Magna Carta: A Commentary on the Great Charter of King John / With an Historical Introduction

by William Sharp McKechnie

INDEX.

• Abbeys, [505-7], [526].
• Advowson, [325], [506]. (See also [Presentment].)
• Agistors, [488].
• Aids (feudal), [72], [80-2], [275], [276-7], [292], [301-6], [308].
• Aids (general), [277-81].
• Alexander II. (King of Scots), [252], [537], [541-3].
• Aliens. (See [Foreigners].)
• Allegiance, [474], [477-8].
• Amercements, [88], [141], [334-351], [530-3].
• Anglo-Saxon period, [5], [7], [9].
• Anselm, [21], [226], [239], [249].
• Anson, Sir William R., [127 n.], [292 n.], [298 n.]
• Appeal (to a higher court), [10], [14].
• Appeal (or accusation), [108], [160], [161], [371], [418], [425-7], [527-30].
• Arbitrary imprisonment. (See [Imprisonment].)
• Aristotle, [6].
• Arthur (John’s nephew), [219], [243], [516], [540 n.]
• Articles of the Barons, [39], [44-5], [143], [151], [171], [200-2], [223], [230], [232], [252], [277], [279], [292], [332], [350], [355], [363], [436], [438], [443], [444], [452], [524], [526], [531], [535-6], [549], [561];
  • text of, [570].
• Ashford v. Thornton, [426-7].
• Assize (different meanings of), [320 n.]
• Assize of Arms, [15].
• Assize of Clarendon, [14], [74], [107], [160], [293 n.], [397-8], [399], [431], [432], [436].
• Assize of Measures, [371], [414-7].
• Assize of Northampton, [107], [160], [243], [319 n.], [324], [327 n.], [370], [397].
• Assize of Wine, [415-7].
• Assize of Woodstock, [337 n.], [483], [484], [487], [496], [497 n.], [498], [499].
• Assize (Grand), [109], [162], [321-3], [324], [325], [406], [407-8], [411], [412].
• Assizes (Petty), [109], [111], [162-3], [176], [317-33], [407], [412].
  • (See also Justice of Assize.)
• Attainder, [74], [401].

• Bailiffs, [358], [372], [376], [385], [392], [393], [430], [431], [432 n.], [435], [467], [502].
• Barons, (legal position of), [103], [152], [229], [232], [236], [293], [295-7], [346-9], [474].
• Barons (John’s and Henry’s)—
  • their motives, [59], [64], [139-140], [140 n.], [143], [469-70], [534], [543-5];
  • their grievances, [58-112], [229], [262-3], [307], [492], [495], [503-4], [507];
  • their policy, [62], [82-3], [107], [111], [144], [148], [165], [173], [452];
  • their various factions, [220-1].
• Barons’ War (against Henry III.), [147], [168], [471].
• Barony, [76], [232], [235-6].
  • (See also Honour.)
• Barrington (Hon. Daines), [209], [245 n.], [256-7].
• Bateson, Miss Mary, [68-9], [285 n.]
• Battle. (See Trial by combat.)
• Becket (Thomas à), [15], [224], [225], [294].
• Bémont, Charles, [207], [210-1], [565 n.]
• Bench. (See [King’s Bench] and [Common Pleas].)
• Benefit of clergy. (See [Clergy].)
• Bigelow, M. M., [316 n.], [408], [430 n.], [438 n.], [441 n.]
• Bishops, [366], [379], [382], [498], [515 n.];
  • as holders of baronies, [22], [76], [83], [238], [248], [294];
  • election of, [22], [23], [166], [226-7], [251-2];
  • Crown’s wardship over, [76], [117], [121], [224], [225], [249], [250], [506];
  • pay scutage, [87];
  • no relief, [238-9], [249].
• Blackstone, Sir William, [47], [50 n.], [53], [58], [65], [72 n.], [78], [89], [130], [134], [169 n.], [171], [175 n.], [179 n.], [182 n.], [197], [198], [199], [201], [206], [209], [248 n.], [259 n.], [319 n.], [328 n.], [386 n.], [403 n.], [419], [437 n.], [448 n.], [502], [551 n.]
• Blench tenure in Scotland, [69 n.]
• Bloodfeud, [334-5], [418].
• Boroughs, [277-80], [284], [291], [376], [415], [468-9];
  • privileges of, [26], [284], [415], [468];
  • obligations of, [376].
• Bot, [335].
• Boutmy, Émile, [120].
• Bouvines (Battle of), [37].
• Bracton, [80 n.], [244], [253], [259 n.], [272], [345], [348], [383], [396 n.], [399], [418 n.], [422], [481 n.], [527 n.], [529].
• Bréauté, Falkes de, [176], [521], [522].
• Bridges, obligation to repair, [352-8].
• Briwere, William, [181], [184].
• Burgage tenure, [69-70], [76], [427-9].
• Burgess, [136], [252].
  • (See also [Merchant].)
• Burke, Edmund, [156 n.]

