George Washington

by William Roscoe Thayer

INDEX

Throughout the index, the initial W. is used for the name of George
Washington.

Adams, John, his Diary quoted, 57 n.; on committee to confer with Howe, 79; on Peace Commission, 130; chosen first Vice-President, 176; appoints W. Commander-in-Chief, in 1799, 217, 240; letter of W. to, 217; 49, 59, 155, 156, 162, 180, 212, 215, 217, 231, 251, 254.

Adams, Samuel, 49, 57, 59, 60, 162, 175, 176.

Addison, Rev. Mr., 253.

Agriculturist, W. as an, 37 ff.

Albert, Prince, 153.

Alleghany Mts., 7.

American Revolution, 64-126 passim; great extent of field of operations, 67; really ended with surrender at Yorktown, 126; nature and results of, 126-128; proclamation of end of hostilities, 135; saved by W.'s Fabian policy, 257.

Ames, Fisher, speech on Jay Treaty, and its effect, 211-213.

Anderson, James, 240, 253.

André, John, Clinton's messenger to Arnold, court-martialed and hanged, 110, 111.

Annapolis Convention, 158.

Anti-Assumptionists. See State debts.

Anti-Federalists, 186.

Army, Colonial, at Boston, 69 ff.; brought into order by W., 72; lacks powder, 72; compels evacuation of Boston, 72,73; how distributed, 76, 77; W. on proper organization of, 80, 81; his influence over, 82,88; condition of, at end of 1776, 84; desertions from, 84, 97; at Valley Forge, 100 ff.; W. on condition of, after the war, 131, 132; difficulties about back pay, 133, 134, 141; some officers of, intrigue to make W. king, 134; W.'s reply, 135; continued turmoil in, 135; W.'s farewell to officers of, 136, 137; attitude of Congress toward, 139, 140.

Arnold, Benedict, repulsed at Quebec, 72; surrenders West Point, 110; in Virginia, 122, 123; 77.

Articles of Confederation, 152, 153, 156.
And see States of the Confederation.

Assumptionists. See State debts.

Aurora. See Bache, B.F.

Bache, Benjamin F., attacks W.'s administration, in the
Aurora, 201, 219, 221, 222.

Ball, Mary, marries Augustine Washington, 1.
And see Washington, Mary (Ball).

Barbados, W.'s visit to, 9-11.

Barbary States, corsairs of, 155.

Bard, Dr. Samuel, 185, 186.

Beaumarchais, Caron de, 94.

Beefsteak and Tripe Club, 10.

Belvoir, Fairfax estate, 7.

Bennington, Battle of, 92.

Bernard, John, quoted on W. in retirement, 234-236.

Blackwood's Magazine, 3.

Blair, John, 161.

Bland, Theodorick, letter of W. to, 131, 132.

Bonhomme Richard, the. See Jones, John Paul.

Boston, port of, transferred to Salem, 58; blockaded by W., 69; evacuated by Howe, 72, 73; W.'s visit to, as President, 189, 190.

Boston Tea Party, 58.

Botetourt, Norborne Berkeley, Lord, 53.

Boucher, Rev. Jonathan, 41.

Braddock, Edward, his career, 19, 20; in America, 20; attacks Fort Duquesne, and is defeated and killed, 21, 22; 255.

Bradford, William, 229.

Brant, Joseph, 92.

British troops, position of, at end of 1776, 83, 84, 85; confined to New York City and Long Island, 86; W. on maltreatment of prisoners by, 98; field of operations of, transferred to South, 107, 121-123; surrender of, at Yorktown, 123 ff.

Brown, Dr., 244, 245, 247, 248.

Bunker Hill, Battle of, 65, 68.

Burgoyne, John, takes Ticonderoga, 91; defeated at Bennington, 92; surrenders to Gates at Saratoga, 93.

Burke, Edmund, 55, 62, 120.

Bute, John Stuart, Earl of, 29, 49.

Butler, Pierce, 162.

Byrd, William, letter of W. to, 20, 21.

Calvert, Nelly, 42.

Cambridge, W. takes command of army at, 65; W.'s headquarters at, 69.

Canada, and Wolfe's victory at Quebec, 28.

Canova, Antonio, statue of W. by, 148.

Capital, national, question of location of, 182-185.

Carlyle, Thomas, 17.

Carroll, Daniel, 161.

Cavour, Camillo, Count di, 30, 251.

Chamberlayne, Major, 33.

Charming, Edward, History of the U.S., 111 n.

Chantrey, Sir F.L., statue of W., 148.

Cherry-tree story, absurdity of, 2.

Cincinnati, Society of the, public feeling against, 159; W. resigns presidency of, 159.

Clark, Major, 10.

Clinton, George, Governor of New York, 136, 199.

