INDEX
ABNAKIS, an Algonquin tribe, [7].
ACADIA, old name for Nova Scotia and adjacent region, [106].
ACCAU, a companion of Father Hennepin in exploration, [293].
ACOMANS, a tribe of Pueblo Indians, [10].
ALEXANDER THE GREAT, story of fountain of immortality, [78], note.
ALGONQUINS, one of the great divisions of the Indian race, [4], its range and its families, [7]; close allies of the French, [114]; shiftless and improvident, often relieved by them, [124]; those of Massachusetts thriftier, [109], note.
ALLOUEZ, FATHER, noted missionary; one of his speeches, [147].
ANNAPOLIS, originally Port Royal; re-named for Queen Anne, [111].
APACHES, an offshoot of Athapascan stock, [7].
APPALACHEE, probably southwestern Georgia, supposed to be rich in gold, [82].
ASSICKMACK, Indian name for whitefish, [206]; much prized, [206], note.
ATHAPASCANS, a native stock; one of the larger divisions of Indian race, [7].
AUBRY, NICHOLAS, his perilous adventure, [106].
AYLLON, LUCAS VASQUEZ DE, his treachery punished, [70].
BASQUES, early activity of, on northern coasts of America, [53]; resist the royal monopoly of fur-trade, [122].
BAYAGOULAS, THE, a tribe on the Mississippi, [281].
BERING SEA, probably once dry land, [3].
BIENVILLE, JEAN BAPTISTE LEMOYNE DE, comes to Louisiana, [280]; founds New Orleans, [183]; adversity in closing years, [285].
BILOXI, site of first French settlement on Gulf of Mexico, [282].
BIMINI, fabled fountain of immortality, [78].
BOISRONDET, SIEUR DE, narrow escape from starvation, [247].
BRANT ROCK, Champlain's stop there, [109].
BRÉBEUF, FATHER, an early French missionary, [152].
BRETONS, THE, early frequented the Newfoundland fisheries, [54].
BRULÉ, ÉTIENNE, Champlain's interpreter, [133].
CALUMET, or peace-pipe, old description of, [178], note.
CAP BLANC, name which Champlain gave to Cape Cod, [110].
CAP ROUGE, fortified by Cartier; seat of Roberval's settlement, [63].
CARTIER, JACQUES, his first voyage, [54]; his duplicity, [55]; believed that he had found sea-route to India, [56]; in second voyage explored the St. Lawrence, [57]; names Mont Royal (later Montreal), [60]; his fearful experience, [61]; his treachery, [62]; his last voyage futile, [62].
CARVER, JONATHAN, early traveler, describes remains of ancient fortification, [301], note; and Falls of St. Anthony, [306], note.
CAT ISLAND (Ile des Chats), origin of name, [281].
CATLIN, GEORGE, [322]; his theory of the origin of the Mandans, [326].
CAVELIER, ROBERT, SIEUR DE LA SALLE.
CAYUGAS, a tribe of the Iroquois League, [9].
CENIS INDIANS, branch of Caddo (Pawnee) family, visited by La Salle, [269].
CHALEUR, BAY OF, name how originating, [54].
CHAMPLAIN, SAMUEL DE, his birth, [104]; takes part in the Religious Wars in France, [104]; sails to the West Indies, [104]; suggests a Panama Canal, [105]; sails for Canada, [105]; conceives a plan of colonization, [105]; makes a settlement at mouth of St. Croix River, [107]; cruel winter, [108]; visits and names Mt. Desert, [108]; explores New England coast, [108]; welcomed by natives in Plymouth Harbor, [109]; trouble with Indians at Nausett, [110]; transfers settlement to Port Royal, [110]; second voyage to New France, [119]; seeks sea-route to China, [119]; explores the St. Lawrence, [120]; seeks to establish stronghold on the inland waters, [120]; eager to promote conversion of the Indians, [120]; overcomes resistance of Basques to fur-trade monopoly, [123]; quells mutiny of his men, [124]; great suffering in first winter at Quebec, [124]; goes with war-party of Algonquins into Iroquois country, [125]; hostile encounter on Lake Champlain, [128]; disastrous results of his success, [130]; his second fight with Iroquois, [131]; founds Montreal, [133]; second raid into Iroquois country, [133], names Lake Huron, [134]; Iroquois palisaded town, [136]; his unsuccessful attack on, [137]; wounded, [138]; lost in the woods, [140]; returns to Quebec, [142]; a prisoner at London, [143]; dies, [143].