• Canonical election, [22-3], [28], [39], [506]. (See also [Bishops].)
• Capitulary of Kiersey, [73].
• Carta de foresta. (See [Forest].)
• Cartae (of 1166), [15].
• Castellans. (See [Constables].)
• Castles, private, [10], [176], [179], [258], [516], [523], [560].
• Castles, royal, [176], [268-9], [390-1], [393].
• Central government, problem of, [16-20].
• Champions, in duel, [527];
  • king’s, [68].
• Chancery, [16], [108], [401];
  • Court of, [312], [476-7].
• Charter, John’s Great:
  • date when sealed, [48], [564 n.];
  • its prototypes, [113-23];
  • historical antecedents, [4-5], [7], [58-112], [123], [210-1];
  • historical sequel to, [164-93];
  • its form, [123-9], [182];
  • its contents and characteristics, [129-44];
  • how far a baronial manifesto, [133-9];
  • its value, [144-50];
  • its defects, [150-4], [186], [187], [413], [504], [554-61];
  • its traditional interpretations, [154-63], [437];
  • how far declaratory, [130-2], [364-5], [405];
  • its relations to Henry II.’s, reforms, [123], [130], [131-2], [318], [320-8], [363], [398], [439], [449];
  • how far reactionary, [132-3], [406], [409], [413], [449];
  • its practical nature, [144], [153 n.], [437];
  • its attitude towards Church and clergy, [139], [222-7], [250], [474-7], [506];
  • towards boroughs and traders, [50], [140], [277-81], [284-91], [463-73];
  • towards tenants of mesne lords, [139-40], [301-6], [410-1], [478-81], [543-5];
  • towards lower classes, [133-5], [141], [508-9];
  • towards villeins, [133], [141-3];
  • its sanction, [137-8], [150-1], [152-3], [165], [187], [193], [547-61];
  • variations from Articles of Barons, [50], [139], [140], [151], [223], [252], [277], [279], [292], [332-3], [350], [363], [436], [512], [524], [526], [536-7];
  • exaggerated estimates of, [144], [146], [149], [155-7], [275], [292], [437];
  • manuscripts of, [194-200];
  • restored by Prince Louis, [194-200].
  • (See also Table of Contents.)
• Charter, Henry III.’s first reissue (1216), [57], [165], [227], [382 n.], [388], [392], [405], [432], [506];
  • its additions, [240-1], [250], [252], [258], [264], [290], [470], [506];
  • its omissions, [166-9], [270], [274], [351], [355], [385], [474], [500], [504], [508];
  • its respiting clause, [168-9], [172], [355 n.], [508], [514];
  • on wardship, [240-1], [248], [250], [506];
  • on rights of Church and clergy, [250], [351], [474];
  • on marriage, [252];
  • on quarantine, [258];
  • on debtors, [264], [382 n.];
  • on Jews, [270], [274];
  • on aids and scutages, [276], [283], [301], [304], [305];
  • on merchants, [470].
• Charter, Henry III.’s second reissue (1217), [142], [151], [388], [391], [392], [410 n.], [514], [545];
  • its omissions, [151], [175], [382 n.];
  • its additions, [142], [172-179], [355-6], [391], [432-3], [444], [448], [480], [506], [545];
  • its reactionary side, [173-4], [177];
  • on widows’ rights, [255], [258], [382 n.];
  • on scutages, [172-3], [276], [283-4], [300];
  • on petty assizes, [326], [327], [327-8], [333];
  • on villeins, [343], [448], [449 n.];
  • on clergy, [351];
  • text of, [580].
• Charter, Henry III.’s third reissue (1225), [168 n.], [181], [183], [184], [228], [364], [410 n.], [506 n.], [508], [509];
  • its additions, [181-2], [228-9], [382 n.];
  • marks final form of Magna Carta, [183], [206];
  • its price, [182], [228-9].
• Charter of Liberties of Henry I., [35], [58], [115-8], [219], [230], [239], [242-3], [336 n.], [337], [385 n.], [494], [544];
  • the model of Magna Carta, [35], [39], [58], [113], [123];
  • its tenor, [117-8], [242-3], [494];
  • on marriage, [253], [261];
  • on wardships, [242-3], [249], [250];
  • text of, [565].
• Charter of Henry II., [121-2];
  • text of, [568].
• Charter of Stephen, [77 n.], [119], [120], [219], [385 n.], [494 n.];
  • text of, [567].
• Charter of Liberties (the so-called “unknown charter”). (See [Schedule of Grievances].)
• Chase, [492].
• Chatham, Lord, [133].
• Chattels, [262-4], [271], [377], [385], [444 n.];
  • of felons’, [371], [384 n.], [395-9];
  • of intestates, [166], [383-4], [385 n.]
• Church, (English), Henry II.’s struggle with, [15];
  • relations to State, [20], [23], [27], [226], [379];
  • relations to Rome, [20], [21], [27], [167 n.], [227], [228 n.], [474];
  • freedom of, [22-23], [50], [117], [120], [138], [166], [217], [222-5], [564-5];
  • national character of, [21], [224 n.];
  • question of investitures, [21-2];
  • canonical election (see [Bishops]);
  • influence of[c_601.18'>of] church on Charter, [50], [145], [223], [382-4], [474];
  • relations to Crown, [116], [220], [227], [474];
  • relations to John, [61], [62], [139];
  • relations to barons, [62];
  • relations to lower classes, [61-2];
  • its wealth, [178-9], [379].
  • (See also [Clergy].)
• Clergy, [167 n.], [349-51], [417], [474];
  • Benefit of, [23], [121], [122], [138], [139], [224], [253 n.], [515 n.]
• Cnut, [7], [17], [18], [484].
• Coinage, private, [10].
• Coke, Sir Edward (Chief Justice), [66], [70 n.], [79 n.], [133], [141], [156], [157], [183], [208], [211], [221], [236], [241 n.], [246 n.], [252 n.], [256], [259], [329 n.] [338 n.], [345], [364 n.], [370 n.], [371 n.], [396], [401], [406 n.], [410 n.], [442], [445], [447], [448], [463], [476], [530], [544];
  • his unhistorical method, [208], [447].
• Combat. (See [Trial by combat].)
• Comitatus, [238 n.], [317 n.]
  • (See [Shire], [Shire Court], and also [Earldom].)
• Commissions of Justices, [329-331].
• Committee of Executors. (See [Executors].)
• Common Law, [433 n.];
  • growth of, [15].
• Common Pleas, [109], [111], [308-17];
  • Court of, [14], [109], [177], [311-5].
• Commons (House of), [156 n.], [191], [554].
• Commune Concilium, [81], [82], [110], [124], [150], [166], [167], [173], [188], [190], [274-284], [291-301], [348], [450 n.], [453], [557];
  • functions of, [151-2], [174], [192], [298-300], [557];
  • composition of, [293-8].
• Commune, [138], [286-9], [553-4].
• Commune of London. (See [London].)
• Compurgation, [103], [104], [432].
• Confirmatio Cartarum, [85], [185], [281].
• Constables, [269], [270], [358], [368-70], [387-8], [390-1], [456 n.], [486 n.], [502-5].
• Constitutional development in England, [3], [60], [143-4], [173], [188], [192], [556].
• Constitutions of Clarendon, [23], [225], [238 n.], [248], [350 n.], [474].
• Contenement, [334], [339], [345-6], [347].
• Conviction, [391-401], [415].
• Coronation, [119], [218], [220];
  • oath, [114], [115], [116], [122], [131].
• Coroner, [20], [358], [362], [370-2], [415 n.]
• Copyhold, [65].
• Cotton, Sir Robert, [195], [196-7].
• Council of St. Alban’s (1213), [34], [123], [365], [503].
• Council of Oxford (1213), [36].
• Councils, Lateran. (See [Lateran].)
• County, [18], [366], [368], [372-5], [431].
  • (See also [Firma Comitatus].)
• County Court, [13], [94], [99], [103], [177], [261], [319], [331-2];
  • to appoint twelve Knights to reform abuses, [51], [511], [513];
  • to appoint Knights for assizes, [327-8].
• Courts, three rival systems of, [94-112].
• Courts, Christian, [121], [379], [384-5].
• Courts, local, [94], [99], [106].
  • (See also [County] and [Hundred].)
• Courts, private, [60], [64], [95-7].
• Courts, royal, [14], [93-112], [308-9], [319].
  • (See [Curia Regis], [Chancery], [Common Pleas], Exchequer, King’s Bench.)
• Creasy, Sir Edward, [133-4], [212], [437 n.], [446 n.]
• Creditors, [262-6], [271], [273-4], [316-7].
  • (See also [Jews].)
• Criminal Law, [107-8], [334-7], [360], [361-3], [398-401], [420-7], [446], [453-5].
  • (See also [Pleas of the Crown].)
• Crown: relation to feudatories, [10];
  • title to, [9], [113], [217], [219].
  • (See also [Pleas of the Crown].)
• Crusaders, [523-6], [535].
• Curia Regis, [13], [14], [63], [71], [97], [106], [109], [115], [190], [191], [219], [220], [294], [309], [311], [451].
• Customs, [445], [465], [468-9], [512], [543].
• Cygony, Engelard de, [486 n.], [503], [518-21].