Clinton, Sir Henry, succeeds Howe as Commander-in-Chief, 105; takes troops to New York, 106; was he responsible for bribing Arnold? 109, 110; W.'s criticism of, 118, 119; 93, 121, 123.

Clive, Robert, Lord, 28.

Clymer, George, 161.

Colonies, effect of Seven Years' War on, 29;
opposition to taxation in, 49 ff.;
at outbreak of war, 67;
diversity in origin and customs, 67, 68;
increasing urgency of demand for independence in, 75;
relations of, with England, in 1763, 47;
how affected by the Imperial Spirit, 47, 48;
in 1770, 53, 54;
at beginning of Revolution, 66;
lack of ardor for Independence, 84.

Committees of Correspondence, 57, 58.

Compromises of the Constitution. See Representation, Slave trade, Slavery.

Concord, Battle of, 64.

Congress of the U.S.:
First: W.'s first address to, 179;
votes to assume state debts and change location of capital, 182-185.
Fourth: Jay Treaty ratified by Senate, 210;
bill to carry out treaty provisions passed by House, 210-213.
Sixth: revives rank of Commander-in-Chief for W., 217;
and W.'s death, 251, 253, 254.

Connecticut, population of, in 1775, 68.

Constitution of the U.S., in the making, 164-168; promulgated, 168, 169; W.'s views of, 170, 171, 172; ratified by States, 173-175; opposition to, in N.Y. and Virginia, 174.

Constitutional Convention, call for, 158; first meeting of, 160; members of, 160-162; W. President of, 161, 163; proceedings of, secret, 163; divers questions discussed, 164-168, 169, 170.

Continental Congress:
First: members of, 59;
work of, 59-61;
adopts Declaration of Rights, 60;
importance of, as a symbol, 61.
Second: elects W. Commander-in-Chief, 64;
sectional intrigues in, 74;
W. quoted on, 75;
appoints committee to confer with Howe, 79;
and W.'s "doleful reports," 81;
removes to Baltimore, 85;
method of conducting the war, 90;
W.'s farewell reception by, and address to, 137-139;
post-war attitude of, toward the army, discussed, 141, 142;
powers of, limited by Articles of Confederation, 152, 153;
its weakness, 153;
lack of unanimity in, 155;
rejects Spanish treaty, 155;
orders first election under Constitution, 175.

Conway, Thomas, and the Cabal, 112, 113;
letters of, to W., 113; 96.

Conway Cabal, The, 112-114, 116, 117.

Cornwallis, Charles, Earl, surrenders at Yorktown, 123.

Cowpens, Battle of the, 122.

Craik, Dr. James, attends W. in his last illness, 243 ff.; 253.

Critical Period of American History, 151 ff.

Custis, Daniel P., 33, 34.

Custis, Eleanor, W.'s affection for, 233, 234.
And see Lewis, Eleanor (Custis).

Custis, George W P., 233, 247.

Custis, John Parke, W.'s step-son, 40-42; 104.

Custis, Mrs. Martha (Dandridge), widow of D.P. Custis, is courted by
W., 33, 34,
and marries him, 35.
And see Washington, Martha (Custis).

Custis, Martha, W.'s step-daughter, 40, 41.

Dandridge, Francis, letter of W. to, 51, 52.

Davis, Rev. Mr., 252, 253.

Deane, Silas, sent to enlist aid of France, 94; his unauthorized promises to Ducoudray, 95, and Lafayette, 99.

Declaration of Independence, 78, 191.

"Declaration of Rights," 60.

Delaware River, W.'s crossing of, 85, 86.

Democracy in the U.S., contrasted with earlier types, 178.

Democratic Party, 186.

Dent, Elizabeth, 31.

Dick, Dr., 245, 247, 248, 252.

Dickinson, John, 161.

Dinwiddie, Robert, sends W. on mission to French, 14; sends expedition under Fry to take Duquesne, 15; 16, 17, 18, 20, 21.

Dorchester, Guy Carleton, Lord, 208.

Dorchester Heights, occupied by Americans, 73.

Ducoudray, M., 95.

Election, first, under Constitution, 175, 176.

Ellsworth, Oliver. 161.

England, expeditions planned by, 19 ff.; effect of Chatham's administration on power and prestige of, 27, 28; relations with Colonies in 1763, 47; the Imperial Spirit in, 47 ff.; measures imposing taxation on Colonies, 49 ff.; division of opinion in, in 1770, 53, 54, 55; Hessians in service of, 76; effect of sea-power of, 84; plans for campaign of 1777, 90, 91; sends Commission to treat for peace, 109, 120; reconstruction of government in, after Yorktown, 130; and W.'s proclamation of neutrality (1789), 204; hatred of, in U.S., and the Jay Treaty, 208 ff.; threat of war with, 208, 209; and the U.S. in 1796 and 1914, 227, 228. And see Paris, Treaty of (1783).

