Freezing Mixtures.
Refrigerating salts and mixtures are used to produce cold artificially. They are used with or without ice or snow. As is well known common salt mixed with pounded ice or snow lowers the temperature to a considerable degree, so there are other mixtures which will produce a still greater degree of cold. The following simple and cheap preparation, when mixed according to directions, will produce artificial cold sufficient to cool wines, etc., without the aid of ice: Take common sal-ammoniac, well pulverized, 1 part; saltpeter, 2 parts, and mix well together: then take common soda, well pulverized. To use, take equal quantities of these preparations (which must be kept separate and well covered previous to using) and put them in the freezing pot; add of water a sufficient quantity, and put in the article to be frozen in a proper vessel and cover up until cooled as desired.
These tables consist of mixtures having the power of generating or creating cold, with or without the aid of ice, sufficient for all useful and philosophical purposes, in any part of the world at any season:
FREEZING MIXTURES WITHOUT ICE. | |||||
| MIXTURES | Thermometer Sinks. | Degree of cold Produced. | |||
Muriate of ammonium | 5 parts |  | From +50° to +10° | 40 | |
Nitrate of potassium | 5 parts | ||||
Water | 16 parts | ||||
Muriate of ammonium | 5 parts |  | From +50° to +4° | 46 | |
Nitrate of potassium | 5 parts | ||||
Sulphate of sodium | 8 parts | ||||
Water | 16 parts | ||||
Nitrate of ammonium | 1 parts |  | From +50° to +4° | 46 | |
Water | 1 parts | ||||
Nitrate of ammonium | 1 parts | | From +50° to -7° | 57 | |
Carbonate of sodium | 1 parts | ||||
Water | 1 parts | ||||
Sulphate of sodium | 3 parts | | From +50° to -3° | 53 | |
Dilute nitric acid | 2 parts | ||||
Sulphate of sodium | 6 parts | | From +50° to -10° | 60 | |
Murate of ammonium | 4 parts | ||||
Nitrate of potassium | 2 parts | ||||
Dilute nitric acid | 4 parts | ||||
Sulphate of sodium | 6 parts | | From +50° to -14° | 64 | |
Nitrate of ammonium | 5 parts | ||||
Dilute nitric acid | 4 parts | ||||
Phosphate of sodium | 9 parts | | From +50° to -12° | 62 | |
Dilute nitric acid | 4 parts | ||||
Phosphate of sodium | 9 parts | | From +50° to -21° | 71 | |
Nitrate of ammonium | 6 parts | ||||
Dilute nitric acid | 4 parts | ||||
Sulphate of sodium | 8 parts | | From +50° to 0° | 50 | |
Muriatic acid | 5 parts | ||||
Sulphate of sodium | 5 parts | | From +50° to +3° | 47 | |
Dilute sulphuric acid | 4 parts | ||||
FREEZING MIXTURES WITH ICE. | |||||
| MIXTURES | Thermometer Sinks. | Degree of cold Produced. | |||
Snow or pounded ice | 2 parts | | F r o m a n y t e m p e r a t u r e | to -5° | .. |
Muriate of sodium | 1 parts | ||||
Snow or pounded ice | 5 parts | | to -12° | .. | |
Muriate of sodium | 2 parts | ||||
Muriate of ammonium | 1 parts | ||||
Snow or pounded ice | 24 parts | | to -18° | .. | |
Muriate of sodium | 10 parts | ||||
Muriate of ammonium | 5 parts | ||||
Nitrate of potassium | 5 parts | ||||
Snow or pounded ice | 12 parts | | to -25° | .. | |
Muriate of sodium | 5 parts | ||||
Nitrate of ammonium | 5 parts | ||||
Snow | 3 parts | | From +32° | to -23° | 55 |
Dilute sulphuric acid | 2 parts | ||||
Snow | 8 parts | | From +32° | to -27° | 59 |
Muriatic acid | 5 parts | ||||
Snow | 7 parts | | From +32° | to -30° | 62 |
Dilute nitric acid | 4 parts | ||||
Snow | 4 parts | | From +32° | to -40° | 72 |
Muriate of calcium | 5 parts | ||||
Snow | 2 parts | | From +32° | to -50° | 82 |
Crystallized muriate of calcium | 3 parts | ||||
Snow | 3 parts | | From +32° | to -51° | 83 |
Potash | 4 parts | ||||
COMBINATIONS OF FREEZING MIXTURES. | |||||
| MIXTURES | Thermometer Sinks. | Degree of cold Produced. | |||
Phosphate of sodium | 5 parts | | From 0° to -34° | 34 | |
Nitrate of ammonium | 3 parts | ||||
Dilute nitric acid | 4 parts | ||||
Phosphate of sodium | 3 parts | | From -34° to -50° | 16 | |
Nitrate of ammonium | 2 parts | ||||
Dilute nitric acid | 4 parts | ||||
Snow | 3 parts | | From 0° to -46° | 46 | |
Dilute nitric acid | 2 parts | ||||