Index
Abasines, of Mount Moriah, [220];
of Mount Sinai, [222];
of Fez, [325].
Abdeminoples, Mahomet sold to, [130].
Abydos, fortress on the Hellespont (Asia Minor) opposite Sestos, [112].
Achaia, district of Greece, situation of, [107], [108];
chief cities of, [108].
Adriatic Coast, cities and sea-port towns on, [33].
Adriatic Sea, marriage of the Doge and the, [36].
Ægean Sea, [98].
Æneas Silvius, Cosmographical Treatise of Europe by, [61].
Æneid, Virgil’s, quotation from, [108], [109].
Agamemnon at the siege of Troy, [98].
Ahetzo, M. Chatteline at, [326], [327].
Aiton, young, friend of Lithgow, [9].
Alcade, of Malaga, [392], [395];
and the Inquisition, [399].
Alcino, gardens of, [53].
Alcoran, or Koran, Mohammedan scriptures, [132], [135].
Aleppo, commerce of, [147];
Venetian consul at, [177];
Pasha of, [180];
comments upon, [181].
Algiers, captured by Barbarossa (A.D. 1515), [317];
pirates of, [317];
slaves of, [317], [318];
comments upon, [316]–319.
Allathya, the, of London, [154].
Allen, John, a Scotchman, [83].
Allen, Robert, panegyric verses of, [xxvii].
Ambassador, Spanish, in London, false promises of the, [419].
Ancona, city of, [32].
Androsians, Themistocles and the, [98].
Angusa, comments upon, [85].
Antioch, ancient capital of the Greek kings of Syria, [176];
Christians at, [176].
Antiochus the Great, founder of Antioch, [176].
Antonio, Signior Marco, Venetian consul at Cairo, [267].
Apollo, temple of, at Delos, [85].
Arabia, kings of, [203];
boundaries and inhabitants of, [262].
Arabia Felix, [188].
Arabia Petrœa, [188].
Arabs, wandering, travellers attacked by, [206], [231], [258].
Aragon, Peter of, and the Sicilian vespers, [346];
kingdom of, [384].
Archimedes, [344].
Archipelago, Grecian, islands of the, [84] ff., [98].
Arethusa, fountain of, at Syracuse, [344].
Aristotle, death of, [103].
Armada, English, and the Moors, news of the, [406].
Armenians, caravan of, [182].
Armies, Turkish, [150].
Arran, island of, description of, [428].
Arthur, James, Scottish gentleman, [28], [32].
Asia Minor, comments upon, [154], [155].
Asisi, St. Francis of, [21].
Aston, Sir Walter, English ambassador to Madrid (1621), and the governor of Malaga, [417];
and the sufferings of Lithgow, [424].
Athens, [66]–68.
Athos, Mount, Greek reverence for, [115].
Atodala, converted Jew, and Mahomet, [131].
Aughmuty, Mr. James, [15].
Authors, famous classical, [15].
Azamglians, compared to the Pretorian army, [149].
Babylon, journey from Aleppo to, [177].
Badgello, captain of the sergeants at Pestoia, knavery of, and Lithgow, [308], [309].
Bailey, William, native of Clydesdale, [369].
Bajazet II. and the Jews, [54].
Baldwin, King, tomb of, at Jerusalem, [238].
Balsam, garden of, at Cairo, [274].
Barbarossa and the Spaniards, [51].
Barbary, kingdom of, [287];
Turkish policy in (A.D. 1615), [318];
and the provinces betwixt Egypt and Gibraltar, [319];
women of, [320].
Basan, Og, king of, [204].
Beauclair, M., French consul at Cairo, and Lithgow, [268].
Beershacke (Birejeck), in Mesopotamia, [179].
Beglerbeg, or Bassa (Pasha), Turkish governor of Greece, [66];
Sofia, residence of Grecian, [66];
rules concerning the, [66];
of Damascus, [186].
Beglerbegs, Bassas (Pashas), number of, [150].
Beglerbergship, the, of Barbary, [331].
Berne, comments upon, [383].
Bethany, tomb of Lazarus at, [251].
Bethlehem, Franciscan monastery at, [246];
of Judea, [248].
Biscay, province of Spain, [383].
Bishops’ College of Malaga, priest of the, [407].
Bithynia, division of Asia Minor, [154].
Black Sea, [125].
Boniface III., Pope, [133], [134].
Books and observations, Lithgow’s, translated into Spanish, [407].
Bothwell, Earl of, at Naples, [294].
Bouillon, Godfrey de, tomb of, at Jerusalem, [238].
Boyde, Alexander, commendation of Lithgow’s history by, [xxx].