England and France, rivalry between in North America, 12, 13; actually at war, 19; effect of Wolfe's victory at Quebec, 28; war between (1789), 193; difficulty in maintaining neutrality of U.S., 193 ff.

"Entangling alliances," authorship of the phrase, 227.

Estaing, Charles H, Count d', brings French fleet to America, 108.

Excise tax, on distilled spirits, 189; and the Whiskey Insurrection, 218.

Fairfax, Bryan, letter of W. to, 62, 63; 253.

Fairfax, Sally, 31.

Fairfax, Thomas, Lord, employs W. to survey his estate, 5; 7.

Farewell Address, the, 224 ff.; declarations of, how far applicable in 1914, 227, 228.

Fauchet, Joseph, 229.

Fauntleroy, Betsy, 30.

Fauquier, Francis, 35.

Federalist, The, 162.

Federalist Party, break-up of, 228; 186, 187.

Fitzsimmons, Thomas, 161.

Fort Duquesne, built by French, 13; unsuccessfully attacked by Braddock, 21 ff.; renamed Fort Pitt, 34, 255.

Fort Necessity, surrender of, 16, 17.

Fox, Charles James, 55.

France, steps toward alliance with, 94 ff.; effect of victory at Saratoga in, 99; treaty with, 99 and n.; results of alliance on American commerce and privateering, 108; sends fleet to America, 108; effect in England of alliance with, 119; and W.'s proclamation of neutrality, 204; effect of feeling of gratitude to, in U.S., 205; later relations with, 215, 216; and the U.S. in 1796 and 1914, 227, 228. And see England and France.

Franklin, Benjamin, on committee to confer with Howe, 79; on Peace Commission, 130; quoted, 173; 21, 155, 160, 161, 201, 236.

Frederick the Great, 259.

Freedom of speech, W. and, 222, 223.

Freemasons, at W.'s funeral, 253.

French, westward and southward progress of, 13; build Fort Duquesne, 13.

French Committee of Public Safety, Monroe's letter to, 216.

French and Indian War. See Seven Years' War.

French Revolution, reaction of, in U.S., 193 ff.

Freneau, Philip, and his National Gazette, encouraged by
Jefferson, 200, 201, 219, 220.

Fry, Colonel, 15.

Gage, Thomas, military and civil governor of Boston, 61; W. quoted on his conduct, 63; recalled, 72.

Gallatin, Albert, opposes Jay Treaty, 210, 211.

Gates, Horatio, Adjutant-General, 71; defeats Burgoyne at Saratoga, 92, 93; ambitious to supplant W., 114; 112.

Genêt, Edmond Charles, mission of, to U.S., 194 ff.; would appeal to people over government, 198,205; snubbed by Jefferson, 198; his recall requested, 199.

George II, 18.

George III, dismisses Pitt, 29; and the British Empire, 48; makes North Prime Minister, 54; effect of events of 1778 on, 119; and of the failure of the Commission on Reconciliation, 120; 60, 130, 153, 259.

Georgetown, proposed as seat of national capital, 184.

Georgia, only colony unrepresented in First Continental Congress, 59;
British victories in, 122; 165.

Gerry, Elbridge, on X.Y.Z. mission to France, 215; 161, 168, 169.

Giles, William B., and newspaper attacks on W., 219, 221.

Gist, Christopher, 14.

Gladstone, W.E., quoted, 173.

Gorham, Nathaniel, 161.

Great Britain. See England.

Great Meadows. See Fort Necessity.

Greene, Nathanael, commands in South, 122; 110, 162, 163, 258.

"Half-King, the." See Thanacarishon.

Hamilton, Alexander, influence of, ensures ratification of Constitution in N.Y., 174; Secretary of Treasury, 181, 228, 229; opposition to, 181, 182; favors "Assumption," 182,183; obtains Jefferson's support for compromise, 183, 184; his political status, 187; his protective tariff, 188; his measures tended to centralization, 189,192; quoted, on the French Revolution, 197, 198; W. seeks to keep peace between Jefferson and, 199, 200; attacked by Freneau, 200; attacks Jefferson in newspapers, 201; urges W. to accept second term, 201; and the Whiskey Insurrection, 218; and the Farewell Address, 224; 160, 167, 168, 180, 195, 208, 210, 217, 241, 258.

Hancock, John, President of Congress, 64;
letter of W. to, 80, 81;
Governor of Massachusetts, and W.'s visit to Boston, 189,
190; 64, 256.

Harlem, Heights of, army stationed on, 80.

Harrison, Benjamin, letter of W. to, 143.

Hay, Anthony, 53.