CHARLEVOIX, FATHER, sent out to explore route to Pacific, [314].
CHATHAM HARBOR, scene of Champlain's fight with Indians, [111].
CHICAGO, La Salle near the site of, [236].
CHICKASAWS, a branch of the Maskoki family, [181]; hostile to the French, [253], note.
CHICORA, native name of coast region of South Carolina, [69].
CHIEFS, INDIAN, how chosen, [34].
CHIPPEWAYS, an Algonquin tribe, [7].
CHOCTAWS, a Maskoki tribe, [9], who sided with the French, [253], note.
CHRISTINOS, or Crees, an Indian tribe on Lake Superior, [210].
CLAN, a group of families of common blood, [20].
COLIGNY, ADMIRAL, sends a second expedition to Florida, [77].
COLUMBIA AND SACRAMENTO VALLEYS, Indians inhabiting, lowest specimens of the race, [10].
COMANCHES, Indian tribe of Shoshonee stock, [10]; visited by La Salle, [269]; their fine horsemanship, [270]; jockeying, [270], note.
CONESTOGAS, a Huron-Iroquois tribe, [9].
COPPER, in large quantities, seen by Radisson, [207].
COROAS, Indian tribe on the Lower Mississippi, attack La Salle, [256].
COUNCIL, An Indian, how conducted, [32].
COUREURS DE BOIS, their origin and influence, [114]; their mode of life, [189].
COUTURE, a companion of Father Jogues, [156].
CREEKS, a Maskoki tribe, [9].
DAGONOWEDA, a sachem of the Onondagas, who proposed union, [17].
DAKOTA, or SIOUX, the, a native stock; its range, [10].
DANIEL, FATHER, an early French missionary, [152].
DAVOST, FATHER, an early French missionary, [152].
DES PLAINES RIVER, route used by Joliet and Marquette in returning, [183]; followed by La Salle, [245].
DISTRIBUTION of various Indian tribal families, [7].
DIVINATION by Indian sorcerer, [126].
DU GAY, a companion of Father Hennepin in exploration, [293].
DU LHUT, DANIEL GREYSOLON, noted leader of coureurs, [190], his testimony to having found Hennepin among the Sioux, [297].
DULUTH, CITY OF, for whom named, [190].
DUTCH PROTESTANTS try to effect the release of Father Jogues, [159]; ransom him and send him to Europe, [160].
EMPEROR, none in North America, [15].
ERIES, a Huron-Iroquois tribe, [8].
ESKIMO, descendants, perhaps, of ancient "Cave-men," [5].
EUROPEANS, their early mistakes as to Indian life, [16].
FAMILY, THE, the root of all society, [18]; the family-tie the central principle of Indian social life, [20].
FILLES À LA CASSETTE sent out to New Orleans by Louis the Fourteenth, [284].
FISHERIES, NEWFOUNDLAND, early attracted European visitors, [53].
FISKE, The late Dr. John, his theory about the Eskimo, [6].
FIVE NATIONS, THE, what tribes constituted, [9]; only friends of the English, [114].
FLORIDA, as understood by Spaniards; extent, [90].
FORT CAROLINE, the fort built by Laudonnière on the St. John's, [82]; great misery through want and sickness, [86]; distress relieved by coming of Ribaut, [89]; massacre, [90] et seq.
FORT CRÈVECOEUR built, [240], origin of name, [240]; destroyed, [242].
FORT FRONTENAC (on site of Kingston) built, [228]; turned over to La Salle, [229].
FORT MIAMI, at mouth of St. Joseph River, [245], [256].
FORT ORANGE, Dutch settlement on site of Albany, [159].
FORT ROSALIE, on the Lower Mississippi; slaughter at, [253], note.
FORT ST. LOUIS, at Lavaca, Texas, built, [266].
FORT ST. LOUIS, on the Illinois, built, [256].
FRANCE desirous of christianizing the natives, [120].
FRENCH attitude to Indians; how necessarily different from the Spanish, [47].
