The Anatomy of Bridgework

by William Henry Thorpe

INDEX

• Abutments, leaning, [82], [173]
• — movements of, [158]
• — settlement of, [78]
• Adjustment of centre girders, [128]
• — of distributing girders, [120]
• Angular distortions, [88]
• Arches, equilibrium of, [162]
• — repair of, [163]
• Arrangement of cross girders, [21], [175]
• Asphalt, [26]
• Ballast, [29]
• Bearing pressure on rivets, [47], [51], [57]
• Bearings, skew, [4]
• Bottom booms, end bays, [18]
• Bracing, additional, [117]
• — effects of, [34]
• — flat bars, [37]
• — incomplete, [41]
• — sea piers, [42]
• Bridge floors, [20]
• — repairs, [107]
• — surveys, [107]
• Bridges, life of, [165]
• Breaks in T bars, [16]
• Buckling of webs, [16]
• Camber, [24], [80]
• Cast-iron arches, [80], [145]
• — — bridges, [141]
• — — columns, [7],144
• — — girders, [141]
• — — in sea water, [101]
• Centre girders, [122]
• Cinder ballast, [29]
• Cold-blast iron, [141]
• Cooling stresses in cast iron, [145]
• Construction depth, [173]
• Corrugated sheeting, [29]
• Cost of centre girders, [135]
• — of maintenance, [168]
• Counterbracing, [19]
• Cracked bedstones, [3]
• — columns, [7]
• — web plates, [13], [14], [15], [50]
• Cross girder arrangement, [21]
• — girders, fixed ends, [22], [118]
• — — rusted, [29], [97]
• — — weak, [30], [66]
• Decay and painting, [96]
• — of floor plates, [109]
• — of timber, [28], [150]
• Deflection, [85]
• — due to booms and web, [86]
• — exceptional cases, [88]
• — in new and old work, [85]
• — working formulæ, [87]
• Deformations, [73]
• Depth of girders, [23], [89], [184]
• Diagonal ties, [19], [42]
• Distortion due to temperature changes, [79], [84]
• Distributing girders, [120]
• Drainage holes, [25]
• “Drop” loads, [89]
• Dwarf walls under floors, [26]
• Early steel girders, [68]
• Economy, [184]
• Effect of earth slips, [157]
• — of floor on deflection, [88]
• — — — on stresses, [23], [30]
• — of high stress, [86]
• — of permanent way on stresses, [18]
• —of skew on bridge floors, [25]
• — — — on centre girders, [131]
• — of transverse bracings, [34]
• — of vibration on masonry, [162]
• — of wave action on sea piers, [42]
• End bays, bottom booms, [18]
• Equilibrium of masonry arches, [162]
• Examination of bridges, [107]
• Examples of cast-iron bridges overstressed, [141]
• — of high stress, [70]
• — of life of bridges, [167]
• — of rivet stress, [56]
• — of strengthening, [114]
• — — — by centre girders, [131], [134]
• Excessive bearing pressure, [51]
• Faulty workmanship, [80]
• Fixed ends to cross girders, [22], [118]
• Flange stresses, [63], [66], [67]
• Flanges, side loaded, [9], [73]
• Flat bar bracing, [37]
• Flexing of girders, [9], [74], [76]
• Flexure curves, [138]
• Fractured bedstones, [3]
• — rails, [30]
• — webs, [13], [14], [15], [50]
• Fractures in cast iron, [7], [145]
• Girder bearings, [2]
• Girders on columns, [7]
• — on masonry, [8]
• Girderwork in masonry, [101]
• Headway, [173]
• High stress, [61]
• — in cast iron, [141]
• — in rivets, [47], [52]
• Holes for drainage, [25]
• Impact, [20], [62]
• Inclination of girder ends, [23], [53]
• Incomplete bracing, [41]
• Initial set, [88]
• Interference with traffic, [177]
• Jack arches, [29], [101]
• Joints in rails, [29], [109]
• — in trough floors, [28], [180]
• Junction between metallic and masonry bridges, [183]
• — — new and old masonry bridges, [182]
• — — new and old metallic bridges, [180]
• Lattice girder stresses, [47]-[66]
• Liberal depth to girders, [23], [89], [184]
• Life of bridges, [165]
• Limit of elasticity, [61]