• Darrein presentment. (See [Presentment].)
• David I., King of Scots, [538].
• Debtors, [262-6], [269], [271], [273-4], [316-7], [376-8].
• Dialogus de Scaccario, [75], [136], [231 n.], [232 n.], [240], [263 n.], [264 n.], [295 n.], [303 n.], [338 n.], [384 n.], [480 n.]
• Dicey (Prof. A. V.), [148].
• Disparagement, [250-2], [541].
• Disseisin, [142], [323], [324], [444], [448], [526].
• Disseisin (novel), [317], [323-4], [326].
• Domesday Book, [12].
• “Dominus” (meaning of), [218].
• Dower, [255-6], [260], [273-4], [531].
• Duellum. (See [Trial by Combat].)
• Dunstan, [17], [20], [114], [116].
• Dymoke (Family of), [68].

• Ealdormen, [10], [17], [18].
• Earldoms, Anglo-Saxon, [9];
  • Norman, [236-8].
• Earls, [10], [18], [103], [152], [229], [232], [237], [293], [317 n.], [346-9], [366], [474].
• Earls Palatine, [9], [18], [78 n.]
• Edward Confessor, [7], [9], [18], [113];
  • his laws confirmed, [33], [39], [118], [130], [131], [145], [503].
• Edward I., [85], [176], [271], [298], [307-8], [315], [356], [365 n.], [366 n.], [411], [412-3], [471], [510], [523], [543], [556-7];
  • his reforms, [186-193];
  • his attitude to the Charter, [186], [189], [412-3];
  • his attitude to the Church, [227];
  • his Parliaments, [189-192];
  • his Inspeximus of the Charter, [198], [205], [206], [232 n.], [352 n.]
• Edward II., [472], [501], [510].
• Edward III., [281], [357], [389], [472], [475], [510].
• Election; meaning of word, [328];
  • principle of, [25], [51], [176], [327-8];
  • of knights to reform abuses, [51], [511];
  • in relation to kingship, [219-220];
  • of jurors, [327-8].
• England, growth of a united, [4], [6];
  • unification of, [7].
• English church. (See [Church].)
• English law. (See [Law].)
• English monarchy. (See [Monarchy].)
• Escheat, [73-5], [179], [394-7], [478-81].
• Estovers, [254], [258-9], [399], [496].
• Exchequer, [11-12], [13], [14], [19], [63], [171], [172], [196], [262], [264], [311], [316 n.];
  • Court of, [311-2], [316-7].
• Executive, two types of, [5].
• Executors of Charter, [51], [53], [513], [525], [532], [534], [543-561].
• Eyres. (See [Justices of Eyre].)