Henry, Patrick, quoted, 50; opposed to Constitution, 174; 59, 60, 162.

Herkimer, Nicholas, 92.

Hessians, in British army, 76; defeated at Trenton, 86.

Hortalaz et Cie, 94.

Houdon, Jean A., statue of W. 148.

House of Representatives, representation of States in, 167.

Howe, Richard, Lord, takes fleet to N.Y., 76; 72, 83.

Howe, Sir William, evacuates Boston, 72, 73; fruitless peace overtures of, 79; in Phila. (1777-78), 104, 105; succeeded by Clinton, 105; 74, 78, 87, 91.

Humphreys, Colonel, as Chamberlain at President's receptions, 180, 181.

Imperial Spirit, effect of, on relations between England and
Colonies, 47, 48;
revived by events of 1778, 119.

Independence Hall, Phila., 160.

Indians, surprise attack by, 21, 22; difficulties of W.'s administration with, 190, 191.

Ingersoll, Jared, 161.

Irving, Washington, Life of Washington, quoted, 181, 185, 186, 195. 217, 233.

Jackson, Robert, 24.

Jacobin Club, 193.

Jay, John, on Peace Commission, 130; concludes treaty with Spain, 155; appointed Chief Justice, 186; mission of, to England in 1794-95, 207; his character, 207; prejudice against, in U.S., 208; Secretary of State, 228; letters of W. to, 142, 157; 59, 162, 180, 258. And see Jay Treaty.

Jay Treaty, the, negotiated, 207, 208, 209;
opposition of Anti-Federalists to, 209;
ratified by Senate, 210;
violent struggle over, in House, 210-213;
how the controversy was settled, 213;
effect of, 214;
and the Federalist Party, 228.

Jefferson, Thomas, A Summary View, 60; Secretary of State, 181, 186, 192, 228, 229; interview with Hamilton on Assumption, etc., 183-185; most aggressive of Democrats, 187, 191; rivalry with Hamilton, 192; and the French Revolution, 193; and Citizen Genêt, 194, 195, 198; W. seeks to keep peace between Hamilton and, 199, 200; and Freneau's attacks on W., 200, 219, 220, 221; intrigues against Hamilton, 200, 201; urges W. to accept second term, 201, 202; resigns as Secretary of State, 206; 155, 160, 161, 162, 180, 181, 207, 227, 258.

Johnson, W.S., 168.

Joncaire, M., 14.

Jones, John Paul, 120, 121.

Jumonville, M. de, 15, 18.

Kalb, Baron Johann de, 95, 100.

King, Rufus, 161, 167, 168.

Knox, Henry, Secretary of War, 181, 229; letters of W. to, 170, 171, 203; 95, 123, 124, 136, 217, 231, 258.

Kosciuszko, Tadeusz, 95.

Lafayette, Gilbert Motier, Marquis de, joins W.'s staff, 99; and Charles Lee, at Monmouth, 115; letters of W. to, 143, 144, 145, 170, 171, 172; 110, 123.

Lansing, John, 161.

Laurens, Henry, letters of W. to, 101-103, 117, 118.

Lear, Tobias, secretary to W., 148;
quoted, 242;
his account of W.'s last hours, 243-249;
notes on W.'s funeral, 252, 253; 232, 241, 250.

Lee, Billy (slave), 238, 239.

Lee, Charles, appointed Major-General, 70, 71; at Monmouth, 106, 115; censured by W., 106, 115, 116; early career of, 114, 115; court-martialed, and leaves the army, 116; anecdote of, 116 n.; 65, 128.

Lee, Charles, Attorney-General, 229.

Lee, Henry, author of phrase, "First in war," etc., 251; letter of W. to, 221, 222.

Lee, Richard H., letters of W. to, 96, 147; 163.

Lewis, Mrs. Eleanor (Custis), 242.

Lewis, Lawrence, and Miss Custis, 232, 233; 247.

Lexington, Battle of, 63.

Lillo, George, George Barnwell, 10, 11.

Lincoln, Abraham, 149.

Lincoln, Benjamin, surrenders Charleston, S.C., 122; receives surrender of British at Yorktown, 125; 123.

Livingston, Robert R., 177.

Lodge, H.C., George Washington, quoted, 15, 17, 220, 235, 236.

Long Island, Battle of, 77, 78.

Louis XVI, execution of, 193; 94, 99.

Low-Land Beauty, the, 30.

Loyalists, in the Colonies, 61, 62; during and after the war, 127, 128.

McClellan, George B., 82.

McClurg, James, 162.

McHenry, James, Secretary of War, 229; letter of, to W., 217; 161, 231, 232.

McKean, Thomas, 59.

MacKenzie, Robert, letter of W. to, 63.

Machiavelli, Niccolo, The Prince, and W.'s Farewell
Address, 226.