FRENCHMEN, what they achieved in North and Northwest, [45]; their material object, Furs, [46]; their conduct contrasted with Spaniards', [46].
FRONTENAC, LOUIS DE BUADE, COUNT OF, comes to Canada, [227]; makes alliance with La Salle, [227]; opposed by fur-traders, [228]; recalled, [255].
FUNDY, BAY OF, how name originated, [110].
FUR-TRADERS classified, [188].
FURS, great object of French commercial activity, [188].
GASPÉ, French sovereignty first asserted at, [55].
GOUPIL, a companion of Father Jogues; his death, [158].
GOURGUES, DOMINIQUE DE, takes ample vengeance on the Spaniards at Fort Caroline, [96].
GOVERNMENT, INDIAN, what it was like, [29].
GRAND COUNCIL of Iroquois League, how composed, [31].
"GRIFFIN," THE, first vessel on the Upper Lakes, [233].
GROSEILLERS, SIEUR DES, title assumed by Médard Chouart, co-explorer with Radisson of Lake Superior, [199].
GUNS sold to Iroquois by Dutch, [131].
HAKLUYT, RICHARD, a chronicler of old explorations, [86].
HAWKINS, SIR JOHN, founder of English African slave-trade, relieves the distressed Frenchmen, [88].
HELPFULNESS, MUTUAL, characteristic of Indian life, [41].
HENNEPIN, FATHER Louis, comes to Canada, [290]; describes Niagara Falls, [291]; describes a council of Senecas, [292]; is sent to explore the Upper Mississippi, [293]; his fraud, [294]; captured by Sioux, [298]; his experiences among the Sioux, [298] et seq,; sees and names Falls of St. Anthony, [306]; rescued by Du Lhut, [308].
HIAWATHA inspires the union of Iroquois tribes, [27].
HIAWATHA, Poem of, recalled by Radisson's descriptions, [207], [210], [215].
HOCHELAGA, Indian name for site of Montreal, [105].
HOUSEHOLD life of Indians based on community-idea, [38]; very sociable, [40].
HOUSES, INDIAN, how built and arranged, [37].
HUDSON BAY FUR COMPANY, its organization by whom suggested, [191].
HURON-IROQUOIS, a native stock; its tribes, [8].
HURON INDIANS, more advanced than Algonquins, [134]; Champlain visits their country, [134].
IBERVILLE, PIERRE LEMOYNE DE, comes to Louisiana, [280].
ILE DES CHATS (Cat Island), why so called, [281].
ILLINOIS INDIANS, branch of Algonquin Family, harassed by Iroquois and Sioux, [238], [244] et seq.
INDIANS, probable origin of, [3]; of one blood, [4].
IROQUOIS, one of the great divisions of the Indian race, [4]; IROQUOIS LEAGUE, [27] et seq., why relentless towards Hurons and Eries, [28].
"JESUIT RELATIONS," Value of, as historical material, [149].
JESUITS, Great activity of, in early history of Canada, [149]; their policy to establish missions, [151].
JOGUES, FATHER, Jesuit missionary, discovers Lake George, [149]; his heroism, [158]; his pathetic end, [164].
JOLIET, Louis, [171]; sent with Father Marquette to explore the Mississippi, [172]; their route, [172] et seq., meet with friendly Illinois, [177]; receive gift of peace-pipe, [178]; pass Missouri and Ohio Rivers, [180]; in danger, above mouth of Arkansas River, [181]; saved by exhibiting peace-pipe, [181]; start on return voyage, [182]; what they accomplished, [183]; Joliet's misfortune, [184]; Marquette's death, [184].
JOUTEL, a lieutenant of La Salle, in command of fort, [267].
KANKAKEE RIVER, route followed by La Salle, [237].
KASKASKIA, famous village of the Illinois, visited by Joliet and Marquette, [183].
KEOKUK, site of, near place where Joliet and Marquette met friendly Illinois, [179].
KEWEENAW POINT, its wealth in copper, [210].
KICKAPOOS, an Algonquin tribe, [7].
KING, none in North America, [15].
"KING PHILIP," Mistake as to, [15].
KINGSTON, Ontario, Fort Frontenac near the site of, [228].
LA BARRE, successor of Frontenac as Governor of Canada, hostile to La Salle, [257].