Breda, ‘A True and Experimentall Discourse upon the beginning Proceeding and Victorious Event of this last Siege of,’ by William Lithgow. London, 1637, [xii].
Bridge, Jacob’s, across the Jordan, [190].
Brioni, islands of, [41].
Brockesse, Master, English factor at Sidon, [199].
Bruce, David, of Clackmannan, [304].
Bryson, Robert, printer, Edinburgh, [xii].
Buda, [361];
recovered by Soliman II., [104];
beglerbeg of, [362].
Button, Sir Thomas, and the sufferings of Lithgow, [424];
letter from, to Sir Thomas Coventry, [425], [426].
Byzantium, see Constantinople.
Cæsarea Philippi, ruins of, [193].
Caffar, tribute, exacted by Arabs from Christians in Palestine, [201].
Cairo, commerce of, [147];
comments upon, [266]–273;
consuls at, [267];
beglerbeg of, [268];
description of, [269] ff.;
commerce of, [271];
cosmopolitanism of, [271];
caves of mummies at, [274].
Caithness, Lord George, Earl of, [433];
lines to, [434]–436.
Calabria, [309];
bandits in, [310];
peasant women of, [311];
Albanians fled to, [311].
Caligula, Caius, founder of Gallipoli, [114].
Caliph, see Mufti.
Calistha, birthplace of Calimachus, [85].
Calvary, Mount, beauty of, [237].
Camels, nature of, and dromedaries, [263].
Cana of Galilee, [193].
Canaan, [190], [191];
provinces and fertility of, [192].
Candiots, or Cretans, character of, [73], [80], [81].
Canea, [73];
a Frenchman’s sad plight in the Venetian galleys at, [74].
Canes, wayside inns, [182].
Carabusa, Cretan fortress, [72].
Carmoesalo, Italian sailing vessel, [40].
Carnaro, Gulf of, [42].
Carre, Sir William, [15].
Carse of Gowrie, [431].
Carthage, rivalry between Rome and, [313];
subject to the Turks, [314].
Castriot, Captain George (Scanderbeg), [51].
Cataro, Gulf of, [49].
Cecrops, King, Athens supposed to be founded by, [67].
Cephalonia, island of, comments upon, [56], [57];
former names of, [56], [57];
situation and products of, [57];
subject to Venice, [57].
Champions, Greek, [65].
Charles V. and the Knights of St. John, [292].
Chatteline, M., in Algiers, [320].
Chelfaines, country of the, supposed earthly paradise, [175], [179].
Cheops, and the Pyramids, [276].
Chichester, Lord, [372].
Christian kings of Jerusalem, [217].
Churchmen, Turkish, [139].
Clyde, source of the, [430].
Clydesdale, the paradise of Scotland, [430].
Coffee drinking in Constantinople, [136].
Constantine the Great, founder of Constantinople, [118], [119], [120].
Constantinople, Christian slaves fled from, [113];
splendour of, [116];
comments upon, [118]–152;
taken by the Turks under Mohammed II., [119], [120];
church of St. Sophia at, [121], [124];
hippodrome at, [121];
slave market, [122];
fires at, [122];
subject to pestilence and earthquake, [124];
commerce of, [147].
Copts, Egyptian Christians, [257], [272];
religion of, [273].
Coral, best, found in Sicily, [338].
Cordova, Don Francesco di, captain of Malaga, [392];
and the Inquisition, [399].
Corfu, island of, comments upon, [52]–55;
inhabitants and governors of, [53];
fortresses of, [53];
former names of, [54];
products of, [54].
Cosmographical Treatise of Europe by Æneas Silvius, [61].
Coventry, Sir Thomas, [424].
Cracow, Scots merchants at, [367].
Crete (Candia), Turkish island in the Mediterranean, comments upon, [70]–83;
its products, rivers, and ancient cities, [71];
harvest time in, [81].
Croatia, comments upon, [42], [43].
Crocodile of the Nile, account of the killing of by a Venetian merchant, [277].
Crœsus, King, [155].
Crub (crib), description of Christ’s, at Bethlehem, [246].
Currants, great trade in, with England, [58].
Cursola, island of, [49].
Customs, Moorish, [324].
Cyclades and Sporades, see Archipelago.
Cypress trees of Mount Ida, [78].
Cyprus, comments upon, [163]–169;
inhabitants of, [163], [165];
products of, [164];
minerals found in, [165];
climate, [165];
recolonisation of, [165];
history of, [166];
conquered by the Turks, [167].
Cyrene, comments upon, [287]–289.
Dacia, provinces of, [51].