Madison, James, opposes Jay Treaty, 210; and the Farewell Address, 224; letter of W. to, 158; 156, 159, 160, 161, 163, 165, 168, 194, 242.

Marie Antoinette, execution of, 193.

Marshall, John, Life of Washington, quoted, 28, 136, 137-139; on X.Y.Z. mission to France, 215; 47, 251, 258.

Mason, George, plan of association, 52, 53; letter to W. 56; letter of W. to, 56; 161, 168, 169.

Massachusetts, leads in opposing acts of British Crown, 49; charter of, suspended, 58, 59; population of, in 1775, 67, 68; and Virginia, jealousy between, 64; freed from British troops, 74.

Mather, W., The Young Man's Companion, 4.

Meil, Mrs., 30, 31.

Mifflin, Thomas, of the Conway Cabal, 116; 138, 139, 161.

Military dictatorship under W., fear of, 141, 142, 154.

Militia, W. quoted on, 81.

Miner, Rev. James, 252.

Mississippi River, Lower, closed to Americans by treaty with Spain, 155.

Moffatt, Rev. Mr., 252.

Monarchy, fears of reversion to, 142.

Monmouth, Battle of, 106.

Monongahela River, 13.

Monroe, James, Minister to France, recalled by W., 216; his letter to Committee of Public Safety, 116; 242.

Montcalm, Louis Joseph, Marquis de, 28.

Montgomery, Richard, at Quebec, 71, 72; 77.

Morgan, Daniel, 122.

Morris, Gouverneur, 161, 167, 168, 207.

Morris, Robert, letter to W., 88; 161.

Morris, Roger, 32, 80.

Morristown, winter quarters at, 89.

Mossum, Rev. Peter, 35.

Mount Vernon, inherited by Lawrence Washington, 5; hospitality of, 7, 45; W. manager of, 12; inherited by W., 33; a model plantation of Its kind, 39, 43, 44; W. returns to, after the war, 139; his life at, 146; his last days at, 232 ff.; his funeral at, 251-253.

Napoleon I, 218, 240.

National Gazette, 220, 222.

Neal, John, quoted, 3.

Neutrality, Proclamation of, gives offense to both England and
France, 204;
the only rational course, 205.

New England, manufacturing in, 68;
freed from British troops, 74.

New Jersey, 155.

New York City, W.'s headquarters at, 76; Howe's fleet arrives at, 76; loyalist sentiment in, 78, 79, 121; British troops return to, 105,106; W.'s farewell to officers at, 136, 137; W. inaugurated as President at, 176, 177; ceases to be national capital, 182 ff.

New York State, fails to choose electors in 1788, 175.

North, Frederick, Lord, Prime Minister, 54; his subservience to the King, 54, 55; retires after Yorktown, 130; 60, 61.

North Carolina, British victories in, 122.

Northwest, the, W.'s vision of development of, 144, 145.

Office-seekers, W. and, 180.

O'Hara, General, 125.

Ohio River, 13.

Oriskany, Battle of, 92.

Osgood, Samuel, 229.

Otis, James, 49.

Pall-holders at W.'s funeral, 252.

Paris, Treaty of (1763), 28, 29.

Paris, Treaty of (1783), 130, 131; W. quoted on, 131.

Parliament, passes and repeals Stamp Act, 49; lays duties on paper, tea, etc., 49; other irritating measures passed by, 53, 58; enacts penal laws, 58, 59.

"Parsons Cause, The," 50.

Parties, in W.'s first term, 186, 187.

Peale, Charles, portrait of W., 148, 150.

Peale, Rembrandt, portrait of W., 148.

Pearson, Captain, 120.

Pendleton, Edmund, 59.

Pennsylvania, population of, in 1775, 68; 58, 155.

Peter the Great, 259.

Philadelphia, non-importation agreement of merchants of, 52;
Continental Congresses meet at, 59, 64;
W. at, 75 ff.;
British troops at, in 1777-78, 104, 105;
W. takes possession of, 106;
to be national capital for ten years, 183, 185;
Genêt at, 196.

Philipse, Frederick, 31.

Philipse, Mary, 31, 32.

Pickering, Timothy, Cabinet offices held by, 228, 229; 231.

Pinckney, Charles, 162.

Pinckney, Charles C., on X.Y.Z. mission to France, 215, 216; 162,
165, 166, 217.

Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, effect of his accession to power,
27, 28;
dismissed by George III, 29;
his last appearance in the Lords, 119, and death, 120.

Pitt, William, the younger, 55, 62.

Pittsburgh, on site of Fort Duquesne, 34, 255.

Plassey, Buttle of, 48.

Portraits of W., 148, 149, 150.

President, discussion as to term and method of election of, 167, 168; W.'s view of office of, 178; W.'s example as preventive of third term for, 223, 224.

