
• Broken stone ballast, [225]
• Buffer-stops, [282]
• Bull-head rail, [191]

• C

• Cab-rank, [251]
• Caisson foundations, [121]
• Cant of rail, [230]
• Carriage accommodation, [353]
  • bogie, [54]
  • dock, [282]
  • traverser, [292]
• Cast-iron column piers, [97]
  • in bridges, [27]
  • saddles, [224]
  • sleepers, [214]
  • tram-plates, [184]
  • tube tunnels, [179]
  • water-tanks, [299]
• Catch-siding, [26]
• Centre line of railway, [32]
• Chairs, [206]
• Channelling ballast, [231]
• Check-rails on sharp curves, [29], [51]
• Cinder ballast, [227]
• Circular running-shed, [289]
• Clay puddle, [127]
• Clocks at stations, [26]
• Coal-drops, [282]
• Coffer-dams, [127]
• Comparison of bull-head and flange rails, [199]
• Compound rails, [190]
• Concrete foundations, [114]
• Continuous brakes, [30]
• Cost of permanent way, [241], [242]
• Covered-way tunnels, [178]
• Crab bolts, [223]
• Cranes, [280], [294]
• Creosoted sleepers, [211]
• Cross-over road, [233]
• Crossings made of rails, [237]
• Cross-sections, [33]
• Culverts and drains, [74]
• Curve alterations, [12]
• Curves, [49]
• Cutting rails on curves, [229]
• Cylinder foundations, [116]

• D

• Datum line, [8]
• Deck or floor of girder bridges, [133]
• Deposited plans, [4], [6]
• Depths of cuttings, [10]
• Derrick crane, [299]
• Detached lock, [332]
• Detonator or fog signals, [334]
• Detours on mountain-sides, [3]
• Deviation, limits of, [6]
  • of centre line, [12]
  • of levels, [12]
• Diagram sketches of bridges, [149]
• Diamond crossing, [237]
• Disc or ground signals, [322]
  • wheels, [48]
• Distant signal, [18], [314], [322]
• Diversion of roads, etc., [6]
• Dobbin-cart, [67]
• Dock platforms, [251]
• Double-line junction, [231]
  • slip points, [233]
• Dry stone backing, [162]

• E

• Earthworks, [60]
• Edge rails, [185]
• Electric motive-power, [355]
  • repeater, [22], [334]
  • train-staff instrument, [344]
• Embankment on bog, [71]
• Engine bogie, [53], [56], [304]
  • triangle, [290]
• Engine turntables, [27], [289]
• Enlargements on parliamentary plans, [16]
• Entrances to tunnels, [176]
• Estimate, [14]
• Expansion of rails, [228]
• Extract from Government Standing Orders and Regulations, [6]

• F

• Facing-bolt lock, [315]
  • points, [20]
    • distance, [20]
  • point locks, [22]
• Fang clips, [224]
• Fastenings, [218]
• Fences enclosing line, [14], [73]
  • on bridges, [10]
  • on road approaches, [10]
• Fish bolts, [203], [220]
  • plates, [188], [203]
  • plate liners, [206]
• Flag signals, [313]
• Flag-top culverts, [76]
• Flange rail, [191]
• Floor or deck of girder bridges, [133]
• Floors for goods-sheds, [280]
• Flying junction, [231]
• Fog or detonator signals, [334]
• Footbridges, [26], [147], [149]
• Footings of foundations, [111]
• Foundations, [111]
• Four-line system, [351]

• G

• Gantry crane, [294]
• Gate-alarm, [336]
• Gates for level crossings, [74]
• Gauge of railways, [37], [38]
• Girder bridges, [110]
• Glazed roofs over platforms, [272]
• Goliath crane, [297]
• Goods-sheds, [273]
• Government grants to railways, [349]
  • Standing Orders, [4], [6]
• Gradient alterations, [12]
• Gradients, [42]
  • influencing loads, [43]
  • in tunnels, [166]
• Gravel ballast, [225]
  • foundations, [113]
• Guard-rails, [51]
• Guide-piles, [127]

• H

• Half-round sleepers, [211]
• Hand-brakes on trucks, [46]
• Headings in tunnels, [169]
• Headway and span of public-road bridges, [10]
• Height of platforms, [24]
• Heights of embankments, [10]
• High-level viaduct, [81], [83]
• High-speed running, [354]
• Home signals, [18], [314]
• Houses of labouring classes, [10]