Dalmatia, comments upon, [44], [45];
provinces of, [45].
Damascus, Georgians’ paradise, [174];
pasha, or beglerbeg of, [181], [186];
comments upon, [182]–189;
capital of Syria, [184];
Turkish belief concerning, [184], [185];
antiquity of, [185].
Danser, Captain, Flemish pirate, and the Moors, [334], [335].
Danzig, [369].
David, King, ruins of the palace of, [249].
Dead Sea, [226], [227], [228];
apple, [228].
Dedalus, labyrinth of, in Crete, [78].
Delta of the Nile, [281], [284].
Demetrius, King, birthplace of, [48].
Desert, comments upon the, [259]–264;
Turkish castles in the, [258] ff.;
towns, [261].
Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, [310].
Doctor, Jewish, at Cairo, [268].
Dominicans in Jerusalem, [241].
Don John of Austria and the battle of Lepanto, [59];
death of, [60].
Douglas, Matthew, at Messina, [348].
Douglas, William, made a knight of Malta, [291];
remains at Malta, [337].
Drinks, Turkish, [136].
Dromedary, [263].
Dumbarton Castle compared to the fortress of Carabusa in Crete, [72].
Duncansbay Head, [436].
Dungeon, Lithgow’s, at Malaga, [396], [398], [405].
Eden, village of, on Mount Lebanon, [173];
Nestorians’ paradise, [173];
Garden of, [173], [174].
Egypt, fruitfulness of, [273];
comments upon, [275]–283;
kings of, [282], [283];
a Turkish province, [283];
revenues of, [284].
Elizeus, Elisha, fountain of, [232].
Emperors, Roman and Grecian, in the east and west, summary of, [142], [143].
Ephesus, decayed, [156];
temple of Diana at, [156].
Epirus, comments upon, [51], [52];
birthplace of King Pyrrhus, [51];
rivers of, [52];
Laerto, chief town of, [52].
Epistle Dedicatory, the, to Charles I., [xvii].
Escurial, palace of, description of, [386];
built by Philip II., [387].
Etna, Mount, [342], [343];
and mythology, [344].
Factors, English, at Malaga, [417].
Ferdinand, Emperor of Austria, A.D. 1616, [42].
Ferdinand, Duke, of Florence, and the invasion of Scios, [93], [94];
attempted conquest of Cyprus by, [167];
sea-fight between, and Turks, [168].
Fez, comments upon, [321], [325];
city of, compared to Granada, [321];
public buildings of, [322];
dress of the people of, [322];
seats of justice at, [323];
Mohammedan colleges at, [323];
divisions of, [323];
mosques of, [323], [324].
Fez, Modell of the Great City of, [322].
Fleet, English, at Malaga, [390], [391];
Lithgow and, [391];
intentions of the, [393].
Florence, patrimony of the Duke of, [22].
Flying fish, [288].
Fountains, curious, in Crete, [79].
France, comments upon, [297]–301, [381], [382].
Franciscans in Jerusalem, [241].
French and Spaniards, comparison between, [346].
Frenchmen, four, death of, [287].
Friars of Candia, [83].
Frigate, Moorish (slaver), [341].
Galetto, Turkish garrison at, [314].
Galilee, [190].
Galleys, French, at Puteoli, [352], [353];
Neapolitan, [349].
Gallipoli, castles of, [113];
seaport of Turkey, [114].
Galloway, commodities of, [428].
Geneva, Lake, [307].
Germans, three, death of, in the desert, [260], [261];
three, death of, at Cairo, [267];
money left by, [267], [277].
Germany, comments upon, [305].
Gib, George, and the French galleys, [353].
Glover, Sir Thomas, and the death of the English consul at Patras, [60];
British ambassador to Constantinople, [116];
and the Duke of Moldavia, [126];
good deeds of, [126];
short account of, [127];
his kindness to Lithgow, [153];
at Constantinople, [365].
Goatfell, in Arran, [428].
Goodwill, the, of Harwich, [417].
Gradisca, town in Austria, [360].
Graham, Mr. George, and St. Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall, [437].
Graham, Simeon, Lithgow’s cousin, [355], [360].
Grahame, Alison, mother of William Lithgow, [ix].
Granada, and the Moors, [389];
and Ferdinand and Isabella, [390];
and Charles V., [390];
Spanish cavalier of, and his Flemish servant at Malaga, [416].
Grand Cairo, see Cairo.
Grandison, Lord, [372].
Great Turk, beglerbegs of, in Africa, [332].
Greece, comments upon, [60]–69;
despoiled by the Turks, [65];
government of, [66];
vicissitudes of, [104], [105].