Press, the, virulence and indecency of, 219 ff.

Princeton, Battle of, 86, 87.

Privateering, effect of French Alliance on, 108, 120, 121.

Protective tariff, Hamilton's, 188.

Pulaski, Count Casimir, 95, 97.

Quebec, Battle of, 28, 48; abortive attack on, 71, 72; persistence in project of capturing, 77.

Quincy, Josiah, 49.

Rall, Colonel, 86.

Randolph, Edmund, Attorney-General, 181, 186, 229; Secretary of State, 206,228; his "Vindication," 229, 230; letter of W. to, 208, 209; 161, 169, 193.

Randolph, Peyton, 59.

Rawlins, Mr., 243, 253.

Reconciliation, Commission on, 109, 120.

Representation of States in Congress, question of, settled by compromise, 167.

Republicans, 186.

Revolutionary War. See American Revolution.

Robinson, Beverly, 31.

Robinson, Mr., Speaker of the House of Burgesses (Va.), quoted, 36.

Rochambeau, Jean B.D. de Vimeure, Count de, 122, 125.

Rockingham, Charles Wentworth, Marquis of, 130.

Rodney, George, Lord, 153.

Rutledge, Edward, on committee to confer with Howe, 79; 59.

Rutledge, John, 59, 162, 168.

St. Clair, General, 191.

St. Leger, Barry, 91.

Saratoga, Battle of, Burgoyne defeated in, 93; effect of, in France, 99.

Schuyler, Philip, 65.

Senate of U.S., representation of States in, 167.

Seven Years' War, 27 ff.; effect of, 29.

Shays, Daniel, 158.

Shays's Rebellion, causes of, 157,158.

Shelburne, William Petty, Earl of, 130.

Sherman, Roger, 59, 161, 168.

Shirley, William, 32.

Slave labor, W.'s view of, 38; 68.

Slave trade, question of, settled by compromise, 165, 166.

Slavery, why W. disapproved of, 38, 39, 238;
question of, settled by compromise, 164, 165.

Slaves, W.'s relations with, 38, 237-239;
number of, in Colonies, in 1775, 68.

South Carolina, population of, in 1775, 68;
British victories in, 122; 165.

Sparks, Jared, his Life of Washington, defects of, 3;
quoted, 113,116 and n., 146.

Spearing, Ann, 31.

Stamp Act, 49, 51, 52, 66.

Stark, John, defeats Burgoyne at Bennington, 92.

State debts, assumption of, by national government, how secured,
182-185;
favored by W., 188.

State rights, problem of, 167;
a fundamental subject of difference, 187.

States of the Confederation, W.'s farewell letter to governors of, 135; after the Revolution, 152, 156; their relations to one another, 152, 153; lack of coherence among, 154, 155; foreign relations of, ignominious, 155; delegates of, in Constitutional Convention, 160-162; ratification by, 175, 174. And see Paris, Treaty of (1783).

Statues of W., 148.

Steuben, Baron Frederick W. von, 95, 110, 111.

Stone, F.D., Struggle for the Delaware, quoted, 100, 101.

Strong, Caleb, 161, 168.

Stuart, Gilbert, portraits of W., 149.

Sulgrave, English home of Washington family, 1.

Sullivan, John, defeated on Long Island, 77.

Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles M. de, and the X.Y.Z. mission, 216.

Tariff, W.'s view of a, 189.

Tarleton, Sir Banastre, 122.

"Taxation without representation," 55, 57.

Thanacarishon, Seneca chief, quoted, on W. 14, 15.

Thomas, John, 71.

Ticonderoga, taken by Burgoyne, 91.

Tobacco-raising in Virginia, 39, 40.

Toner, J.M., The Daily Journal of George Washington, 11 n.

Trenton, Battle of, and its effect, 86, 87.

Trumbull, Jonathan, letter of W. to, 231.

Tryon, William, 79.

United States, debt of Confederation turned over to, 182; excitement in, over Citizen Genêt, 195 ff.; anomalous position of, between France and England, 205, 206; the first country in which free speech existed, 222; effect of W.'s example on world's opinion of, 259.

United States Bank, 189.

Valley Forge, American army in winter quarters at, 100 ff., 118.

Van Braam, Jacob, 14.

Vergennes, Charles Gravier, Count de, favors cause of the Colonies, 94; secures coöperation of Spain, 99; 142.

Vernon, Edward, Admiral, 5, 9.

Victoria, Queen, 153.

Virginia, effect in, of Braddock's defeat, 24, 25; in the 1750's, 44, 45; fox-hunting and horse-racing, 45,46; opposition in, to acts of the Crown, 50, 51; state of opinion in, 55, 56; population of, in 1775, 67, 68; jealousy between Mass, and, 64; 164, 166.

