CONTENTS

I.[IMPERIALISM AND THE CITY-STATE]
I. DEFINITIONS[1]-5
1. Of empire, [1].
2. Of emperor, [3].
3. Of imperialism, [4].
II. THE CITY-STATE[6]-19
1. Its origin, [6].
2. Its characteristics, [9].
a. Fusion of agricultural, trading, industrial, andcommercial classes, [9].
b. Theory of common descent of citizens, [13].
c. So-called worship of the dead, [14].
d. Educative power of the laws, [16].
e. Municipality and nation in one, [17].
III. MEANS OF OBSCURING IMPERIALISM[19]-25
1. Symmachia the basis of the Peloponnesian league, [20].
a. Support of oligarchies, [21].
2. Stasis, or civil war, [22].
3. Symmachia the basis of the Athenian empire, [23].
a. Support of democracies, [23].
b. Maintenance of the union, [24].
IV. FAILURE OF HEGEMONIES[25]-30
1. The idea of proportionate representation, [27].
V. MEANS OF EVADING IMPERIALISM[30]-34
1. Grant of Polity, or citizenship, [30].
2. Grant of Isopolity, or reciprocity of citizenship, [31].
3. Grant of Sympolity, or joint citizenship, [32].
VI. MEANS OF JUSTIFYING IMPERIALISM[34]-37
1. Deification of kings, [35].
II.[ATHENS: AN IMPERIAL DEMOCRACY]
I. ORIGIN OF THE IMPERIAL DEMOCRACY[38]-41
1. Themistocles, [39].
2. Pericles, [41].
II. SIZE AND POPULATION OF ATHENS AND ITSEMPIRE[42]-43
III. THE FUNERAL ORATION: THE IDEALS OFPERICLEAN DEMOCRACY[43]-48
IV. THE INSTITUTIONS OF DEMOCRACY[49]-65
1. Ecclesia and heliæa; their conjoined activity, [49].
2. The council of the 500 and the committees of magistrates,[51].
a. The ten prytanies, [52].
b. Election by lot; annual tenure of office; rotation,[52], [53], [55].
3. The ecclesia an assembly of high-class amateurs, [57].
a. Its use of experts, [58].
b. Its choice of a leader: ostracism, [60].
4. The economic basis of democracy, [61].
a. The place of slavery: simply a form of capital, [61].
b. The object of indemnities: political equality, [64].
V. THE EMPIRE[65]-78
1. The advantages of sea power, [66].
2. The demands of the fleet, [68].
3. The complaints made against Athens, [70].
a. Misuse of tribute money, [71].
b. Misuse of judicial authority, [72].
c. Seizure of land in subject territory, [73].
d. Extirpation of the best, [74].
4. The destruction of the empire, [75].
III.[FROM SPARTA TO ARISTOTLE]
I. SPARTA IN HISTORY[79]-97
1. Crushing of early Spartan culture, [81].
2. The military life of the Spartans, [84].
3. The effect of the Periœc ring-wall, [85], [88].
a. The Peloponnesian league: 550-370 B.C., [88].
b. The Hellenic league: 405-395 B.C., [89].
4. The hollowness of the Spartan hegemony, [90]-95.
a. Cinadon, [91].
5. The age of reaction, [96], [97].
a. Urban particularism, [96].
b. The ancestral constitution, [96].
II. SPARTA AND ATHENS IN POLITICAL THEORY[97]-114
1. Plato, [99]-107.
a. Neglect of History, [99].
b. Plato's hatred of democracy, [102].
c. His idealization of Sparta, [107].
2. Aristotle, [107]-114.
a. Relation to history, [108].
b. Aristotle's hatred of imperialism, [110], [113].
c. Comparison of his Politics with the Prince ofMachiavelli, [111].
d. Aristotle's failure to let "strength" operate ininternational politics, [114].
IV.[ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND WORLD-MONARCHY]
I. IDEAS RECEIVED BY ALEXANDER FROM HISPARENTS AND HIS TUTOR[116]-123
a. Alexander and Philip, [116].
b. Alexander and Aristotle, [119], [135], [147].
II. ACTS BY WHICH ALEXANDER DISCLOSEDHIS POLICIES[123]-148
1. The destruction of Thebes, [123].
2. The visit to Troy, [124].
3. The Gordian knot, [125].
4. The visit to the oasis of Siwah, [126], [139].
5. The burning of the palace of the Persian kings, [129].
6. The discharge of the Greek contingents, [130].
7. Proskynesis, [131].
8. The great marriage at Susa, [136].
9. The proskynesis of the city-states, [147].
V.[THE PTOLEMAIC DYNASTY]
I. HISTORY OF THE PTOLEMIES[149]-160
1. Third period of Ptolemaic history: 80-30 B.C., [151].
a. Ptolemy the Piper, [152].
b. Cleopatra the Great, [152].
2. First period of Ptolemaic history: 323-203 B.C., [155].
a. Ptolemy I. Soter: 323-283 B.C., [150], [155].
b. Ptolemy II. Philadelphus: 285-246 B.C., [156].
c. Ptolemy III. Euergetes: 246-222 B.C., [159], [179].
d. Ptolemy IV. Philopator: 222-203 B.C., [160], [179].