• Falconry. (See [Fowling].)
• Fee-farm, [67], [70], [427-9].
• Felony, [73], [74], [371], [384 n.], [394-401].
• Feudal aids. (See [Aids].)
• Feudal anarchy, [7], [10], [13], [16], [60], [148], [409].
• Feudal grievances, [58-112], [145], [409].
• Feudalism in England, [8], [9], [10], [64-5], [66], [70], [409].
• Feudal incidents, [72-80], [308].
  • (See also Reliefs, Escheats, Wardships, Marriages, Primer Seisins, and Fines for Alienations.)
• Feudal jurisdictions. (See under [Jurisdictions] and under [Courts].)
• Feudal obligations, [64-93], [138-9], [166], [230], [308].
  • (See also [Services], [Incidents], and [Aids].)
• Feudal services, [15], [64], [65], [71], [82-6], [234], [306-8].
• Feudal tenures. (See [Tenures].)
• Fictions (legal), [81], [317 n.], [412-3].
• Fines, [90-1], [245], [261], [307], [337], [461], [493], [498], [530-3];
  • differ from amercements, [337], [344-5].
• Fines for alienations, [79-80].
• Firma burgi, [284], [285], [376], [519].
• Firma comitatus, [166], [372-6], [519].
• Fishing, [357-8], [403-4].
• Fitz Aylwin, Henry, [41].
• Fitz Peter, Geoffrey, [36].
• Fitz Walter, Robert, [30], [31], [41], [446], [507 n.], [517], [551].
• Flambard, Ralph, [10], [71], [234], [238], [239], [242], [249].
• Foreigners, [140], [145], [290-1], [440], [465-73], [474].
• Foreign service, [85-6], [154], [307-8].
• Forest Charters, [53], [171], [175], [181], [184], [185], [337 n.], [356], [485], [487], [495], [496], [497 n.], [499], [501].
• Forest Courts, [482], [489-92], [497-8].
• Foresters, [34], [485-9], [497], [499-501], [502 n.], [503], [508-9].
• Forests, [166], [368], [482-502], [507-14], [526];
  • protests by prelates anent, [52];
  • boundaries of, [184], [185], [507-11].
• Fowling, King’s rights of, [353-8], [507-8].
• Frankalmoin, [67], [70], [307], [350].
• Freedom, problem of, [4-5].
• Freehold, [65-71], [445].
• Freeman, Prof., [71], [86], [87], [114], [115 n.], [219], [234].
• Freeman, defined, [135-7], [228-9], [338 n.], [352 n.], [448];
  • rights of, [334], [338-40], [392], [405], [436], [440].
• Free socage. (See [Socage].)
• Fyrd, [15], [352].

• Glanvill, [74], [80], [230 n.], [233 n.], [344 n.], [345], [383], [395-6], [406], [408 n.], [428 n.], [429 n.], [441 n.], [504], [528], [529].
• Gneist, Dr. Rudolf, [129-130], [134], [145 n.], [212], [442 n.], [450], [557-8].
• Godwin, [18].
• Government. (See [Local government].)
• Grand Assize. (See [Assize].)
• Grand Jury. (See [Jury].)
• Great Charter. (See [Charter].)
• Great Serjeanties. (See [Serjeanties].)
• Green, John Richard, [26], [134].
• Grey, John de, [28].
• Gross, Dr. Charles, [362 n.]
• Gualo (papal legate), [56], [57], [164], [170], [171].
• Guardian, [259].
  • (See also [Wardship])
• Guilds, [466], [470], [473].

• Habeas corpus. (See [Writ of].)
• Hall, Hubert, [85 n.], [173 n.], [203-4], [464-5 n.]
• Hallam, Henry, [78], [134], [135], [243], [328], [364], [389], [437 n.], [458], [460], [532].
• Hardell (William), Mayor of London, [289 n.], [551].
• Harold, King, [9].
• Hawking. (See [Fowling].)
• Henry I., [7], [11-12], [19], [21], [116], [117], [219], [230], [242], [243], [494];
  • his achievements, [10-12];
  • relations to church, [21], [22], [224], [226], [239];
  • scutage under, [87];
  • charter to Jews, [269];
  • charter to London, [285-6];
  • Charter of liberties.
  • (See [Charter].)
• Henry II., [7], [13-16], [249], [294], [295], [313], [384 n.], [478], [494], [497], [538];
  • achievements of, [13-15], [59], [158];
  • institutes new system of procedure, [14], [107-112], [319], [325], [361], [407];
  • his policy, [106-7], [366-7], [466];
  • invents writ process, [108], [406-9];
  • opposes the hereditary principle, [19];
  • discourages trial by combat, [108], [161], [162], [320-2], [419-20];
  • attacks the private jurisdictions, [106], [322 n.], [406-9], [432], [455];
  • relations to church, [22-3], [122], [224], [225], [249];
  • takes aids, [81];
  • his levy of scutage, [81], [86], [87], [88], [172];
  • lays foundations of trial by jury, [158-163];
  • Charter to London, [286];
  • opens royal courts to all freeholders, [14], [93-4], [97-8], [106], [411], [460].
  • (See also [Charter].)
• Henry III., [147], [164], [168], [271], [305], [314], [358], [384 n.], [452], [461], [471], [474], [507], [509-10], [556];
  • his advisers accept the Charter, [57], [187];
  • takes aids, [81];
  • takes scutages, [174-5], [304];
  • his attitude to Magna Carta, [164], [181], [183], [184], [185], [186-7], [471], [507], [509];
  • his alliance with Rome, [167 n.], [227], [228], [384 n.];
  • declared of age, [180], [183].
  • (See also under [Charter].)
• Honorius III., [180], [181].
• Honours, [10], [71], [232], [235-6];
  • Courts of, [10].
• Hostages, [30], [514-8], [536], [541], [560].
• Hoveden, Roger of, [9], [415], [416].
• House of Commons. (See [Commons].)
• House of Lords. (See [Lords].)
• Hubert de Burgh, [44], [51], [57], [170], [180], [182 n.], [183], [290], [542 n.], [559].
• Hubert, Walter (Archbishop), [25], [27], [132], [361], [380 n.], [404], [411 n.]
• Hundred, [94], [96], [372-4], [431];
  • court of, [13], [94], [99], [159].