LA CHINE, how name originated, [226].
LAKE CHAMPLAIN discovered by Champlain, [127].
LAKE GEORGE, route through, the Indian thoroughfare, [127], note.
LAKE NIPISSING, on the Ottawa River route, [133].
LAKE PEPIN, for whom called, [301]; remains of ancient fortification near, [301], note.
LAKE SIMCOE, on route of Hurons to Iroquois country, [135].
LAKE SUPERIOR explored by Radisson and Groseillers, [201] et seq.
LA SALLE, SIEUR DE, early connection with the Jesuits, [225]; comes to Canada, [225]; goes exploring, [226]; becomes a supporter of Frontenac, [227]; goes to France and wins the King, [228]; in command of Fort Frontenac, [229]; his ambition, [229]; visits France and procures extraordinary commission, [230]; begins his great exploration, [231], builds stronghold at mouth of Niagara River, [232]; builds first vessel launched on Upper Lakes, [233]; sails on his great enterprise, [234]; the "Griffin," [235]; goes in canoes down Illinois River, [238]; allies himself with the Illinois, [239]; builds Fort Crèvecoeur, [240]; reaches the Mississippi, [245]; starts for the Gulf of Mexico, [250]; adventures by the way, [251] et seq., reaches the Gulf, [254]; bestows the name Louisiana, [254]; hardships and hostility on return voyage, [255]; goes to France, [257]; appears on coast of Texas, [261], his purpose, [262]; his difficulties and his dilemma, [263] et seq.; mistake of his pilots, [264]; loss of his vessels, [264], [265]; loss of men by sickness and Indians, [266]; builds fort at Lavaca, [266]; vainly seeks the Mississippi, [266] et seq.; sets out for Canada, [272]; assassinated, [275]; what he had achieved, [275]; by whom his plan was carried out, [278] et seq.
LAUDONNIÈRE, RENÉ DE, an officer under Ribaut, [68]; goes in command of a second expedition to Florida, [77]; seizes Outina, [86]; releases him, [87]; declines proposal of Hawkins to carry him and his men home, [88]; buys a vessel from him, [89]; escapes the massacre, [94].
LAVACA, Texas, site of La Salle's fort, [266].
LE CARON, friar, discoverer of Lake Huron, [133], [149].
LE JEUNE, an early French missionary, winter's experience with hunting-party of Algonquins, [150].
LENAPE, an Algonquin tribe, [7].
LÉRY, BARON DE, an early adventurer, left cattle on Sable Island, [103].
LEWIS AND CLARK sent out to explore route to Pacific, [321]; winter among Mandans, [321], note.
LIPANS, an offshoot of Athapascan stock, [7].
LONG HOUSE, THE, Indian name of Iroquois League, [28].
LOUISIANA, the name given by La Salle, [254].
MACKENZIE, ALEXANDER, discovers Mackenzie River, [318]; reaches the Pacific, [320].
MANDANS, Indian tribe, first visited by Vérendrye, [317]; by Lewis and Clark, [321], note; by George Catlin, [322]; his enthusiasm about them, [323]; his peculiar theory of their origin, [326]; their singular dwellings, [325]; story of a Mandan's revenge, [323].
MANHATTAN ISLAND first occupied by Dutch as a trading-post, [130], note.
MANITOU, Indian for "spirit," [126].
MARQUETTE, FATHER, missionary and explorer.
MARRIAGE must not be between two persons of same clan, [22].
MASCOUTINS, western Algonquins, [174].
MASKOKI, a native stock; its tribes and its range, [9].
MASSACRE ISLAND (Dauphin Island), why so called, [280].
MATAGORDA BAY, Texas, scene of La Salle's landing, [261].
MATANZAS INLET, French Huguenots butchered there by Menendez, [95].
MAUNDEVILLE, SIR JOHN, story of fountain of immortality, [78], note.
MAY, RIVER OF, now called the St. John's, [67].
"MEDICINE," in what sense the word used, [138], note.
MEMBRÉ, FATHER, accompanies La Salle down the Mississippi, [251], his description of the Arkansas Indians, [251].
MENENDEZ, PEDRO, DE AVILES, appointed Spanish Governor of Florida, [83]; attacks Ribaut's vessels off the St. John's, [89]; founds St. Augustine, [90]; surprises Fort Caroline, [92]; massacres the garrison, [93], and shipwrecked crews of Ribaut's vessels, [94].
