GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.
DIVISION I.—PRINCIPAL GREEK ROOTS.
1. A'ER (αηρ), the air.
a'erate, to combine with air; to mix with carbonic acid.
a-e'rial, belonging to the air.
a'eriform, having the form of air.
a'erolite (Gr. n. lith'os, a stone), a meteoric stone.
a'eronaut (Gr. n. nau'tēs, a sailor), a balloonist.
aerosta'tion, aerial navigation.
air, the atmosphere; a melody; the bearing of a person.
air'y, open to the air; gay, sprightly.
2. AG'EIN (αγειν), to lead.
apago'ge, a leading away; an indirect argument
dem'agogue (Gr. n. de'mos, the people), a misleader of the people.
parago'ge (literally, a leading or extension beyond), the addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word.
ped'agogue (Gr. n. pais, a child), a schoolmaster; a pedantic person..
syn'agogue, a Jewish place of worship.
3. A'GON (αγων), a contest.
ag'ony, extreme pain.
ag'onize, to be in agony.
antag'onism, direct opposition.
antag'onist, or antagonis'tic, contending against.
4. ANG'ELLEIN (αγγελλειν), to bring tidings; ANG'ELLOS (αγγελλος), a messenger.
an'gel, a spiritual messenger.
angel'ic, relating to an angel.
archan'gel (Gr. prefix archi-, chief), an angel of the highest order.
evan'gel (Gr. prefix eu, well), good tidings; the gospel.
evan'gelist, one of the writers of the four gospels.
5. AR'CHE (αρχη), beginning, government, chief.
an'archy, want of government.
ar'chitect (Gr. n. tek'tōn, workman), literally, a chief builder, one who devises plans for buildings.
ar'chives, records.
hep'tarchy (Gr. hepta, seven), a sevenfold government.
hi'erarchy (Gr. adj. hi'eros, sacred), dominion in sacred things; a sacred body of rulers.
mon'arch (Gr. adj. mon'os, alone), one who rules alone, a sovereign.
mon'archy, government by one person, a kingdom.
oligarchy (Gr. adj. ol'igos, few), government by a few, an aristocracy.
pa'triarch (Gr. n. pat'ēr, a father), the father and ruler of a family.
patriar'chal, relating to patriarchs.
6. AS'TRON (αστρον), a star.
as'terisk, a mark like a star (*) used to refer to a note, and sometimes to mark an omission of words.
as'teroid (Gr. adj. ei'dos, like), one of the numerous small planets between Mars and Jupiter.
as'tral, belonging to the stars.
astrol'ogy, the pretended science of foretelling events by the stars.
astron'omy (Gr. n. nom'os, a law), the science that treats of the stars.
astron'omer, one skilled in astronomy.
disas'ter, calamity, misfortune.
disas'trous, unlucky; calamitous.
7. AU'TOS (αυτος), one's self.
autobiog'raphy (Gr. n. bi'os, life, graph'ein, to write), the life of a person written by himself.
au'tocrat (Gr. n. krat'os, power), an absolute ruler.
autocrat'ic, like an autocrat.
au'tograph, one's own handwriting.
autom'aton (Gr. mema'otes, striving after), a self-acting machine.
authen'tic, genuine, true.
authentic'ity, genuineness.
8. BAL'LEIN (βαλλειν), to throw or cast.
em'blem, a representation; a type.
emblemat'ical, containing an emblem.
hyper'bole, a figure of speech which represents things greater or less than they are.
par'able, a story which illustrates some fact or doctrine.
parab'ola, one of the conic sections.
prob'lem, a question proposed for solution.
sym'bol, a sign; a representation.
symbolical, representing by signs.
9. BAP'TEIN (βαπτειν), to wash, to dip.
bap'tism, a Christian sacrament, in the observance of which the individual is sprinkled with or immersed in water.
baptize', to sprinkle with or immerse in water.
baptismal, pertaining to baptism: as baptismal vows.
bap'tist, one who approves only of baptism by immersion.
anabap'tist, one who believes that only adults should be baptized.
catabap'tist, one opposed to baptism.
pedobap'tism (Gr. pais, paidos, a child), infant baptism.