• Imprisonment (arbitrary), [156], [457-9].
• Incidents. (See [Feudal incidents].)
• Indictment, [108], [160], [364], [398-9], [431], [436].
• Innocent III., [28], [31], [40], [42], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [61], [62], [85], [182], [222], [516], [541], [561].
• Innocent IV., [227].
• Inquest of Service (1212), [29], [89-90], [91-2], [172].
• Inquest of Sheriffs. (See [Sheriffs].)
• Inquisitio, principle of. (See [Recognitio].)
• Interest, [265-6], [310]. (See also [Jews] and [Usury].)
• Interregnum, [116].
• Investitures (struggle of), [21-2].

• James I., [72 n.], [387], [394], [475].
• Jarls (Danish), [18].
• Jews, [166], [171], [175], [256], [262-74], [305], [310], [384 n.], [435], [439-40].
• Joan (John’s natural daughter), [29], [30].
• John; his title to Crown, [217-220];
  • his excessive exactions, [26-7];
  • his levies of scutage, [86-93];
  • his charters to English Church, [39], [41], [63], [77], [139], [226], [227], [249];
  • to London, [41], [288-9], [404], [470];
  • to Jews, [269];
  • meets barons at Runnymede, [43], [46];
  • takes Crusader’s vow, [40];
  • his relations with national Church, [39], [44], [61], [62], [249];
  • with Rome, [28-9], [36], [61], [62], [63], [91];
  • his surrender to Innocent, [31-2], [36];
  • asks Innocent to annul charter, [53], [182];
  • his treatment of Welsh hostages, [30], [514-8];
  • his death, [57].
  • (See also [Charter].)
• Judges (King’s), [108], [109], [225], [358], [416], [502-5].
• Judgment (in medieval law), [101], [103-5].
• Judgment of peers. (See [Peers]).
• Jurisdiction, royal, [14], [93-112], [169 n.], [309].
  • (See also [Courts].)
• Jurisdictions, private, [10], [14-15], [93-112], [169 n.], [406-9].
  • (See also [Courts].)
• Jury, trial by, [25], [456-7];
  • relation to recognitio, [106], [159];
  • relation to writ de odio, [108], [161], [420-1];
  • relation to Magna Carta, [158-163], [419-21].
• Jury (of accusation or presenting jury), [158], [159-160], [431].
• Jury (civil), [158], [161-3].
• Jury (grand), [158], [160].
• Jury (petty), [158], [161], [420-1], [457].
• Justice, three systems of, [93-9], [313], [328], [360 n.]
  • (See also [Courts] and [Jurisdictions].)
• Justices (King’s). (See [Judges].)
• Justices of the Peace, [20], [331], [367].
• Justices, itinerant (or of Eyre), [12], [13], [19], [20], [318-9], [329], [361].
• Justices of Assize, [176], [177], [318], [319-20], [329-331], [332];
  • commissions of, [329-331].

• Kiersey, capitulary of, [73].
• King’s Bench, [14], [109], [311-2], [313], [314-5], [348].
• Knight’s fee, [83], [92], [233], [277 n.], [306].
• Knight’s service, [66], [67], [68], [70], [71], [233], [427-8].
• Kydells. (See [Weirs].)

• Lanfranc, [21], [116].
• Lateran Council (1099), [21].
• Lateran Council (1215), [55], [161], [399], [432].
• Law (English), development of, [14].
• Law (lex), technical meaning of, [102], [161], [430], [440-1].
  • (See also [Trial].)
• Leasehold, [65-6].
• Legal fictions. (See [Fictions].)
• Legal procedure. (See [Procedure].)
• Leofric, [18].
• Letters testimonial, [50];
  • text of, [563 n.]
• Littleton, [66], [68], [69], [70 n.], [233 n.], [252], [428].
• Llywelyn, [29], [536].
• Local Government (problem of), [16-20].
• London, [42], [56], [57], [119], [140], [270], [274-5], [284-91], [340], [404-5], [467], [470-3];
  • City and Tower granted by John in security, [51], [560];
  • taxation of, [274-5], [277-81];
  • John’s charters to, [41], [288-9], [404], [470].
• Longchamp, [63].
• Lords (House of), [237], [455-6].
• Louis (son of King Philip of France), [56], [165], [170].

