III. OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE.
416. Although the omission of the relative is common when it would be the object of the verb or preposition expressed, there is an omission which is not frequently found in careful writers; that is, when the relative word is a pronoun, object of a preposition understood, or is equivalent to the conjunction when, where, whence, and such like: as, "He returned by the same route [by which] he came;" "India is the place [in which, or where] he died." Notice these sentences:—
In the posture I lay, I could see nothing except the sky.—Swift.
This is he that should marshal us the way we were going.—Emerson.
But I by backward steps would move;
And, when this dust falls to the urn,
In that same state I came, return.
—Vaughan.
Welcome the hour my aged limbs
Are laid with thee to rest.
—Burns.
The night was concluded in the manner we began the morning.—Goldsmith.
The same day I went aboard we set sail.—Defoe.
The vulgar historian of a Cromwell fancies that he had determined on being Protector of England, at the time he was plowing the marsh lands of Cambridgeshire.—Carlyle.
To pass under the canvas in the manner he had entered required time and attention.—Scott.
Exercise.—In the above sentences, insert the omitted conjunction or phrase, and see if the sentence is made clearer.
IV. THE RELATIVE AS AFTER SAME.
417. It is very rarely that we find such sentences as,—
He considered...me as his apprentice, and accordingly expected the same service from me as he would from another.—Franklin.
This has the same effect in natural faults as maiming and mutilation produce from accidents.—Burke.
The regular construction.
Caution.
The usual way is to use the relative as after same if no verb follows as; but, if same is followed by a complete clause, as is not used, but we find the relative who, which, or that. Remember this applies only to as when used as a relative.
Examples of the use of as in a contracted clause:—
Looking to the same end as Turner, and working in the same spirit, he, with Turner, was a discoverer, etc.—R. W. Church.
They believe the same of all the works of art, as of knives, boats, looking-glasses.—Addison.
Examples of relatives following same in full clauses:—
Who.
This is the very same rogue who sold us the spectacles. —Goldsmith.
The same person who had clapped his thrilling hands at the first representation of the Tempest.—Macaulay.
That.
I rubbed on some of the same ointment that was given me at my first arrival.—Swift.
Which.
For the same sound is in my ears
Which in those days I heard.
—Wordsworth.
With the same minuteness which her predecessor had exhibited, she passed the lamp over her face and person.—Scott.