10. CHRON'OS (χρονος), time.
chron'ic, lasting a long time; periodical.
chron'icle, a record of events in the order of time; a history recording facts in order of time.
chronol'ogy, the science of computing the dates of past events.
chronom'eter (Gr. n. me'tron, a measure), an instrument for measuring time.
anach'ronism, an error in computing time.
syn'chronal, syn'chronous, existing at the same time.
11. GRAM'MA (γραμμα), a letter
gram'mar, the science of language.
gramma'rian, one skilled in or who teaches grammar.
grammat'ical, according to the rules of grammar.
an'agram, the change of one word into another by transposing the letters.
di'agram, a writing or drawing made for illustration.
ep'igram, a short poem ending with a witty thought.
mon'ogram (Gr. adj. mon'os, alone), a character composed of several letters interwoven.
pro'gramme, order of any entertainment.
tel'egram (Gr. te'le, at a distance), a message sent by telegraph.
12. GRAPH'EIN (γραφειν), to write.
graph'ic, well delineated; giving vivid description.
au'tograph. See au'tos.
biog'raphy (Gr. n. bi'os, life), the history of a life.
calig'raphy (Gr. adj. kal'os, beautiful), beautiful writing.
geog'raphy (Gr. n. gē, the earth), a description of the earth.
historiog'rapher (Gr. n. histo'ria, history), one appointed to write history.
hol'ograph (Gr. adj. hol'os, whole), a deed or will wholly written by the grantor or testator.
lexicog'rapher (Gr. n. lex'icon, a dictionary), the compiler of a dictionary.
lith'ograph (Gr. n. lith'os, a stone), an impression of a drawing made on stone.
lithog'raphy, the art of writing on and taking impressions from stone.
orthog'raphy (Gr. adj. or'thos, correct), the correct spelling of words.
pho'nograph (Gr. n. pho'ne, sound), an instrument for the mechanical registration and reproduction of audible sounds.
phonog'raphy, a system of short hand; the art of constructing or of using the phonograph.
photog'raphy (Gr. n. phos, phot'os, light), the art of producing pictures by light.
stenog'raphy (Gr. adj. sten'os, narrow), the art of writing in short-hand.
tel'egraph (Gr. te'le, at a distance), an apparatus for conveying intelligence to a distance by means of electricity.
topog'raphy (Gr. n. top'os, a place), the description of a particular place.
typography (Gr. n. tu'pos, a type), the art or operation of printing.
13. HOD'OS ('οδος), a way.
ep'isode, an incidental story introduced into a poem or narrative.
ex'odus, departure from a place; the second book of the Old Testament.
meth'od, order, system, way, manner.
Meth'odist, the followers of John Wesley. (The name has reference to the strictness of the rules of this sect of Christians).
pe'riod (Gr. n. period'os, a passage round), the time in which anything is performed; a kind of sentence; a punctuation mark.
syn'od, a meeting of ecclesiastics.
14. HU'DOR ('υδορ), water.
hy'dra, a water-snake; a fabulous monster serpent slain by Hercules.
hydran'gea, a genus of plants remarkable for their absorption of water.
hy'drant, a water-plug.
hydrau'lic (Gr. n. au'los, a pipe), relating to the motion of water through pipes; worked by water.
hydrau'lics, the science which treats of fluids in motion.
hydroceph'alus (Gr. n. keph'ale, the head), dropsy of the head.
hy'drogen (Gr. v. gen'ein, to beget), a gas which with oxygen produces water.
hydrog'raphy, the art of maritime surveying and mapping.
hydrop'athy (Gr. n. path'os, feeling), the water-cure.
hydropho'bia (Gr. n. phob'os, fear), literally, dread of water; canine madness.
hy'dropsy, a collection of water in the body. ("Dropsy" is a contraction of hydropsy).
hydrostat'ics, the science which treats of fluids at rest.
15. KRAT'OS (χρατος), rule, government, strength.
aristoc'racy (Gr. adj. aris'tos, best), government by nobles.
aris'tocrat, one who favors aristocracy.
au'tocrat. See au'tos.
democ'racy (Gr. n. de'mos, the people), government by the people.
dem'ocrat, one who upholds democracy; in the United States, a member of the democratic party.
theoc'racy, government of a state by divine direction, as the ancient Jewish state.