II. EMPIRE OF THE PTOLEMIES[160]-182
1. Grounds of the imperial policy of the early Ptolemies,[160].
a. Pride of possession, [160].
b. Checkmating enemies, [161].
c. Commercial advantages, [161].
d. Domestic policy, [162].
2. Triple theory of Ptolemaic state, [162].
a. For Egyptians, [162].
b. For Greek city-states, [163].
c. For Macedonians, [166].
3. The Ptolemaic army, [167].
a. Origin, [168].
b. Distribution of, in Egypt, [172].
c. Influence of, upon natives, [176].
d. Becomes immobile, 242-222 B.C., [179].
e. Opened to Egyptians, [180].
4. Second or domestic period of Ptolemaic history,200-80 B.C., [180].
a. Absorption of Greek by native population, [181].
VI.[THE SELEUCID EMPIRE]
I. HISTORY OF THE SELEUCIDS[183]-194
1. Antigonus the One-eyed, creator of the realm, [183].
2. Century and a half of progress, [184]-190.
a. Seleucus I: 312-281 B.C., [184].
b. Antiochus I, Soter: 281-262 B.C., [185].
c. Antiochus II, Theos: 262-246 B.C., [185].
d. Seleucus II, Callinicus: 246-226 B.C., [186].
e. Seleucus III, Soter: 226-223 B.C., [186]
f. Antiochus III, The Great: 223-187 B.C., [187].
g. Seleucus IV: 187-175 B.C.,[188]
h. Antiochus IV, The God Manifest: 175-164 B.C.,[190], 213.
3. Century of decline: 164-163 B.C., [190].
4. External agents of destruction, [190].
a. Rome disarms Seleucids, incites revolt, andkeeps alive dynastic struggles, [190].
b. Indo-Scythians (Yue Tchi) occupy East Iran,[192].
5. Internal agencies: revolt of Jews, Parthians, Armenians,[191], [192].
II. POLICY AND PROBLEMS OF THE SELEUCIDS[195]-214
1. Seleucus I, heir of Alexander's ideas, [195].
2. Founding of city-states, [196].
3. Priestly communities and feudal states, how treated,[197].
4. Royal villages, how managed, [203], [205].
5. Land either property of king or of city-states, [204].
6. City-states, how far they Hellenized Asia, [206].
7. Relations of king to city-states, [208].
8. Comparison of Syria and Italy, [210].
9. Policy of Antiochus IV: conflict with Jews; submissionto Rome, [212].
VII.[THE EMPIRE OF THE ANTIGONIDS]
I. RELATION OF MACEDON TO HELLAS[215]
II. MACEDONIAN CONTRIBUTION TO ROME[215]-216
1. War, [215].
2. Government—a constitutional and not an absolutemonarchy, [216].
3. Culture, [216].
III. MACEDONIAN OPPOSITION TO ROME[217]-218
IV. EARLY HISTORY OF THE ANTIGONIDS[218]-222
1. Antigonus I—the exponent of unity in Græco-Macedonianworld, [218].
2. Demetrius Poliorcetes—the adventurer, [219].
3. Antigonus and Demetrius not really kings of Macedon,[220].
V. ANTIGONUS GONATAS[222]-234
1. Training got in Greece and Macedon, [222].
2. Peace with Asia and Egypt, [223].
3. Protected Greece from northern barbarians, [224].
a. Inroad of Pyrrhus, [223].
4. Governs Greece by "tyrannies," [224].
5. Stoic justification of "tyranny," [225].
6. Ptolemy Philadelphus opposes Antigonus in Greece,[226].
7. Rise of the ethne, [228].
8. Struggle with Egypt for sea power, [229].
a. Aratus seizes Sicyon: Alexander rebels, [230].
b. The Laodicean War saves Antigonus, [231].
c. Possessions of Antigonus at end of struggle,[233].
VI. POSITION OF ACHÆA, ÆTOLIA, AND EGYPTAT THE END OF STRUGGLE[234]
VII. THE FEDERAL MOVEMENT[235]-240
1. Ethne become leagues, [236].
2. The city-state the federal unit, [237].
3. The league lacks an hegemon, [238].
4. Monarchical traits, [239].
5. Relation of federal to local authorities, [239].
VIII. DEMETRIUS II[240]-241
1. War with Achæans and Ætolians, [241].
IX. FALL OF THE ACHÆAN LEAGUE[241]-242
1. Treachery of the Ætolians, [241].
2. Desertion of Egypt, [242].
3. Policy of Antigonus Doson, [242].
4. Cleomenes of Sparta, [242].
X. THE HELLENIC LEAGUE OF ANTIGONUSDOSON[242]-245
1. Leagues, not cities, the units, [243].
2. Macedon a unit, [243].
3. League assemblies recognized as sovereign authorities,[244].
4. Military weakness, [244].
XI. PHILIP IV AND THE LEAGUE[245]-248
1. The Social War, [246].
2. The Roman peril: speech of Agelaus of Naupactus,[246].
3. End of Hellenic independence, [248].