• Macy, Prof. Jesse, [127 n.]
• Magna Carta. (See [Charter].)
• Maitland, Prof. F. W., [95 n.], [98 n.], [128 n], [144 n.], [153 n.], [207], [362 n.], [456].
• Manors, [10], [71], [141], [342], [352 n.], [393];
  • on royal demesne, [372], [376].
• Manorial courts, [10], [93], [96], [106].
  • (See also [Courts] and [Jurisdictions].)
• Marriage, feudal incident of, [66], [68], [69], [77-8], [250-3], [260-1].
• Maritagium, [254-7], [531].
• Marshal (William, earl Marshal), [39], [44], [215], [216], [507], [559];
  • a mediator between King and barons, [39], [40], [43], [559];
  • acts as Regent, [164], [165], [170], [171], [180], [184], [201], [299].
• Matilda (daughter of Henry I.), [12-13], [118], [162].
• Mayor of London, [288], [289], [290], [551].
• Medley (Prof. D. J.), [295 n.], [296], [327 n.], [564 n.]
• Mercenaries, [15], [30], [39], [165], [166], [261], [391], [522-3].
• Merchants, [61], [63], [140], [145], [334], [340-1], [402], [415], [416], [440], [463-73], [474].
• Ministerial responsibility, [25], [150], [188], [192], [298], [505].
• Minorities (Rights of), [299-300].
• Mirror of Justices, [207], [357 n.], [431 n.], [434].
• Monarchy, two types of, [5].
• Monarchy (English), [60], [409];
  • growth of, [4], [6], [12], [13], [15], [18], [20];
  • strength of, [7], [12], [15], [16], [24], [59];
  • weakness of, under Anglo-Saxons, [16], [20];
  • functions of, [94], [97].
• Monopolies, [140], [156], [445-6], [469], [470-5].
• Montfort (Simon de), [188], [189].
• Moore, Stuart A. and H. S., [358], [403 n].
• Mort d’ancestor, [317], [324], [333 n.], [426].
• Municipalities. (See [Boroughs].)

• Nationality (conception of), [149], [156].
• National unity in England, growth of, [6], [149];
  • forces opposed to, [7].
• Neilson, George, [321 n.], [527 n.], [528 n.]
• Nicholas (Papal legate), [36], [227], [365].
• Norgate, Miss Kate, [36], [49 n.], [50 n.], [58 n.], [90 n.], [92 n.], [212], [288], [374 n.], [559].
• Norman Conquest, [5], [9], [20], [71], [105], [115], [158], [321], [366], [484].
• Norman period and rule, characteristics of 5, [7].
• Novel disseisin. (See [Disseisin].)

• Oligarchic elements in England, [5].
• Ordeal, [74], [102], [103], [104], [161], [399], [415], [430-3], [528-9].
• Original writs. (See [Writs].)
• Outlaws, [74], [446], [473-4].

• Parliament, [150], [173], [185-6], [188], [190], [294], [557];
  • rights of, [81];
  • functions of, [174], [190-1], [298];
  • composition of, [190].
• Parliamentary taxation. (See [Taxation].)
• Parliamentary Representation. (See [Representation].)
• Palatine earldoms. (See [Earls].)
• Pandulf (Papal legate), [31], [54], [561].
• Papal Bull, annulling Charter, [55].
• Papal Curia, [28].
• Papal interference in England, [21], [28], [32], [54], [56], [182], [227].
• Papal legates. (See [Gualo], [Nicholas], [Pandulf].)
• Paris, Matthew, [32], [53], [58], [181], [293 n.], [300-1], [453], [543 n.], [550], [559], [561 n.]
• Parks, [247], [492].
• Peasantry. (See [Villeins].)
• Peers, [103], [152], [216 n.], [346-9].
• Peers (Judgment of), [158 n.], [346], [436], [438-40], [449-50 n.] , [452-6], [523].
• Peter des Roches (Bishop of Winchester), [36-7], [51], [54], [58], [180], [183], [215], [300], [452], [503].
• Peter of Wakefield, [30].
• Petition of Barons (1258), [232 n.], [252], [333 n.], [430], [481], [507].
• Petty Assize. (See [Assize].)
• Petty Jury. (See [Jury].)
• Petty Serjeanty. (See [Serjeanty].)
• Philip (King of France), [31], [33], [37], [56], [470].
• Pike, L. O., [152 n.], [295 n.], [313], [347], [348 n.], [442 n.], [444 n.], [449-50 n.], [456], [457 n.]
• Pipe Rolls, [11].
• Pleas. (See [Common pleas].)
• Pleas of the Crown, [107], [109], [111], [112], [310], [314-5], [359-363], [370-1], [398];
  • in Scots law, [360].
• Pleas of the forest, [368].
• Pollock, Sir Frederic, [310].
• Pope, [61], [79 n.], [164], [167 n.], [227].
  • (See [Papal], also [Honorius] and [Innocent].)
• Presentment (darrein), [176-7], [225], [317], [325], [326], [333].
• Primer seisin, [78-9], [248], [254].
• Privy Council, [191].
• Procedure (legal), [14], [99-112];
  • Henry II.’s reforms, [14], [106-112].
• Proof (in medieval law), [102-3];
  • (See also [Trial].)
• Protests by the prelates in John’s favour, [52], [560-1];
  • text of, [579].
• Prothero, G. W., [85 n.], [117 n.], [125 n.], [131-2], [139-140], [149 n.], [154 n.], [175 n.], [203], [212 n.], [228 n.], [448].
• Provisions of Oxford (1258), [187], [504].
• Purprestures, [495].
• Purveyance, [142], [369], [386-90], [392-4].

• Quarantine (Widow’s), [258].
• Queen’s gold, [232].

