FOOTNOTES:
[712] Froude, iii. 277.
[713] See Castlereagh Correspondence, i. 285.
[714] Castlereagh Correspondence, i. 285.
[715] Turner's is the only name in the list to which Hughes prefixes this title of courtesy, which shows that he was looked up to as a man superior to his fellows.
[716] Castlereagh Correspondence, iv. 504.
[717] Report of the Secret Committee of the House of Lords, 1798, pp. [26]-8.
[718] Castlereagh Correspondence, i. 283. Turner was known by the alias of 'Furness,' partly, perhaps, in allusion to his seemingly red-hot patriotism.
[719] Ibid.
[720] James Hope in his narrative speaks of Colonel Plunket as at first a flaming rebel, who had been assigned to the command of Roscommon; but Lord Carleton, in a manuscript note to Irish Pamphlets, vol. 129 (Nat. Lib. of Ireland), says that on the eve of action he surrendered to Dr. Law, Bishop of Elphin. Plunket was tried by court-martial and hanged.
[721] Castlereagh Correspondence, ii. 231.
[722] Castlereagh Correspondence, ii. 232.
[723] Every man desiring to become a barrister is obliged to lodge a memorial describing himself and his parentage. Anxious to ascertain whether the description of Lord Downshire's friend would apply to Turner, as the son of a gentleman of property in Ulster, I applied at the King's Inns, Dublin, to be allowed to see how Turner described himself—but was refused, although the object was explained to be one purely historical. This greatly retarded my inquiries, which were begun many years ago. At last an examination of the wills and the entrance-book of Trinity College, Dublin, established all that I had surmised, and the following letter, which I find in the Pelham MSS., is further important in this connection:—'The arms belonging to Mr. Turner, senior, a magistrate near Newry, were taken from him at the time of the general search for arms in that county. I believe that his conduct has been misconceived owing to the conduct of his son, and, if you see no particular objection to it, I should be glad that his arms should be restored to him' (Pelham to General Lake, Phœnix Park, August 3, 1797).
[724] Records of the Probate Court, Dublin.
[725] United Irishmen, 1st edit. i. 252.
[726] United Irishmen, 1st edit. i. 240. These references to Turner, supplied by Hope, were not reprinted by Dr. Madden in the second edition of his United Irishmen. 'The Cornwallis Papers' had not then appeared, disclosing the name of Samuel Turner as a recipient of a pension for important but unexplained services in connection with the Rebellion.
[727] Bourrienne's Life of Napoleon describes Reinhard as a Lutheran.
[728] The betrayer, in his letter to Lord Downshire, states that Lowry wrote from Paris to him on October 11, 1797, in great despondency on account of Hoche's death.
[729] Mr. Cashel Hoey, grandson of Conlan's victim, an important Government official in London, decorated by the Crown, died Jan. 6, 1892. Antony Marmion, author of The Maritime Ports of Ireland, was the son of Conlan's second victim.
[730] The Sirr MSS. Trin. Coll. Dublin.
[731] Froude's English in Ireland, iii. 284.
[732] Froude's English in Ireland, iii. 305.
[733] Ibid. 281.
[734] Samuel Turner, B.A., T.C.D., 1786; LL.D., T.C.D. 1787, College Calendar. He claimed to have descended, I believe, from Dr. Samuel Turner, M.A. of Oxford in 1605, whose parliamentary career and daring spirit are noticed in L'Estrange's History of the Reign of Charles I.
[735] A wild district near Gweedore, on the coast of Donegal, embracing the contiguous island of Rutland.
[736] The facsimile of this proclamation, as furnished by Mr. Allingham, is headed 'Liberty or Death!' and displays a drawing of the Irish harp and the cap of liberty; but as the text appears in the Castlereagh Papers (i. 407), a sample must suffice here:—'Horrid crimes have been perpetrated in your country, your friends have fallen a sacrifice to their devotion to your cause, their shadows are around you and call aloud for vengeance, etc.'
[737] These and other statements appear in a letter signed 'O.' which will be dealt with presently.
[738] From 1795 the Duke enjoyed the titles of Field-Marshal, Commander-in-Chief, and Bishop of Osnaburg.
[739] The Corporation at that time was notoriously Orange.
[740] James Farrell, though a Rebel leader during the troubles, is afterwards found entertaining at dinner H.R.H. the Duke of Sussex and Major Sirr.
[741] Letter dated 'Salmon Pool Lodge, Dublin, September 21, 1846.' (O'Connell MSS. Derrinane Abbey.) If it were not for the letter of Sir A. Wellesley, which fixes the date, I would be disposed to place this incident earlier.
[742] Madden's United Irishmen, ii. 391.
[743] There is an account in Musgrave of the arrival of the 'Anacréon' with notices of some of the men on board, but it throws no light on 'O.' He was lost in the crowd of French officers and adherents.