• Linen tapes, [172]
• Longitudinal floor girders, [23]
• Loose rivets, [21], [25], [51], [53], [56], [109]
• Main girders, [9]-[17]
• Masonry bridges, [157]
• — enduring character of, [161]
• Memel timber, [150]
• Methods of calculation, [46], [61]
• — of observing deflection, [90]
• — of setting out deflection curves, [138]
• Movements of abutments, [158]
• — of cast-iron bridge, [82]
• — of piers, [42], [83], [159]
• — of rollers, [7]
• — of wrought-iron bridges, [4], [21], [38], [73]
• New members to old work, [116]
• Oiling steelwork, [99]
• Old drawings unreliable, [108]
• — rivets, [21], [51], [54], [55]
• Open webs, [17]
• Overhead bracing, [39]
• — girders, [118]
• Painting, [98]
• Parapets, [79]
• Permissible stress in old work, [110]
• Piers, movements of, [42], [83], [159]
• — out of plumb, [159]
• Piles, decay of, [102], [150]
• Pitch pine, [28]
• Plasticity, [61]
• Plate webs, [9]
• Plated floors, [23], [25], [30]
• Pointing masonry, [164]
• Proposed rivet stresses, [58]
• Quickly applied loads, [89]
• Rail joints, [29], [109]
• Rails, breaks in, [30]
• Reaction of cross girder with centre support, [127]
• Red-lead, [98], [100]
• Relative merits of bridges, [169]
• Relief by centre girders, [122]
• Repainting, [100]
• Repair of bridges, [107], [147], [155], [163]
• — of timber piles, [156]
• Replacing flange plates, [110]
• — rivets, [111]
• Resistance of cast iron to rust, [101]
• Riveted connections, [45], [86]
• Rivets in cramped positions, [20]
• — in cross girder ends, [21], [49], [53], [54]
• — in road bridges, [60]
• — in webs of main girders, [46]
• — spacing of, [60], [80]
• — stresses in, [56]
• Rocking of piers, [8], [83], [159]
• Roller bearings, [7]
• Rubble masonry, [161]-[164]
• Running load and deflection, [95]
• Rusting, instances of, [29], [96]
• — of steelwork, [99]
• — over sea-water, [98]
• Sag in timber bridges, [150]
• — of tapes, [172]
• Scour under piers, [161]
• Sea piers, [42], [102]
• Setting bedstones, [3], [129], [176]
• Settlements, [76], [157]
• Skew bearings, [4]
• — bridges, right and left, [173]
• — — floors, [25]
• Skirting plate, [26]
• Slope of girder ends, [92]
• Softening of cast-iron in sea-water, [101]
• Spacing of rivets, [60], [79]
• Spread of abutments, [157]
• Spring joints, [23]
• Steel trough girders, [68]
• — troughing, [70]
• Stiffening girders from floor, [12], [40]
• — to webs, [16], [38], [185]
• Stop piers, [158]
• Strength of light top booms, [40]
• Strengthening of bridges, [107], [122]
• — bridge floors, [118]
• — cross girders, [123]
• Stress in plated floors, [31]
• Study of old bridges, [185]
• Tall piers, [42], [159]
• Timber bridges, [149]
• — floors, [27]
• — staging, [177]
• Top booms, [18]
• Traffic during reconstruction, [177]
• Transverse bracing, [34], [117]
• Trough floors, [27], [180]
• — girders, [50], [74]
• T stiffeners, breaks in, [16]
• Twin girders, [15], [75]
• Twisting of girders, [11], [68], [73]
• — — — corrected, [12]
• Types of reconstruction, [174]
• U-shaped booms, [18]
• Uncomplicated stress, [62]
• Uniform pressure on bearings, [6]
• Value of E in deflection formulæ, [87]
• Vibration, [162]
• Wasted webs, [14], [29], [96]
• Water, scour of, [161]
• Web buckling, [16]
• — plates, cracked, [13], [14], [15], [50]
• — rivets, [46], [50]
• — stiffening, [16], [38], [185]
• Widening masonry bridges, [182]
• — metallic bridges, [179]
• Wide spaced rivets, [79]
• Wind pressure, [41], [43]
• Yielding of piers, [8], [83], [159]

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