• Ramsay, Sir James, [92 n.], [212], [225 n.], [243 n.], [375 n.], [394 n.]
• Recognitio (principle of), [34], [105-6], [159], [160], [162], [323], [325], [512].
• Reeves, John, [209-210], [257], [340 n.], [447 n.], [450].
• Regarders, [484], [490], [491].
• Regency, [164], [169].
• Relief (feudal incident of), [68], [69], [73], [117], [179], [239-241], [249], [276 n.];
  • not due from bishop-elect, [117], [238-9];
  • not due after wardship, [239];
  • definition of sums due, [230-3].
• Representation, principle of, [25], [34], [36], [160], [190], [192], [297-8];
  • parliamentary, [292], [297-8].
• Responsibility. (See [Ministerial].)
• Restoration (The), [66], [67], [248], [387], [502].
• Richard I., [24-6], [63], [81], [89], [148], [231], [286], [539];
  • lessons of his reign, [25-6].
• Richard II., [473].
• Roches (Peter des). (See [Peter].)
• Roger, bishop of Salisbury, [11], [119].
• Roger of Hoveden. (See [Hoveden].)
• Roger of Wendover. (See [Wendover].)
• Rolls. (See [Pipe Rolls].)
• Rome. (See [Pope] and [Papal].)
• Round, John Horace, [71], [85 n.], [87], [88], [92], [95 n.], [119], [121 n.], [202-3], [225 n.], [234], [285-7], [324 n.]
• Royal justice. (See [Courts] and [Jurisdiction].)
• Royal writs. (See [Writs].)
• Runnymede, [43-5], [53], [64].

• Salisbury, Roger, bishop of. (See [Roger].)
• Salisbury Plain, oath of homage sworn on, [10].
• Schedule of grievances (27 April, 1215), [40], [44-5], [84 n.], [202-5], [245], [246], [258 n.], [307 n.];
  • text of, [569].
• Scotland, [30];
  • relations to England, [537-43];
  • land tenures in, [67], [69 n.], [70], [72 n.], [80];
  • kings of (see [Alexander], [David], and [William]);
  • Princesses Margaret and Isabel of, [537], [539-42].
• Scutage, [15], [29], [37], [64], [84 n.], [86-93], [172-3], [274-6], [294], [302], [304], [308];
  • grand serjeanties not liable for, [68];
  • in charter of 1215, [274-6], [292];
  • in charter of 1217, [172-3];
  • by sub-tenants, [302].
• Scutum. (See [Knight’s fee].)
• Seal (king’s great), [169], [180], [181], [184].
• Seebohm, Frederic, [95 n.], [341].
• Seisin, [323].
  • (See also [Primer Seisin] and [Disseisin].)
• Serjeanty (grand), [67-8], [70], [78 n.], [233], [307].
• Serjeanty (petty), [68-9], [70], [78 n.], [233], [307], [427], [429].
• Service. (See under [Feudal service], [Foreign service], and [Knight’s service].)
• Sheriff, [10], [11], [12], [13], [18-19], [34], [42], [47], [50], [51], [177], [244], [364], [366-8], [372], [376], [392], [398], [399], [431], [502-5], [511], [513];
  • chief magistrate of county, [18], [366];
  • his powers, [364], [366-7], [376], [399];
  • his gradual decline, [20], [367];
  • his tyrannies, [20], [359], [366 n.], [373-5], [377];
  • his “tourn,” 97, [177], [360], [364];
  • his “aid,” 261;
  • not to hold pleas of Crown, [358-72];
  • in Scotland and in America, [367-8].
• Sheriffs (inquest of), [19].
• Shire. (See [County].)
• Socage, [66-7], [69], [70], [76], [81], [233], [307], [427-9].
• Statutes. (See separate [Index to Statutes].)
• Stephen (King), [12-13], [19], [118-9], [162], [219], [243];
  • relations to Church, [22], [77 n.], [119], [224];
  • his title, [119-120], [219].
  • (See also [Charters of].)
• Stephen Langton, [28], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [38], [43], [52], [62], [122], [139], [145], [181], [223], [226], [227], [249], [451], [506], [532],[542 n.], [551];
  • a mediator between king and barons, [39], [40], [50], [52], [54], [513], [524-5], [531], [542 n.], [560], [562];
  • influence on substance of Great Charter, [50], [506].
• Stubbs, Bishop, [43], [54], [86], [87], [117], [118], [125], [134], [140 n.], [143 n.], [149], [165 n.], [169 n.], [170 n.], [179 n.], [182 n.], [184 n.], [206], [211], [220 n.], [247 n.], [257 n.], [259], [284-5], [296], [299 n.], [351 n.], [365 n.], [391 n.], [430 n.], [453 n.], [483], [491], [493], [503], [532], [544], [559].
• Succession, intestate, [166], [175], [382-5];
  • testate, [376-82].
• Suit and service, [72], [82-6].
• Suit, at county and hundred courts, [94], [177], [261], [332];
  • at forest courts, [482], [497-8];
  • at lord’s court, [72], [82].
• Suit (or forewitnesses), [101-2], [433-4].
• Swanimotes, [491].
• Synod of Whitby, [7].

• Tallage, [140], [142], [270], [272], [277-81], [376].
• Taxation, [20], [26-7], [152], [165], [166], [185], [196], [274-284];
  • heavy under Richard, [24-5], [148], [288];
  • common Council’s rights over, [152], [174], [185], [274-284], [298];
  • parliamentary, [281], [281-4].
• Taylor, Dr. Hannis, [130], [140], [159 n.], [212], [296].
• Tenant, [65].
• Tenement, [65], [345].
• Tenure by barony, [66].
• Tenure by castle-ward, [70 n.]
• Tenure in chivalry. (See [Knight’s service].)
• Tenures, [95-71].
  • (See also [Burgage], [Fee-farm], [Frankalmoin], [Knight’s service], Serjeanty, Socage, Villeinage, also under Freehold.)
• Thayer, Prof. J. B., [159 n.], [430 n.], [433 n.], [441 n.]
• Thomson, Richard, [210], [211].
• Tourn. (See [Sheriff’s tourn].)
• Traders. (See [Merchants].)
• Treason, [74], [395-7].
• Trial (in medieval law), [101], [102-5], [161], [399], [417], [430].
• Trial by combat, [103], [105], [108], [109], [161], [162], [320-1], [323], [325], [406], [417-420], [425-7], [433], [527-30].
• Trial by jury. (See [Jury].)
• Turner, G. J., [184 n.], [484 n.], [509 n.]