MIAMIS, an Algonquin tribe, [7].
MICHILLIMACKINAC, trading-post and mission-station, [235].
MICMACS, an Algonquin tribe, [7].
MILLE LACS, a lake in Minnesota, [301].
MILWAUKEE, La Salle near the site of, [236].
MISSIONARIES, ROMAN CATHOLIC, unselfish devotion of, [147] et seq.
MISSISSIPPI RIVER, western boundary of Maskoki group, [9].
MISSOURI RIVER, Mouth of, first seen by Joliet and Marquette, [180].
MITCHIGAMEAS, a branch of the Maskoki family, [181].
MOBILE settled, [283]; first capital of Louisiana, [283].
MOHAWKS, a tribe of the Iroquois League, [9].
MOHEGANS, an Algonquin tribe, [7].
MONOPOLY OF FUR-TRADE, evils of, [122].
"MONTEZUMA, EMPEROR," Mistake as to, [15].
MONTREAL founded by Champlain, [133].
MONTS, SIEUR DE, an associate of Champlain, [106].
MOQUIS, a tribe of Pueblo Indians, [10].
MUSKHOGEES (same as Creeks), a Maskoki tribe, [9].
NANTICOKES, an Algonquin tribe, [7].
NARRAGANSETTS, an Algonquin tribe, [7].
NATCHEZ INDIANS visited by La Salle, [252]; described by Father Gravier, [253], note; their subsequent history, [253], note.
NAUSETT HARBOR, Champlain's trouble there with Indians, [110].
NAVAJOES, an offshoot of Athapascan stock, [7].
NEW BISCAY, northern province of Mexico, [262].
NEW FRANCE, FATHER OF, title of Samuel de Champlain, [104].
NEW ORLEANS founded, [283]; early struggles, [285].
NIAGARA FALLS described by Father Hennepin, [232].
NICOLLET, JEAN, ambassador to Winnebagoes, [169]; reaches Wisconsin River, [171].
OHIO RIVER, Mouth of, first seen by Joliet and Marquette, [180].
ONEIDAS, a tribe of the Iroquois League, [9].
ONONDAGAS, a tribe of the Iroquois League, [9]; in what sense leading tribe, [31].
ONONTIO, Indian name for French Governor, [177].
ORATORS, Indian, how trained, [33].
OTTAWA RIVER, Indian route followed by Champlain, [133].
OTTIGNY, a lieutenant under Laudonnière, [77].
OUTINA, an Indian chief, dupes the Frenchmen into fighting his battles, [85].
PACIFIC, THE, reached by northern route, [320].
PASSAMAQUODDIES, an Algonquin tribe, [7].
PAWNEES, a native stock; its range, [10].
PEORIA, the first habitation of white men in Illinois near the site of, [241].
PEQUOTS, an Algonquin tribe, [7].
PHRATRY, a group of clans, [23].
"PICTURED ROCKS," THE, described by Radisson, [208].
PIERRIA, ALBERT DE, left in command of the fort at Port Royal, [71]; murdered by his own men, [73].
POCAHONTAS, not a princess, [16].
PONTGRAVÉ, an associate of Champlain, [105].
PORT ROYAL, Nova Scotia, settled, [108]; abandoned, [115].
PORT ROYAL, South Carolina, named by Ribaut, [69].
PORT ST. LOUIS, name which Champlain gave to site of Plymouth, [109].
PORTAGE, CITY OF, site described by Jonathan Carver, [174], note.
POTTAWATTAMIES, a friendly Algonquin tribe, [248].
POWHATANS, an Algonquin tribe, [7].
PUEBLO INDIANS, THE, a native stock; some of its tribes, [10].
QUEBEC (Indian, Kebec, "The Narrows"), founded by Champlain, [123], slow growth of, [142].
QUINIPISSAS, Indian tribe above site of New Orleans, attack La Salle, [256].