Greek Church, patriarchs in the, [105].
Greeks, first converted Christians of the Gentiles, [105];
vagabond, [106].
Grey Friars of Jerusalem, [209].
Grotto di Cane, Lithgow in the, [353].
Hamilton, Marquis of, and Lithgow, [427].
Hannay, Patrick, panegyric verses of, [xxv].
Hannibal’s war with Rome, [46].
Hanspauch (Anspach), Marquesse of, and the death of the German pilgrims, [305].
Hargrave, Thomas, English soldier in Canea, [75], [82].
Harvests, Egyptian, [266].
Hawkins, Sir Richard, and the governor of Malaga, [406];
with his squadron at Malaga, [417];
and Lithgow, [418].
Hay, Monsieur, of Smithfield, friend of Lithgow, [9].
Hazier, a Turkish slave, [397], [398], [406];
charity of, [413].
Hebrides, [438].
Helen, Saint, and the Holy Sepulchre, [236];
and the cross, [238].
Hellespont, derivation of, [115].
Hepburn, Captain George, at Naples, [294].
Hephestia, birthplace of Vulcan, [87].
Heraclius and Mahomet, [135].
Heragenes, or Æthiopian negroes, [326].
Hercules, temple of, in Malta, [336].
Hexamite, famous Grecian wall, [61].
Hills, Jerusalem’s four, [213].
History of Crete, [71].
Hoggeis, holy men, [135].
Holy Land, [192];
seaports of the, [205].
Holy Sepulchre, at Jerusalem, [235];
exaction of tribute from pilgrims to the, [235];
description of, [236];
decorations of the chapel, [237];
form of the quire, [236], [237];
religious families of the church of the, [239];
ceremonies in connection with, [240];
Knights of the Holy Grave, [242].
Homer, sepulchre of, in Scios, [91].
Hungarians, [362];
character of, [363].
Hungary, fight between Turks and Christians in, [46];
comments upon, [361]–365;
special towns of, [361];
beglerbegships of, [362];
fertility of, [362], [363].
Huns, Hungarians descendants of, [362].
Huttonhall, young, friend of Lithgow, [9].
Idumea (Edom), comments upon, [257].
Incubation in Tunis (A.D. 1616), [334].
India, nearer passage to, Eastern monarchs and the, [263].
Inquisition, Spanish, [407] ff.;
condemnation to death by the, [413].
Inquisitor of Malaga, Lithgow and the, [407], [408], [409];
fury of the, [410].
Ireland, comments upon, [372]–381;
provinces of, [373];
people of, [374];
conditions in (1620), [374];
religion in, [375];
gentry of, [375];
abuses in, [376];
husbandry in (1620), [377].
Ischia, island of, [350].
Israel, burial place of the kings and queens of, [244].
Istria, comments upon, [40], [41];
margraviate of Austria, [360].
Istrians, antiquity of the, [41].
Italy, comments upon, [10]–39, [295], [296], [309]–312;
derivation of name of, [19];
founders of, [19];
four papal territories of, [21];
soil of, [23];
women of, [23].
Ithaca, ancient name of Cephalonia, [56].
Jadileke, fortress or prison in Constantinople, [122].
James VI., King, his foure Crownes, [252];
and the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, [253];
letters and patents of, to Lithgow, examined at Malaga, [394];
death of (1625), [424].
Jericho, [231];
house of Zacheus at, [231].
Jerome, abbey of, [234].
Jerusalem, sighted, [208];
comments upon, [208]–255;
gates of, [210];
antiquity of, [212];
walls of, [213];
overthrow of, [214];
government (A.D. 1612), [214], [215];
garrison at, [215];
Christian kings of, [217];
Turks, rulers of, [217];
places of biblical interest in and round, [220], [221], [243], [244] ff.;
arms of, [252], [253].
Jerusalem, Model of the Great Seale of the Guardians of the Holy Grave at, [254].
Jesuits, Scottish, in Rome, [18];
in Jerusalem, [241];
of Malaga, and Lithgow, [407], [410], [411], [412].
Jewish kings, [216].
Jewry, dukes of, [216].
Jews, in Venice, [36];
comparison between and Jesuits, [39];
in Turkey, [148];
origin of the, [191];
bondage of, [192];
dispersion of the, [215].
Joab, Christian guide, treachery of, [196], [197].
Joppa, tribute exacted at, from pilgrims to Jerusalem, [207].
Jordan, pilgrimage to, [225];
river, [190];
river, and the Dead Sea, [227];
source of the, [229].
Josephus, on the fall of Jerusalem, [214].