• I

• Inclination of ramps, [26]
• Inside keys for chairs, [207]
• Inspection of new line, [18]
  • of tunnel work, [176]
• Interlocking of signals, [22], [314], [330]
• Iron-tube tunnels, [179]
• Island-platform station, [258]

• J

• Jack-arches of brickwork, [145]
  • of concrete, [139]
• Jib crane, [296]
• Jim Crow, [239]
• Junction signals, [20], [323]
  • with existing line, [6]

• K

• Keys for chairs, [207]
• Kinsua Viaduct, [97]

• L

• Lavatories and conveniences, [260]
• Laying permanent way, [225]
• Level crossings, [10]
• Life of steel rails, [193]
• Lift-bridge, [87]
• Light railways standard gauge, [41]
• Limits of deviation, [6], [16]
• Loa Viaduct, [102]
• Loads of locomotive engines, [44]
• Location of railway, [1]
• Lock and block signals, [342], [353]
• Longitudinal sleepers, [210]
• Low viaduct arching, [129]
• Low-level viaduct, [81], [83]

• M

• Made ground, [111]
• Marking steel rails, [195]
• Mechanical drills, [172]
  • gates, [335]
• Mile-posts, [30]

• N

• Names of stations, [24]
• Narrow-gauge railways, [40]
• Natural features of country, [1]
  • ground, [111]
• Navigable rivers, [81]

• O

• Occupation bridges, [110]
• Ordinary crossing, [235]
• Ordnance maps, [3]
• Outside guard-rails, [53]
  • keys for chairs, [207]
• Over-line arch bridges, [103]

• P

• Parapets on viaducts, [28]
• Parliamentary estimate, [14]
  • plan and section, [6], [8]
• Pedestal water-tanks, [302]
• Piers of cast iron, [97]
  • of masonry, [95]
  • of timber, [102]
  • of wrought-iron and steel, [97]
• Pile foundations, [114]
• Plate-iron troughing, [143]
• Platform roofs, [264]
• Platforms (requirements of), [24]
• Plenum system of sinking, [119]
• Pneumatic process of sinking, [129]
• Points, or switches, [235]
• Portage viaduct, [102]
• Power to purchase land, [6]
• Preservation of timber, [211]
• Private-road bridges, [110]
• Provincial grants to railways, [349]
• Public-road bridges, [10], [103]
  • level crossing, [8]

• R

• Radial axle-boxes, [58]
• Rails, [182]
• Railway bills, [16]
  • Clauses Act, [6]
  • fences, [14]
  • slope, [61], [66], [72]
• Railways of different ranks, [348]
• Ramps to platforms, [24]
• Recommendations as to working of railways, [30]
• Rectangular running-sheds, [289]
• Reduced speed on curves, [50]
• Refuge sidings, [31], [351]
• Relative costs of narrow-gauge and light railways, [41]
• Renewal of under-line bridges, [151]
• Repeater signal, [22], [334]
• Requirements of Board of Trade, [18]
• Retaining walls, [159]
• Reverse curves, [51]
• Roadside station, [253]
• Rock foundations, [113]
• Rocking-bar, [316]
• Roof-principals, [264]
• Roofs over roadside platforms, [272]
• Rope-haulage, [49]
• Route of railway, [1]
• Royal assent, [16]
• Runaway points, [233]