16. LOG'OS (λογος), speech, ratio, description, science.
log'ic, the science and art of reasoning.
logi'cian, one skilled in logic.
log'arithms (Gr. n. arith'mos, number), a class of numbers that abridge arithmetical calculations.
anal'ogy, a resemblance of ratios.
ap'ologue, a moral fable.
apol'ogy, a defense, an excuse.
cat'alogue, a list of names in order.
chronol'ogy. (See chronos.)
conchol'ogy (Gr. n. kon'chos, a shell), the science of shells.
dec'alogue (Gr. dek'a, ten), the ten commandments.
doxol'ogy (Gr. n. doxa, glory), a hymn expressing glory to God.
ec'logue, a pastoral poem.
entomol'ogy (Gr. n. ento'ma, insects, and v. tem'nein, to cut), the natural history of insects.
ep'ilogue, a short poem or speech at the end of a play.
etymol'ogy (Gr. et'umon, true source), a part of grammar; the science of the derivation of words.
eu'logy, praise, commendation.
geneal'ogy (Gr. n. gen'os, birth), history of the descent of families.
geol'ogy (Gr. n. gē, the earth), the science which treats of the internal structure of the earth.
mineral'ogy, the science of minerals.
mythol'ogy (Gr. n. mu'thos, a fable), a system or science of fables.
ornithol'ogy (Gr. n. or'nis, or'nithos, a bird), the natural history of birds.
pathol'ogy (Gr. n. path'os, suffering), that part of medicine which treats of the causes and nature of diseases.
philol'ogy (Gr. phil'os, loving, fond of), the science which treats of languages.
phrenol'ogy (Gr. n. phrén, the mind), the art of reading the mind from the form of the skull.
physiol'ogy (Gr. n. phu'sis, nature), the science which treats of the organism of plants and animals.
pro'logue, verses recited as introductory to a play.
psychol'ogy (Gr. n. psu'che, the soul), mental philosophy; doctrine of man's spiritual nature.
syl'logism, a form of reasoning consisting of three propositions.
tautol'ogy (Gr. tau'to, the same), a repetition of the same idea in different words.
technol'ogy (Gr. n. tech'ne, art), a description of the arts.
theol'ogy. See theos.
toxicol'ogy (Gr. n. tox'icon, poison) the science which treats of poisons and their effects.
zool'ogy (Gr. n. zo'on, an animal), that part of natural history which treats of animals.
17. MET'RON (μετρον) a measure.
me'ter, arrangement of poetical feet; a measure of length.
met'ric, denoting measurement.
met'rical, pertaining to meter.
anemom'eter (Gr. n. an'emos, the wind), an instrument measuring the force and velocity of the wind.
barom'eter (Gr. n. ba'ros, weight), an instrument that indicates changes in the weather.
diam'eter, measure through anything.
geom'etry (Gr. n. ge, the earth), a branch of mathematics.
hexam'eter (Gr. hex, six), a line of six poetic feet.
hydrom'eter (Gr. n. hu'dor, water), an instrument for determining the specific gravities of liquids.
hygrom'eter (Gr. adj. hu'gros, wet), an instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the atmosphere.
pentam'eter (Gr. pen'te, five), a line of five poetic feet.
perim'eter, the external boundary of a body or figure.
sym'metry, the proportion or harmony of parts.
thermom'eter (Gr. adj. ther'mos, warm), an instrument for measuring the heat of bodies.
trigonom'etry (Gr. n. trigo'non, a triangle), a branch of mathematics.
18. MON'OS (μονος), sole, alone.
mon'achism, the condition of monks; a monastic life.
mon'ad, something ultimate and indivisible.
mon'astery, a house of religious retirement.
monk (Gr. n. mon'achos), a religious recluse.
monog'amy (Gr. n. gam'os, marriage), the marriage of one wife only.
mon'ologue (Gr. n. log'os), a speech uttered by a person alone.
monoma'nia (Gr. n. ma'nia, madness), madness confined to one subject.
monop'oly (Gr. v. pol'ein, to sell), the sole power of selling anything.
monosyl'lable, a word of one syllable.
mon'otheism (Gr. n. the'os, God), the belief in the existence of only one God.
mon'otone, uniformity of tone.
monot'ony, sameness of sound; want of variety.