RADISSON, PIERRE ESPRIT, comes to Canada, [191]; his adventure and capture, [191]; his escape and re-capture, [196], his second escape, [198], why he is not better known, [200]; starts for the Upper Lakes, [201]; perilous adventures by the way, [201]; enters Lake Superior, [206]; describes the "Pictured Rocks," [208]; builds a fort on Lake Superior, [211]; describes a famine, [212]; witnesses interesting games, [218]; brings to Montreal an enormous canoe-fleet loaded with skins, [221]; offers his services to the English King, [221].
RIBAUT, CAPTAIN JEAN, his first expedition to America, [67]; comes, with large colony, to Fort Caroline, [89]; goes with his whole force to attack Menendez, at St. Augustine, [90]; is overtaken by hurricane, driven down the coast and wrecked, [91]; crews massacred, [91] et seq.
RIBOURDE, FATHER, murdered, [247].
RICHELIEU OR SOREL RIVER, route followed by Champlain, [115].
ROBERVAL, SIEUR DE, vainly attempts to colonize Canada, [63].
ROCHE, MARQUIS DE LA, story of his disastrous venture, [102].
ROCKY MOUNTAINS, THE, western boundary of Dakota-Sioux, [10]; discovered, [318].
SABLE ISLAND, southeast of Nova Scotia, [102].
SACS AND FOXES, Algonquin tribes, [7]; slaughter of, [173].
SACHEMS, who they were, [31].
ST. ANTHONY, FALLS OF, discovered and named, [306].
ST. AUGUSTINE founded, [90].
ST. CROIX RIVER, Mouth of, place of Champlain's first settlement, [107].
ST. JOHN'S BLUFF, site of first fort on the St. John's River, [79].
ST. LAWRENCE, Gulf and River, why so named, [57].
SAULT STE. MARIE, furthest western post of French missionaries, [45]; a missionary's description of, [206], note.
SAVANNAH RIVER, southern boundary of Algonquins, [7].
SEMINOLES, a Maskoki tribe, [9].
SENEGAS, a tribe of the Iroquois League, [9].
SEVEN CITIES OF CIBOLA, [69], note.
SHAWNEES, an Algonquin tribe, [7].
SHOSHONEES, a native stock; its range, [10].
SIX NATIONS, THE, what tribes included, [9].
STADACONÉ, Indian village, near site of Quebec, [58].
"STARVED ROCK," probable site of La Salle's Fort St. Louis, [256].
SUSQUEHANNOCKS, a Huron-Iroquois tribe, [9].
TADOUSSAC, early post, well situated for fur-trade, [121].
TAENSAS INDIANS visited by La Salle, [251]; described, [253], note.
THIMAGOAS, an Indian tribe in Florida, [80].
THREE RIVERS, one of earliest French posts on the St. Lawrence, [191].
THWAITES, DR. REUBEN GOLD, authority on colonial history, his judgment as to Radisson, [Preface]; recites tradition of slaughter of Sacs and Foxes, [173].
TONTY, HENRI DE, La Salle's faithful lieutenant, [237]; trying experiences in the Illinois country, [245] et seq.; his efforts to rescue La Salle and his men, [276] et seq.
TOTEM, a clan-symbol used by Indians, [21].
TRENT RIVER, on route of Hurons to Iroquois country, [135].
TRIBE, THE, an aggregation based on the family-tie, [23]; in some aspects an ideal republic, [36].
TUSCARORAS, a tribe of the Iroquois League, [9].
VASSEUR, a lieutenant under Laudonnière, [80].
VÉRENDRYE, PIERRE GAULTIER DE VARENNES DE LA, his early experiences, [314]; his efforts to reach the Pacific, [315], establishes a chain of posts, [316]; disappointed of reaching the Pacific, [317].
VÉRENDRYE, PIERRE DE LA, son of former, discovers the Rocky Mountains, [318].
"VERMILION SEA," old name for Gulf of California, [175].
VERMILION RIVER, Rock at mouth of, probable site of La Salle's Fort St. Louis, [256].
"VIRGINIA SEA," old name for the Atlantic, [175].
VOYAGEURS, who they were, their influence, [114].
WILD RICE, THE, or MENOMONIE, Indians, an Algonquin branch, welcome Joliet and Marquette, [172].
WINNEBAGOES, branch of the Dakotas or Sioux, [170].
YAZOOS, Indian tribe, hostile to the French, [253], note.
ZUNIS, a tribe of Pueblo Indians, [10].