Virginia House of Burgesses, W. a member of, 36, 37; adopts Mason's plan of association, 53.

Walpole, Horace, 18.

Washington, Augustine, W.'s father, marries Mary Ball, 1.

Washington, George, ancestry, 1; birth, 1, 2; childhood and education, 2; errors of Weems's biography, 2, 3; absurdity of the cherry-tree story, 2; Sparks's ill-advised editing of letters of, 3, 4; and Mather's Young Man's Companion, 4; surveys Fairfax estate, 5; results of his experience as surveyor, 5; his journals, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 37, 38, 39, 169; his disposition, 7, 8; attention, to dress, 8, 9; declines appointment as midshipman, 9; commissioned major of militia, 9; visit to Barbados, 9, 10; as manager of Mt. Vernon, 12; sent by Dinwiddie on mission of warning to French, 14; and the "Half-King," 14, 15; second in command of Fry's expedition, 15_ff_.; was he a "silent man"? 17, 18; a volunteer on Braddock's expedition, 20, 21; his account of the defeat, 22, 23; his conduct in the battle, 23; moral results of his campaigning, 25, 26; his early love-affairs, 30, 31; and Mary Philipse, 31, 32; his physique, 32, 69; a sound thinker, 33, 70; inherits Mt. Vernon, 33; courts and marries Mrs. Custis, 33, 34, 35; in House of Burgesses, 36, 37; as an agriculturist, 37 ff.; his views on slave labor, 38, and slavery, 38, 39, 238; relations with his slaves, 38, 237-239; and his step-children, 40-42; by nature a man of business, 42, 43; improves his education, 43, 44; as a country gentleman, 44_ff_.; the hospitality of Mt. Vernon, 45.

His view of the Stamp Act and other measures of the British Government, 51, 52; a loyal American, 52; signs Mason's plan of association, 53; no doubt as to his position, 55, 56, 57; offers to raise 1000 men at his own expense, 57; in first Continental Congress, 59, 60; his mind made up, 62, 63; chosen Commander-in-chief of Continental forces, 64, 65; takes command at Cambridge, 65, 69; plans to blockade Boston, 69; jealousy among his officers, 70, 71; and military amateurs, 71; opposes expedition against Canada, 71; whips his army into shape, 72; appeals for supply of powder, 72; forces evacuation of Boston, 73; moves troops to New York, 74; before Congress in Phila., 74, 75; his opinion of Congress, 75; retreats from Long Island after Sullivan's defeat, 77, 78; inadequacy of his resources, 78; moves army to Heights of Harlem, 80; on the evils of American military system, 80, 81; his troops not discouraged by his frankness, 82; on the difficulty of his position, 82, 83; his movements after battle of White Plains, 83 ff.; crosses the Delaware and wins battles of Trenton and Princeton, 86; a Necessary Man, 87; his fearlessness of danger, 87, 88; his movements impeded by dependence on Congress, 90, 118, 119; his miscellaneous labors, 95 ff.; his circular on looting by his troops, 97, 98; on the maltreatment of American prisoners, 98; takes Lafayette on his staff, 99; chooses Valley Forge for winter quarters, 100; describes its horrors, 101-103; enters Phila. on the heels of the British, 106; censures Charles Lee at Monmouth, 106; the uneventful summer and autumn of 1778, 109; refuses to commute André's sentence, 111; jealous ambitions of his associates: the Conway Cabal, 111 ff.; and Gates, 114; and C. Lee, 114-116, 116_n_.; on the intrigues of his enemies, 117, 118; difficulties of his position, 118; forced inactivity of, 121; marches South to Virginia, 123; lays siege to Yorktown, and forces Cornwallis to surrender, 122-125; the country unanimous in giving him credit for the final victory 128, 129.

His view of the problems to be solved after the peace, 131; urges payment of troops in full, 131-133, 134; and the plan to make him king, 134, 135; his letter to governors of States, 135; his farewell to his officers, 136, 137; his reception by, and address to, Congress, 137-139; returns to Mt. Vernon, 139; his life there, described, 140, 141, 143, 144, 146, 147; fears of military dictatorship under, 141, 142; his vision of the development of the Northwest 144, 145; declines all gifts and pay for his services, 146; his correspondence, 147, 148; fears further trouble with England, 153; his pessimism over the outlook for the future, 156, 157; reluctantly consents to sit in Constitutional Convention, 158, 159; and the Society of the Cincinnati, 159; President of the Convention, 163, 164, 168, 169, 170; his view of the Constitution, 170 ff.; unanimously elected first President of the U.S., 175; the journey to New York and inauguration, 176, 177.