• S

• Safety-points, [24], [319]
• Sandy foundations, [113]
• Scales for Parliamentary plans, [6], [16]
• Scissors cross-over, [233]
• Screw piles, [114]
• Semaphore signals, [313]
• Semi-circular running-sheds, [289]
• Separate lines for through traffic, [358]
• Service roads, [69]
• Shafts in tunnels, [167]
• Sheeting-piles, [127]
• Side-cutting, [61]
• Side recesses in tunnels, [176]
• Sidings, [24]
• Signal-cabins, [328]
• Signal-detector, [315], [318]
• Signals, [313]
  • at junctions, [20], [323]
• Signals (requirements of), [20]
• Six-wheeled carriage, [54]
• Sleepers, [209]
• Slip-points, [233]
• Slope of cutting, [61]
  • of embankment, [66]
• Slotted signals, [326]
• Snake-heads, [184]
• Soft deep bog, [70]
• Soiling earthwork, [66]
• Sorting-sidings, [285]
• Span and headway of P. R. bridges, [10]
• Spans of large railway bridges, [158]
• Spikes, [222]
• Spirals, [35]
• Spoil-bank, [60]
• Sprags, [46]
• Square crossing, [233]
• Standing orders, [4], [6]
• Starting-signal, [18], [314]
• Station buildings, [260]
  • roofs, [264]
• Stations, [248]
  • near viaducts, [24]
  • on gradients, [26]
• Steel and wrought-iron sleepers, [217]
  • rails, [190]
• Steps for side-lying ground, [70]
  • of staircases, [26]
• Stone sleepers, [210]
• Strain on steel, [27]
  • on wrought-iron, [27]
• Suburban traffic, [352]
• Subways, [26]
• Super-elevation of rail, [230]
• Supervision of tunnel-work, [176]
• Swing-bridges, [83], [87]
• Switches or points, [235]
• Syphon culverts, [79]

• T

• Tamping-bar, [239]
• Terminal station, [253]
• Tests for steel rails, [194]
• Three-throw switches, [233]
• Thrust-girders for retaining walls, [161]
• Tie-bars, [224]
• Timber bridges, [95]
• Timbering of tunnels, [170]
• Timber-pile foundations, [114]
• Time for construction, [18]
• Tip head, [67]
• Tip-waggon, [69]
• Tools for permanent way, [239]
  • for tunnel-work, [172]
• Trailing-points, [20]
• Train-staff on single line, [342]
• Train-tickets, [343]
• Tramplates of cast-iron, [184]
• Tramway rails, [199]
• Trap-points, [319]
• Travelling-crane, [296]
• Traversing bridge, [85]
• Trimming slopes, [72]
• Trough girders, [135]
• Tunnel faces, or entrance, [176]
  • headings, [169]
  • sections, [176]
  • shafts, [167]
• Tunnels, [6], [10], [162]
  • composed of cast-iron segments, [179]
  • drainage of, [166]
  • through cities, [178]
  • under rivers, [181]
• Turn-out, [233]
• Turntables, [287]

• U

• Under-line arch bridges, [103], [129]

• V

• Vacuum system of sinking, [119]
• Verandah on platform, [261]
• Viaduct parapets, [28]
• Viaducts of timber, [95]
  • over rivers, [83]
• Viaducts over valleys, [91]
  • to be shown on section, [10]

• W

• Waggon turn-table, [292]
• Waiting-rooms, [251]
• Warehouse crane, [294]
• Water-column, [302]
• Water-jet piles, [116]
• Water-tables, [227]
• Water-tanks, [299]
• Wear of fish-plates, [205]
• Wear of steel rails, [193]
• Weeping-holes, [161], [174]
• Weights of locomotive engines, [304]
• Well foundations, [123]
• Wheel-base of engine bogie, [59]
• Wheel-guards on viaducts, [28]
• Widths of public-road bridges, [10]
• Winding engines, [185]
• Wind-pressure, [28]
• Wooden-centre wheels, [48]
• Wooden culverts, [76]
  • screws, [223]
  • tramway, [182]
  • water-tanks, [301]
• Working plans and sections, [32]
• Wrought-iron column piers, [97]
  • and steel sleepers, [217]
  • piles, [116]
  • rails, [186]
  • water-tanks, [301]

• Z

• Zigzags, [35]

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Transcriber’s Note:

Added unprinted punctuation, where appropriate. In screen view, page numbers for the text portions of the book are displayed in the right margin.

For handheld devices, wide tables were split into two tables for easier viewing.

Removed hyphen:

• page 69, [earth-waggon] and [tip-head]
• page 331, [wire-bar]
• page 335, [signal-man]
• index, [tip-head]

Added hypen:

• page 30, [half-mile]
• page 66, [chain-peg]
• pages [65], [66] and [78], water-table

Other changes:

• page 41 ‘transhipment’ to [‘transshipment’]
• page 45 ‘steepier’ to [‘steeper’]
• page 48 ‘guage’ to [‘gauge’]
• page 193 ‘guage’ to [‘gauge’]
• page 193 ‘breaks’ to [‘brakes’]
• page 301 ‘petition’ to [‘partition’]
• page 302 ‘close’ to [‘closed’]