[744] Castlereagh Correspondence, i. 405.
[745] O'Herne, otherwise Aherne (see Castlereagh, i. 308). He is often mentioned in Tone's Journal.
[746] O'Finn (see Castlereagh, ii. 5). O'Finn figures in the Fugitive Bill. See p. [96], ante.
[747] Ormby, an Irish rebel in France (Castlereagh, i. 307).
[748] O'Mealy, an Irish rebel in France (ibid. ii. 7, 359 et seq.).
[749] O'Hara (ibid. i. 327).
[750] Colonel O'Neill (ibid. ii. 230).
[751] O'Connor (Castlereagh, i. 374).
[752] O'Keon, who went with the French to Killala. See Byrne's Memoirs, iii. 164. (Paris, 1863.)
[753] At Paris 'O' had three interviews with General Lawless in reference to the invasion, which is detailed in his clever letter (see Castlereagh, i. 397). He is able to tell Lawless the number of men the French Directory were prepared to sacrifice in the attempt. The added statement that 'Orr did not seem to like going' is consistent with his sneering tone at all that passed on board the 'Anacréon.' Were Orr discovered to have been a spy, he would have swung from the yard-arm.
[754] MSS. Record Tower, Dublin. A narrative of the progress of Tandy's expedition, dated October 21, 1799, and preserved in the same archives, is endorsed 'G. O.'
[755] Turner (see p. [5], ante) announces Orr as at Paris with Tandy, Teeling, Lewins, and other arch-rebels.
[756] See p. [56], ante, and Castlereagh Papers, i. 405.
[757] The most trivial incidents are chronicled, including Tandy's fondness for gazing on a few laced coats that he had in his wardrobe. Tone himself was not proof against this vanity: 'Put on my regimentals—as pleased as a little boy in his first breeches' (ii. 176). 'O' announces that 'Turner refused to accompany any of the expeditions to Ireland, and went from Paris to the Hague' (i. 409). Turner had been in dread of assassination as the penalty of betrayal, and could not be persuaded to revisit Ireland while the troubles and their excitement continued.
[758] Castlereagh Papers, i. 408.
[759] Ibid. p. 410 (October, 1798).
[760] Wellington Correspondence (Ireland), p. 455.
[761] But Flint seems to have had more to do in this rôle than paternally to extend the ægis. Lord Cloncurry, describing his own arrest in 1798, writes (Memoirs, p. [68]) that his Swiss valet was seized under the Alien Act, sent out of the country, and never heard of more.
[762] United Irishmen, iv. 232-5. Sir Jonah, in his Personal Sketches (pp. [163]-6), tells this himself, but without the elaborate colouring of Madden.
[763] Probably Foster. Some of the papers in the same volume are addressed to the Right Hon. the Speaker, Collon (Pelham MSS. fol. 205). Thomas Pelham, Earl of Chichester, whose name has been often mentioned in this book, died July 4, 1826. A pleasing sketch of Pelham appears in Barrington's Memoirs, i. 180.
[764] Francis Magan (see p. [134], ante).
[765] It would be unlike Jones if his letters to Lady Moira did not deal with warmer topics than 'antiquities.' Tone's Life contains a letter from Lady Moira to Jones, in which she says: 'As to making a democrat of me, that, you must be persuaded, is a fruitless hope.'
[766] It has never been my habit to print only such parts of letters as are convenient to my purpose. Lady Moira would be the last to suspect her neighbour Magan; and she naturally thought at once of Musgrave, who had so recently accepted Jones's challenge. But Lady Moira was wrong in thinking that, when their affair of honour ended, Musgrave owed spite to Jones. He afforded good proof to the contrary in omitting from later editions of his book the passages which had offended Jones. The duel took place at Rathgar, Musgrave was slightly wounded, and Ned Lysaght said that his next edition would probably be 'in boards.' Jones, in a private letter, written long after, speaks of his antagonist as 'Dick Musgrave,' and exonerates him from the suspicion of having spitefully caused his arrest. A notice of the duel appears in the Annual Register for 1802, p. 410. T. O. Mara attended Jones as second.
[767] Under-Secretary at Dublin Castle.
[768] The Lady Elizabeth Craven, whom Mr. John Edward Maddox married, died in 1799.
[769] McCan, the agent of Grattan, was examined by the Privy Council; when the Attorney-General, O'Grady, is stated to have offered McCan office, and a payment of 10,000l. if he would criminate Grattan.—Life of Grattan, by his Son, v. 228. McCan, on behalf of Grattan, had remitted money to Dowdall, but only from motives of humanity. Dowdall was concerned in Robert Emmet's plot. Mathias O'Kelly told me that he met Dowdall, Magan, and Todd Jones dining at the table of James Dixon, the active rebel already noticed.
[770] The Countess of Granard. The Dowager Lady Moira, from whom her son inherited the baronies of Hungerford and Hastings, died on April 12, 1808.