His receptions as President, 178, 179, 180, 181; his inaugural address, 179; dealings with office-seekers, 180; his first Cabinet, 181, 186; serious illness of, 185, 186; appoints Justices of Supreme Court, 186; a Federalist, 187, 199, 215; favors Assumption, 187, 188; his tariff views, 189; his visit to Boston, 189, 190; sends expeditions against Indians, 191; approves Hamilton's centralizing measures, 192; determined to maintain neutrality as between France and England, 193; deals firmly with Genêt, 198; open criticism of, 199, 200, 201, 219 ff.; his sympathies generally with Hamilton against Jefferson, 199; effect on, of newspaper abuse, 201, 223; disinclined to serve second term, 201; reëlected, 202, 203, 204; issues Proclamation of Neutrality, 204; its effect, 204, 205; appoints Randolph to succeed Jefferson, 206; and the Jay Treaty, 207 ff.; sends C.C. Pinckney to replace Monroe in Paris, 215; why he recalled Monroe, 215, 216; consents to act as Commander-in-Chief in 1799, 217, 240; puts down Whiskey Insurrection, 218, 219; favors maintenance of free speech, 222; declines to consider a third term, 223; effect in later years of the precedent set by him, 223, 224; his "Farewell Address," 224-227; what would he have done in 1914? 228; changes in his Cabinet, 228, 229; and the charges against Randolph, 229, 230.

Again in retirement at Mt. Vernon, 231 ff.;
and Nelly Custis, 233;
his career reviewed, 234, 254-260;
Bernard quoted on, 234-236;
his detractors, 236, 237;
his religious beliefs, 239, 240;
declines all public undertakings, 240;
his last illness, 241 ff.;
the last hours described by T. Lear, 243-249;
his death, 249;
action of Congress and President Adams, 251;
his funeral at Mt. Vernon, 252, 253;
project for memorial of, abandoned, 254;
his rank as a soldier, 256, 257;
as President, 258;
the most actual statesman of his time, 258;
his example made the world change its mind about republics, 259.

Portraits and statues of, 148-150.

Letters (quoted in whole or in part) to John Adams, 217;
Theodorick Bland, 131;
Rev. Mr. Boucher, 41;
William Byrd, 20;
Thomas Conway, 112;
Francis Dandridge, 51;
Robert Dinwiddie, 17, 22;
Bryan Fairfax, 62;
John Hancock, 9;
Benjamin Harrison, 143;
Sir W. Howe, 98;
Robert Jackson, 24;
John Jay, 142, 157;
Thomas Jefferson, 221;
Henry Knox, 170;
Marquis de Lafayette, 143, 145, 170, 171;
Henry Laurens, 101, 117;
Henry Lee, 203, 221;
Richard H. Lee, 96, 147;
Robert Mackenzie, 63;
George Mason, 56;
Gouverneur Morris, 207;
Edmund Randolph, 208;
Jonathan Trumbull, 231;
John Augustine Washington, 23, 75, 85;
Lund Washington, 82;
Martha (Custis) Washington, 34;
Mary Ball Washington, 24.

Washington, John, W.'s great-grandfather settles in Virginia, 1.

Washington, John Augustine, W.'s brother, letters of W. to, 75, 85; 1, 11, 23.

Washington, Lawrence,W.'s half-brother, inherits Mount Vernon, 5; W.'s guardian, 5; marries Lord Fairfax's daughter, 5; visits Barbados with W., 9-11; his death, 11, 12; 7, 33.

Washington, Lund, letter of W. to, 82, 83.

Washington, Mrs. Martha (Custis), quoted, 104; and W.'s last illness, 243 ff.; letter of, to President Adams, 254; buried at Mount Vernon, 254; 9, 38, 41, 43, 45, 252, 253.

Washington, Mrs. Mary (Ball), W.'s mother, 2, 9, 24.

Washington, Mildred, W.'s niece, W. guardian of, 12; her death, 12.

Washington family, the, 1.

Wayne, Anthony, 191.

Webster, Daniel, quoted, 188; 211.

Webster, Peletiah, 156.

Weems, Rev. Mason L., his Life of Washington, discredited, 2, 3.

West Point, surrendered by Arnold, 110.

Whigs, in Parliament, favor Colonies, 54, 62.

Whiskey Insurrection, the, 218, 219.

White House (Custis estate), 34, 35, 36.

White Plains, Battle of, 83.

Wilson, James, 161.

Wister, Owen, 30 n.

Wolcott, Oliver, Jr., 228, 229.

Wolfe, James, 28, 105.

Wythe, George, 161.

X.Y.Z. mission to France, 215, 216.

Yates, Robert, 161.

Yorktown, Cornwallis surrenders at, 123 ff.; the war really ended at, 126; effect in England, 130.

End of Project Gutenberg's George Washington, by William Roscoe Thayer