Joshua, tomb of, on Mount Lebanon, [172].
Judea, mountain of, [246].
Judgment, a favourable Turkish, [268].
Juno, worship of, by the Maltese, [336].
Justinopoli, ruins of, [41].
Kingdoms of Greece mentioned, [52].
Kings, Moorish, [324].
Kirkwall, St. Magnus Cathedral at, [437].
Knights of St. John, of Malta, of Rhodes, [159];
formal oath of Knights of Malta, [336].
Knights of the Holy Grave, [242].
Knox, John, and the abbeys and monasteries of Scotland, [433].
Lacedæmon, see Sparta.
Lanark, birthplace of William Lithgow, [ix]. [431];
churchyard of St. Kentigern at, [xii].;
ancient city of, [72];
paradise of Scotland, [430].
Lanark Grammar School, William Lithgow educated at, [ix].
Lango, island of, [88], [89];
birthplace of Hippocrates and Appelles, [157].
Largastolo, Christian gallies assemble at (1571), [56].
Latin, spoken in Hungary, [364].
Lebanon, cedars of, [170], [171];
comments upon Mount, [171];
prince of, [171].
Lepanto, battle of, [46], [47];
description of battle of, [59].
Lesbos, island of, or Mytilene, [94];
Sarcam, Turkish name for, [98];
comments upon, [94]–102.
Lesina, island of, in the Adriatic, [47].
Letters, Egyptians and, [273].
Letters and patents granted to Lithgow, [372];
loss of, at Malaga, [418].
Ley, Alexander, Scotchman in Malaga, [407].
Library of the ancient Romans, [15].
Libyan Desert, comments upon, [327]–332;
wild beasts of the, [328].
Lithgow, James, father of William Lithgow, [ix].
Lithgow, William, author and traveller, account of, [ix].–xiii.;
William Lithgow, Poetical Remains of, Edinburgh, 1863, [xii].;
works of, [xii]., [xiii].;
prologue of, to the reader, [xxi].;
the author to his book, [xxxi].;
portrait of, frontispiece, [110];
in his Turkish dress, [128];
in the Libyan Desert, [328];
beset with six murderers, [364];
in irons in the governour’s palace, [396];
in the racke at Malaga, [402].
Lithgow’s Survey of Scotland, [427], [438].
Lombardy, garden of the world, [22], [38].
‘London, The present Surveigh of, and Englands State,’ by William Lithgow. London, 1643, [xii].
London and Paris compared (1609), [9].
Loretto, Madonna di, illusions concerning, [24];
pilgrimages to, [24];
opinions of Papists concerning, [27];
chapel of, Armenians and, [194].
Lyndesay, Walter, panegyric verses of, [xxvi].
Lyon, the, flagship of the English fleet at Malaga, [391].
Maccabean princes, [217].
Macedonia, comments upon, [104]–108.
Madrid, [387].
Mahomet, birth and early life, [130];
later life, [131];
tomb of, [133];
the Great, Otranto taken by, Anno 1481, [21].
Maidment, Dr. James, and the ‘Poetical Remains of William Lithgow,’ [xii].
Malaga, Mr. Woodson and Lithgow at, [390];
English fleet in the harbour of, [390], [391];
English factors at, [394], [417];
imprisonment of Lithgow at, [395] ff.
Malta, comments upon, [290]–293, [336], [337];
castles of, [291];
products of, [291];
and the Knights of St. John, [292];
inhabitants and language, [292];
slaves in, [293].
Mamalukes, or Mamelukes, sultans of Egypt, [283].
Mansell, Sir Robert, Admiral of the English fleet at Malaga (1620), [391];
and Lithgow, [417];
and the sufferings of Lithgow, [424].
Mansfield, Count, army of, in Austria, [360].
Mariana, attendant, in the dungeon at Malaga, [405].
Market place of Damascus, [185].
Matthew, the, of London, [313].
Maxwell, Sir James, [424].
Mecca, [133];
pilgrimages to, [135].
Mediterranean, queens of the, [166].
Menelaus, king of Sparta, [68].
Mermaid, the, of Amsterdam, [334].
Mesopotamia, comments upon, [179];
fruitfulness of, [179].
Messina, Christian galleys at, [347].
Miles, Hungarian, [363].
Minerals found in Cyprus, [165].
Minos, King, cave of, near Mount Ida, [78].
Miracle, account of a, [384], [385].
Miracles, Our Lady of, see Loretto.
Moldavia, Duke of, and Sir Thomas Glover, [126];
northern division of Roumania, [365], [366].
Monster, description of a, [47], [48].