19. O'DE (ωδε), a song.
ode, a lyric poem.
mel'ody (Gr. n. mel'os, a song), an agreeable succession of musical sounds.
par'ody, the alteration of the works of an author to another subject.
pros'ody, the study of versification.
psal'mody, the practice of singing psalms.
trag'edy (Gr. n. trag'os, a goat[9]), a dramatic representation of a sad or calamitous event.
EXERCISE.
The periods of astronomy go far beyond any chronology. The phonograph and the telegraph are both American inventions. By the aid of a diagram the problem was readily solved. Dr. Holmes, the Autocrat of the Breakfast Table, has written many parodies. In the struggle between monarchy and democracy Mexico has often been in a state of anarchy. His antagonist suffered great agony from the disaster that occurred. The eulogy pronounced on the great zoölogist Agassiz was well deserved. What is the etymological distinction between geography and geology? The aeronaut took with him a barometer, a thermometer, and a chronometer. I owe you an apology for not better knowing your genealogy. Typography has been well called "the art preservative of all the arts." Who is called the great American lexicographer? Tautology is to be avoided by all who make any pretence to grammar. One may be a democrat without being a demagogue. You cannot be an architect without knowing geometry. Zoology shows that there is great symmetry in the structure of animals. The pretensions of astrology are now dissipated into thin air. Many persons skilled in physiology do not believe in hydropathy. Longfellow's "Evangeline" is written in hexameter, and Milton's "Paradise Lost" in pentameter.
20. ON'OMA (ονομα), a name.
anon'ymous, without a name.
meton'ymy, a rhetorical figure in which one word is put for another.
on'omatopoe'ia, the forming of words whose sound suggests the sense.
paron'ymous, of like derivation.
patronym'ic (Gr. n. pat'er, a father), a name derived from a parent or ancestor.
pseu'donym (Gr. adj. pseu'des, false), a fictitious name.
syn'onym, a word having the same meaning as another in the same language.
21. PAN (παν, παντος), all; whole.
panace'a (Gr. v. ak'eomai, I cure), a universal cure.
pan'creas (Gr. n. kre'as, flesh), a fleshy gland situated at the bottom of the stomach.
pan'dect, a treatise which combines the whole of any science.
panegyr'ic (Gr. n. ag'ora, an assembly), an oration in praise of some person or event.
pan'oply (Gr. n. hop'la, armor), a complete suit of armor.
panora'ma (Gr. n. hor'ama, a sight or view), a large picture gradually unrolled before an assembly.
pan'theism (Gr. n. the'os, God), the doctrine that nature is God.
pan'theon, a temple dedicated to all the gods.
pan'tomime, a scene or representation in dumb show.
22. PA'THOS (παθος), suffering, feeling.
pathet'ic, affecting the emotions.
pathol'ogy, the science of diseases.
allop'athy, a mode of medical practice.
antip'athy, dislike, aversion.
ap'athy, want of feeling.
homeop'athy, a mode of medical practice.
hydrop'athy. See hudor.
sym'pathy, fellow-feeling.
23. PHIL'OS (φιλος), a friend, a lover.
Philadel'phia (Gr. n. adel'phos, a brother), literally, the city of brotherly love.
philanthropy (Gr. n. anthro'pos, a man), love of mankind.
philharmon'ic (Gr. n. harmo'nia, harmony), loving harmony or music.
philos'ophy (Gr. n. sophi'a, wisdom), the general laws or principles belonging to any department of knowledge.
philos'opher, one versed in philosophy or science.
philosoph'ic, philosoph'ical, relating to philosophy.
24. PHA'NEIN (φαινειν), to cause to appear; PHANTA'SIA (φαντασια), an image, an idea.
diaph'anous, translucent.
epiph'any, the festival commemorative of the manifestation of Christ by the star of Bethlehem.
fan'cy, a pleasing image; a conceit or whim.
fan'ciful, full of fancy; abounding in wild images.
fanta'sia, a musical composition avowedly not governed by the ordinary musical rules.
phan'tom, a specter, an apparation.
phase, an appearance.
phenom'enon, anything presented to the senses by experiment or observation; an unusual appearance.
syc'ophant (Gr. n. sukon, a fig, and, literally, an informer against stealers of figs), a mean flatterer.
