FOOTNOTES:
[10] Myres, Eugenics Review, April, 1915.
[11] Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Kultur der Gegenwart, 2, 4, 1.
[12] Cimon, Pericles, and Socrates all had three sons, and apparently no daughters.—Zimmern, The Greek Commonwealth, p. 331.
[13] Cf. (e.g.) Plato, Theaetetus, 149.
[14] We may suppose that the disproportion of the sexes, caused by female infanticide, was about rectified by the deaths of males in battle and civic strife. We do not hear that the Greek had any difficulty in finding a wife.
[15] Families, he says, were limited to one or two 'in order to leave these rich.'
[16] The population of England and Wales is said to have been 4,800,000 in 1600, and 6,500,000 in 1750. It was 8,890,000 in 1801, 32,530,000 in 1901, and approximately 37,000,000 in 1914.
[17] Statistics are wanting for the early part of the industrial revolution, but my study of pedigrees leads me to think that the average duration of life was considerably increased in the eighteenth century.
[18] The Family and the Nation, p. 143.
[19] The births per 1000 married men under fifty-five in the different classes are:—Upper and middle class, 119; Intermediate, 132; Skilled workmen, 153; Intermediate, 158; Unskilled workmen, 213.
[20] It must be remembered that the illegitimate birth-rate in Berlin is scandalously high.
[21] The crude birth-rate of Ireland is wholly misleading, because so many young couples emigrate before the birth of their first child.
[22] The possible effect of the labour movement in diminishing the population is considered in the next Essay. The last two years have, in my opinion, made the outlook less favourable.