Montpellier, in Languedoc, a Frenchman of, in the Venetian galleys at Canea, [74];
his escape, aided by Lithgow, [75], [76].
Moorish brigantine (slaver), [293], [294].
Moors, travellers attacked by, [208];
Egyptian, [273].
Morea or Peloponnesus, southern peninsula of Greece, description of the, [61].
Morocco, kings of, and men of science, [324].
Mouslee, strange tree, [174].
Mufti (chief priest), or caliph, Mohammedan sovereign and head of the Mohammedan religion, title now assumed by the Sultan of Turkey, [129].
Mummies, caves of the, at Cairo, [274].
Murray, John, panegyric verses of, [xxviii].
Mussulman, Mahommedan, [184].
Naples, commendation of, [19];
kingdom of, [20];
chief cities, [20];
comments upon, [350]–353;
Lithgow in the Grotto di Cane, [353].
Navarre, kingdom of, [384].
Nazareth, [194].
Negro, Indian, kindness of, to Lithgow, [414].
Negropont, island of, comments upon, [102], [103].
Nestorians, [172];
paradise of the, [173].
Nestorius, heresy of, [154].
Netherlands, comments upon the, [303];
Spaniards in the, [303].
Newcastle, An Experimental and Exact Relation upon that famous and renowned Siege of, by William Lithgow. Edinburgh, 1645, [xii].
Nicalide, in Achaia, birthplace of Aristotle, [108].
Nicaria, island of, [87].
Nile, artificial channels of the, [266], [280];
irrigation of Egypt by the, [273], [278]–281;
names of the, [281];
its delta, [281];
Rhone compared to the, [282].
Oils of Candia, [166].
Okes, J., printer, London, [xii].
Olive trees of Crete, [77].
Olivet, Mount, and its places of interest, [251], [252].
Olympian Games, instituted by Hercules, [104].
Orange, Prince of, and war with Spain in the Netherlands, [303].
Oranges and lemons of Scios, [91];
fruits of Scios, [92].
Orkney and Shetland Islands, voyages to, [9];
compared to the Sporades, [95];
fertility of, [95].
Osero, island of, [43].
Ostia, Mediterranean port, [13].
Ovid, quotation from, [87].
Padua, description of, [38].
Palestine, comments upon, [193]–207.
Papists, superstition of, [17].
Parenzo, port of, [40];
city of, [41].
Parliament, Lithgow’s bill of grievance to, [424], [425].
Parnassus, chief seat of the Muses, [106].
Patent, of Jerusalem, [254], [296].
Patents, Lithgow’s, and the Inquisition at Malaga, [331].
Patmos, island of, Saint John in the, [86].
Patriarchal sees, cities of the, [286].
Pau, province of, [383].
Pausanius, supposed founder of Byzantium, [118], [119].
Pennington, Captain, and the confiscation of his ship by the French, [353].
Pentland Firth, tides of the, [436];
dangers of, [437].
Pera, suburb of Constantinople, [125].
Peredas, Don Jasper Ruiz de, governor of Malaga (1620), [391];
traitorous dealings of, [392];
and a tyrannical oath, [393];
in Lithgow’s prison, [397];
and the Inquisition, [399].
Pergamus, parchment first made at, [165].
Persians and Turks compared, [151].
Peterasso (Patras), Turkish armada at, [56];
description of the city of, [60];
English consul poisoned at, [60].
Pharsalia, battle of, in Arcadia, [62].
Piedmont and Genoese jurisdictions, [23].
Pigeon post between Aleppo and Babylon, [181].
Pilgrims’ dinner at Rome, [13], [14].
Pinder, Sir Paul, succeeds Sir Thomas Glover as ambassador at Constantinople, [126];
kindness of, to Lithgow, [153].
Pindus, Mount, [52].
Pirates, Lithgow’s vessel pursued by, [54], [55], [56];
Lithgow wounded by, [56];
Turkish, danger from, [89], [99].
Poets, Moorish, prince of, [325].
Pola, poisonous exhalations from lake near, [41].
Poland, comments upon, [367]–369;
people of, [368];
soil of, [368].
Pompey’s Pillar, [125].
Portugal, [386].
Pottaro, or rack, instrument of torture, [400];
description of, [403].
Potters’ field at Jerusalem, [249].
Prester, John, tribute paid by the Great Turk to, [281].
Puteoli, ancient monuments of, [350], [351], [352];
dogs’ cave near, [354].
Pyramids, [274]–277.
Quaranto, mountain of, where Christ fasted forty days, [232];
danger in descending, [233].
Rack, see Pottaro.