• “Unknown Charter of Liberties.” (See [Schedule of Grievances].)
• Usury, [262], [265-6], [270], [272], [384 n].
  • (See also [Jews].)

• Verderers, [368], [487].
• Vesci, Richard de, [30], [31], [40], [446], [517], [551].
• Vicecomes. (See [Sheriff].)
• Villeinage, [66], [342], [449].
• Villeins, [93], [94-5], [106], [136], [141-3], [143 n]., [145], [245], [252], [278], [334], [338 n]., [341-4], [393], [410 n]., [448], [449 n].;
  • legal status of, [341-3].
• Vinogradoff, Prof. Paul, [344 n].

• Wales, [29], [30], [533-7].
• Wapentake, [94], [160], [372-4].
• War, right of private, [10].
• Warden, [485-6].
  • (See [Constable], also [Guardian].)
• Wardship, ordinary, [67], [68], [69], [75-7], [78], [117], [142], [179], [239-250], [259], [265], [427-8], [461 n]., [526];
  • over vacant sees, [117], [224], [225], [239], [505-7];
  • prerogative, [428-30], [526].
• Warrens, [247 n]., [492-3], [511].
• Waste of ward’s lands, [244-6], [250];
  • of felon’s lands, [394-7];
  • in forests, [495], [496-7].
• Watling Street, [7].
• Weirs, [357], [402-5].
• Welshmen, [30], [440], [533-7].
• Wendover (Roger of), [30], [35], [38], [43], [53], [123], [204], [205], [355 n]., [550 n]., [561 n].
• Wer, [335], [336], [340].
• Wessex, supremacy of, [7], [17];
  • royal House of, [16], [113].
• Westminster, [12], [111], [177], [310], [314], [316], [326], [333].
• Whitby, Synod of, [7].
• Widow’s rights, [243], [253-261], [273-4], [380], [384], [527].
• Wills, [376-82].
• William I., [7], [8-10], [12], [16], [21], [71], [83], [106], [115], [116], [191], [234], [507], [514];
  • difficulties and policy of, [8-10], [65];
  • local government under, [16], [18-19];
  • relations to Rome, [21-2];
  • his innovations, [105-6];
  • his title to English Crown, [9], [115].
• William II., [10-11], [21], [71], [116], [239], [242], [249];
  • his relations to the church, [21], [238-9], [249].
• William the Lion, King of Scots, [252], [538-41].
• Witenagemot, [9], [18], [114], [219], [294].
• Wites, [335], [336], [337 n].
• Witnesses, [102].
• Writ de odio et atia, [108], [161], [417-25].
• Writ praecipe, [108-9], [405-13].
• Writ of habeas corpus, [156], [421-2].
• Writ ne exeat regno, [476-7].
• Writs (royal), [14], [406], [417], [460].
• Writ process, [14], [108], [406-9].

---

Transcriber’s Note

Footnotes and index entries have been linked for quick reference. There are some index references to Statutes which are not mentioned in the designated text or note.

3 Edward I.	c.	11,	433 n.
6 Edward I.	c.	1,	177 n.
13 Edward I.	c.	4,	247 n.

The entry for ‘3 Edward I. c. 41’ refers to ‘520 n.’ which appears in ‘[527 n.]’

The entry for ‘5 Henry IV. c. 14’ in the index of Statutes refers to ‘[425 n.]’ That note refers to ‘1 Henry IV. c. 14’, which is most likely correct. One summary of that Statute says that it “abolished appeals of treason in parliament, and sent the accuser to established courts of law.” (Lolme, The Constitution of England, 1839, p. 137.)

Coincidentally, a reference in the index entry for ‘Constables’ refers to ‘456 n.’ No note on that page mentions that topic. However, the ‘Court of the Constable and Marshal’ is mentioned in the same ‘425 n.’, which is not indexed to that topic. We suggest that the reference to [425 n.] was intended.

Lapses in the punctuation of index and footnote entries have been regularized with no further mention.

Other errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected, and are noted here. The references are to the page and line in the original. Those with a third number refer to the line within a footnote beginning on that page.

[65.37]	copyhold and leasehold[.]	Restored.
[83.118.4]	go with the King an[d] serve him	Restored.
[149.23]	whether conscious or unconcious	Inserted.
[219.328.1]	a prisoner in Corfe Castle[.[	Added.
[307.31]	to those of Charles II[.]	Added.
[323.37]	twelve local gentlem[e/a]n	Replaced.
[367.20]	for each county by p[r]icking at random	Removed.
[386.3]	he can have postpon[e]ment	Inserted.
[422.762.1]	En[t]stehung der S[ch]wurgerichte	Inserted.
[425.14]	I[n/t] was unfair that he should be	Replaced.
[435.793.1]	En[t]stehung der Schwurgerichte	Inserted.
[440.809.1]	See Placitorum Abbrevatio	Inserted.
[483.33]	these high[ ]places of royal prerogative	Inserted.
[488.914.3]	to speak of "agisting a wood,[”]	Added.
[490.35]	exercised functions anal[a/o]gous to those	Replaced.
[537.11]	to be otherwise acc[c]ording	Removed.
[540.1052.4]	virtually her fellow-[p]risoners	Restored.
[547.41]	the said five-and[-]twenty barons	Restored.
[577.37]	manu nostra saisita[ saisita] fuerint	Removed.
[588.33]	sumagio aliquod chim[u/i]nagium capiatur	Replaced.
[588.38]	detur chiminagium for[i/e]stariis nostris	Replaced.
[601.18]	influence o[n/f] church on Charter	Replaced.