[771] Plowden's History of Ireland, 1811, ii. 22.
[772] Appeal, p. [122]; Halliday Collection, vol. 915. R. I. A.
[773] Personal Recollections, p. [246].
[774] J. W. Sunday evening, 9 o'clock.
[775] McNally himself.
[776] Camden to Pelham, Dublin Castle, June 6, 1798. (Pelham MSS., London.)
[777] Cooke to Wickham, Dublin Castle, September 1, 1798.
[778] Philip Crampton, afterwards the famous Surgeon-General and medical baronet, took part in the action at Castlebar, as assistant surgeon to the Longford Militia. His friends often chaffed him on having been the first man to reach Tuam.
[779] Cooke to Wickham, Dublin Castle, September 1, 1798.
[780] Idem.
[781] Camden to Pelham, Dublin Castle, June 6, 1798. (Pelham MSS.)
[782] Froude's English in Ireland, iii. 351.
[783] Camden to Pelham, June 11, 1798. (MS.)
[784] Camden to Elliot, Dublin Castle, June 15, 1798. (Pelham MSS.) The only weak suggestion in the remaining part of Camden's letter—needless to transcribe—is that the scene in Ireland was sufficiently extensive for the Duke of York 'to assume the command-in-chief,' for York's failures in the field constitute unpleasant incidents in history.
[785] The Pelham MSS., London.
[786] A Journal of the Movements of the French Fleet in Bantry Bay (Cork, 1797). Hugh Lord Carleton's copy, with manuscript notes. It was this peer who tried and sentenced the Sheareses to death. When the Legislative Union became law in 1800, Lord Carleton retired from the bench and continued to reside in London until his death on Feb. 25, 1826. Though twice married he left no issue, and his peerage, like that of Bantry, is extinct.
[787] From the first days of October to the end of December, 1605.
[788] William Sinclair, of Belfast, one of the founders of the Dungannon Convention, married John Pollock's sister. He afterwards took part in the battle of Antrim where Lord O'Neil fell. He survived until the year 1864, and had reached the age of ninety-eight.
[789] See Wellington Correspondence (Ireland), p. 612.
[790] Plowden's Post-Union History, i. 223-5.
[791] Watty Cox, publisher of the Irish Magazine. Eighteen months previously, Mr. Trail, of Dublin Castle, reports to Sir A. Wellesley a long conversation with Cox. See Wellington Correspondence (Ireland), p. [121].
[792] Civil Correspondence and Memoranda of F. M. Arthur Duke of Wellington, edited by his Son, p. 535.
[793] The author of Irish Humourists describes Cox as one of the most peculiar individuals to be met with in Irish history, and expresses hope that some day the documents relating to him possessed by the late Dr. Madden, and other manuscripts that must be somewhere in existence, will be published, and a full biography given to the world of so striking a personality.
[794] Cooke to Pelham, Dublin Castle, December 14, 1797.
[795] Camden to Pelham, December 16, 1797. (Pelham MSS.)
[796] In Birmingham Tower, Dublin Castle, the box marked 'Carton 620-24' should be consulted.
[797] Hope, who knew most of the secrets of his party, has stated that the man who administered the oath to the soldier was not William Orr but William McKeever, a delegate from Derry, who afterwards escaped to America.
[798] United Irishmen, i. 486-7.
[799] This was the Wheatley known to Captain Hester.
[800] This narrow street—as well as the adjoining passage known as 'Hell'—was cleared away soon after, in order to form Christchurch Place in front of the cathedral.
[801] Letter of the Right Hon. Thomas Pelham, Phœnix Park, Nov. 1, 1797, to the Home Office. (Pelham MSS.)
[802] Garret, Earl of Mornington, married the daughter of Lord Dungannon, was father of the Duke of Wellington, and died May 22, 1784.
[803] The late John Cornelius O'Callaghan, the highest authority on the Jacobite and Williamite wars, assured me that this speech, attributed to James, was never uttered.
[804] O'Leary was honorary chaplain to the Irish Brigade Volunteers.
[805] A Catholic Peer.
[806] No doubt 'Counsellor Hamilton,' a democratic barrister of Ulster, uncle of Thomas Russell, who was executed in 1803 as the colleague of Emmet.
[807] The volunteer meeting at Dungannon in February, 1782, resolved that 'the claim of any body of men other than the King, Lords, and Commons of Ireland, to make laws to bind this kingdom, is unconstitutional, illegal, and a grievance.'
[808] Who these men were, see p. [231] ante. Gavan may have been an error of the copyist for Thomas Glanan, one of the Catholic delegates of the city of Dublin in 1793.
[809] Wellington Correspondence (Ireland), pp. [371]-6.
[810] Vide Wellington Despatches, compiled by Lieut.-Colonel Gurwood, ii. 538. (London, 1835.)