Ragusa, republic of, [49];
islands belonging to, [49];
description of, [49], [50];
trade with Genoa, [50].
Ramadan, or Beiram, Turkish lent, [141].
Ravenna, [360].
Red Sea, [264].
Rhama, inhabitants of, [207].
Rhodes, island of, comments upon, [158], [159];
Colossus at, [159];
Knights of Malta and, [159];
conquest of, by Soliman, [160];
chief cities of, [161].
Rhone, river, compared to the Nile, [307].
Rivers of Hell, [52].
Robbers, savage Arabian, tyranny of, from the Red Sea to Babylon, [186].
Robertson, Eleazar, commendation of Lithgow by, [xxix].
Rollocke, James, secretary to Sir Thomas Glover at Constantinople, [125].
Roman antiquities, [14] f.
Rome, antiquity of, [10];
Seven Hills of, [11];
Lithgow’s escape from, [18];
comments upon, [355]–359.
Royal Exchange, the, of London, [169].
Rubicon, river of Italy, [33].
St. Angelo, Mount, in Apulia, [46].
St. Catherine of Siena, observation of, [12].
St. Francis of Asisi, [21].
St. Kentigern, churchyard of, at Lanark, [xii].
St. Maure, island of, [54].
St. Peter’s at Rome, [16].
St. Salvator, monastery of, in Canea, [75].
Sabunks, or Sabuncks, Libyan desert tribe, [330].
Salonica, situation of, [103];
Jews of, [103], [104].
Samaria, [200];
Jacob’s Well at, [204].
Samson’s Pillar, [199].
Samuel, tomb of, [243].
Sancto Salvatore, Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, [235].
Saracens, [133];
descendants of Esau, [144];
and the Turks, [143];
and the Knights of St. John, [159].
Sardis, in Lydia, residence of King Crœsus, [155].
Savoy, Dukes of, and Cyprus, [166];
Dukes of, [307];
Turin, residence of, [307];
wars of, [308].
Saybantus, Gaudentius, Father Guardian of the Grey Friars at Jerusalem, [253].
Scanderbeg, see Castriot, Captain George.
Scios, comments upon, [91];
under Turkish rule, [92];
products of, [92];
monasteries at, [92];
women of, [92];
fortress of, [93];
Turkish Pasha of, and Duke Ferdinand, [93], [94].
Scoks, Dalmatians, [42];
and the Turks, [42];
and the Venetians, [42].
Scotland, false aspersions upon, [96];
comments upon, [427]–439;
length of, [429];
lakes or lochs of, [429];
chief rivers and towns of, [430];
nobility of, [430], [432];
chief commodities of, [432].
Scots families in Poland, [368].
Seal, Great, Discourse of, see Patent.
Sehan, commerce of, [261].
Sergius, Nestorian monk, and Mahomet, [131].
Serigo, island of, famous for its marble, [68].
Serpentine stone, found in Negropont, [103].
Sestos, fortress on the Hellespont (Turkey), opposite Abydos, [112].
Shamma (Damascus), [184], [185].
Shetland, islands of, [438].
Shipwreck, account of a, [89];
a happy deliverance, [90].
Sicilians as orators, [339].
Sicily, early names of, [337];
fertility of, [337];
wines and wheat of, [338];
ancient divisions of, [338];
parliament of, [339];
general council of, [339];
crown-rent of, [339];
language of, [340];
chief cities of, [344];
women of, [346];
famous scholars of, [347].
Sidon, [198];
English factor at, [199].
Sidonians, or Drusians, origin of, [172].
Sigismund, king of Poland, [367].
Sinclair, Sir William, of Catboll, [433];
lines to, [434]–436.
Slavonia, comments upon, [46]–50;
former names of, [50].
Slavonians, characteristics of, [50].
Smith, John, English soldier in Canea, [75];
and Lithgow, [82], [83].
Smiths, Moorish, [331].
Sodom, lake of, see Dead Sea.
Sofia, [114].
Soliman the Magnificent and the Jews of Salonica, [104];
conquest of Rhodes by, [159], [160];
and the Knights of St. John, [292].
Solomon, temple of, at Jerusalem, [223].
Solomon’s fish-ponds, [247].
Sona, Duke of, and the bandits of Sicily, [340].
Spain, comments upon, [385]–399;
travelling in, [387].
Spaniards, pedigree of, [388];
their captivity under the Moors, [388];
manners and virtues of, [388], [389];
and arts and sciences, [389];
Lithgow’s tortures by the, of Malaga, [398] ff.
Sparta, or Lacedæmon, ancient capital of Laconia, ruins of, [63].
Sphinx, [277].
Spices, of India and Arabia, [264].
Starhulds, Baron, [365].
Stromboli, island of, [349].
Stydolffe, Mr., Englishman, at Messina, [347].
Suda, harbour of, or Suda Bay, [76];
valley of, [76], [77].
Suez Canal, [263].
Sur, Moorish name for Tyre, [198].
Survey of Scotland, Lithgow’s, [427], [438].
Switzerland, comments upon, [305]–307;
cantons of, [305].
Syra, comments upon, [89].
Syracuse, [344].
Syria, comments upon, [176], [177].
Syrians, biblical Aramites, [181].
Tarsus, birthplace of St. Paul, [162].
Tartars, characteristics of the, [366]; see Turks.
Tartary, boundaries of, [366];
Cham, or Emperor of, [366].
Tenedos, island of, comments upon, [108], [109];
French merchants at, [109].
Thebes, former capital of Upper Egypt, ruins of, [107].
Thessaly, [104].
Thrace, chief cities of, [115].
Tiber, river, [11], [12];
compared to the Jordan, [229].
Timariots, [149], [186], [332], [362].
Tobacco pipes, Turkish, [183].
Toledo, [389].
Tophet, [250].
Torne, Count of, in Cracow, [367].
Torture, different forms of, used by the Inquisition, [401] ff.
Tortures, Lithgow’s comments upon his, [417]–425.
Totall Discourse, by William Lithgow, [x]., [xi]., [xii]., [xiii].;
facsimile of title-page of 1632 edition, [xvii].
Transylvania, province of Hungary, [364], [365];
religion of, [365].
Trapundy, salt trade of, [345];
coral trade of, [345].
Tremizen, or Telensim, kingdom of, in Barbary, [316].
Tribute, exaction of, by wandering Arabs, [201], [202];
from pilgrims to the Holy Sepulchre, [235].
Tripoli, seaport of Syria, [169];
commerce of, [170].
Trohodos, Mount, in Cyprus, [165].
Trojans, tombs of the, [109].
Tunis, capital of that territory, [313];
kingdom of, [314];
provinces of, [314];
comments upon, [313]–315.
Turcomani, [176].
Turin, residence of the Duke of Savoy, [23].
Turk, Great, [139], [151];
power of, [145];
revenues of, [147];
beglerbegs or bassas of, in Europe, [362].
Turkey, religious customs and ceremonies in, [127], [128];
sabbaths in, [127].
Turkish, prayers, times of, [127];
characteristics, [136], [147];
justice, [137];
marriages, [138];
paradise, [140], [141];
opinions of hell, [142];
language, [145];
belief in predestination, [146];
dress, [146];
customs, [146];
armies, [150];
customs, [183].
Turks, injustice and cruelty of, [168];
their seamanship, [169];
Scythia and the, [143];
description of, [144], [145];
descendants of the Scythians, or Tartars, [145].
Turpentine tree, [230], [248].
Tyrants, Sicilian, [345].
Tyre, city of ancient Phœnicia, [198];
harbour of, [198];
ruins of, [198].
Vanguard, the, one of the British squadron at Malaga, [417].
Venetians, character and supposed descent of, [35], [36].
Venice, [33];
St. Mark’s Pillar at, [33];
chief ordinary or inn at, [34];
situation and common-wealth of, [35];
Jews in, [36];
description of, [37];
Mr. Arthur’s farewell from, [37].
Verny, Sir Francis, death of, at Messina, [348].
Viccario, Laurenzo Antonia il, Grey Friar at Jerusalem, [253].
Vienna, comments upon, [360], [361].
Virgil, monument of, [19].
Virgin Mary, attributes of the, [31].
Ward, Captain, English pirate at Tunis, [315].
Watch towers (beacons) of the Mediterranean, [342].
Wedderburne, Dr. John, at Padua, [38].
Wheat of Sicily, [338].
Wilds, M., English consul at Malaga, [417].
Wine of Candia, [166];
of Cyprus, [163];
of Sicily, [338];
of Crete, [71].
Wolson, an English renegade, and Lithgow, [81].
Women, Egyptian, [272].
Wood, Mr., Scotsman at Messina, [347].
Woodson, Mr., London merchant, [390].
Writing, first ancient, [15].
Wylie, William, native of Edinburgh, [311].
Xerxes’ bridge of boats, [114].
Zante, comments upon, [57], [58], [59];
products of, [58];
trade of, with the Peloponnesus;
trade of, in currants, with England, [58].
Zara, chief city of Dalmatia, [43], [44];
Duke of Venice signior of, [44].