25. PHO'NE (φωνη), a sound.
phonet'ic, phon'ic} according to sound.
eu'phony, an agreeable sound of words.
sym'phony, harmony of mingled sounds; a musical composition for a full band of instruments.
26. PHOS (φως, φωτος), light.
phos'phorus (Gr. v. pherein, to bear), a substance resembling wax, highly inflammable, and luminous in the dark.
phos'phate, a salt of phosphoric acid.
phosphores'cent, luminous in the dark.
phosphor'ic, relating to or obtained from phosphorus.
photog'raphy. See graphein.
27. PHU'SIS (φυσις), nature.
phys'ic, medicines.
phys'ical, natural; material; relating to the body.
physi'cian, one skilled in the art of healing.
phys'icist, a student of nature.
phys'ics, natural philosophy.
physiog'nomy (Gr. n. gno'mon, a judge), the art of discerning the character of the mind from the features of the face; the particular cast of features or countenance.
physiol'ogy. See logos.
metaphys'ics, literally, after or beyond physics; hence, the science of mind.
metaphysi'cian, one versed in metaphysics.
28. POL'IS (πολις), a city.
police', the body of officers employed to secure the good order of a city.
pol'icy, the art or manner of governing a nation or conducting public affairs; prudence.
pol'itic, wise, expedient.
polit'ical, relating to politics.
politi'cian, one devoted to politics.
pol'itics, the art or science of government; struggle of parties.
pol'ity, the constitution of civil government.
acrop'olis (Gr. adj. ak'ros, high), a citadel.
cosmop'olite (Gr. n. kos'mos, the world), a citizen of the world.
metrop'olis (Gr. n. me'ter, a mother), the chief city of a country.
necrop'olis (Gr. adj. nek'ros, dead), a burial-place; a city of the dead.
29. RHE'O ('ρεω), I flow, I speak.
rhet'oric, the art of composition; the science of oratory.
rhetori'cian, one skilled in rhetoric.
rheu'matism, a disease of the limbs (so called because the ancients supposed it to arise from a deflection of the humors).
res'in, a gum which flows from certain trees.
catarrh', a discharge of fluid from the nose caused by cold in the head.
diarrhoe'a, purging.
hem'orrhage (Gr. n. haima, blood), a flowing of blood.
30. SKOP'EIN (σκοπειν), to see, to watch.
scope, space, aim, intention.
bish'op (Gr. n. epis'kopos, overseer), a clergyman who has charge of a diocese.
epis'copacy, church government by bishops.
epis'copal, relating to episcopacy.
kalei'doscope (Gr. adj. kal'os, beautiful), an optical instrument in which we see an endless variety of beautiful patterns by simple change of position.
mi'croscope (Gr. adj. mik'ros, small), an instrument for examining small objects.
micros'copist, one skilled in the use of the microscope.
steth'oscope (Gr. n. steth'os, the breast), an instrument for examining the state of the chest by sound.
tel'escope (Gr. te'le, afar off), an instrument for viewing objects far off.
31. TAK'TOS (τακτος), arranged; TAX'IS (ταξις), arrangement.
tac'tics, the evolution, maneuvers, etc., of military and naval forces; the science or art which relates to these.
tacti'cian, one skilled in tactics.
syn'tax, the arrangement of words into sentences.
syntac'tical, relating to syntax.
tax'idermy (Gr. n. der'ma, skin), the art of preparing and arranging the skins of animals in their natural appearance.
tax'idermist, one skilled in taxidermy.
32. TECH'NE (τεχνη), art.
tech'nical, relating to an art or profession.
technical'ity, a technical expression; that which is technical.
technol'ogy, a treatise on or description of the arts.
technol'ogist, one skilled in technology.
polytech'nic (Gr. adj. pol'us, many), comprising many arts.
pyr'otechny (Gr. n. pur, fire), the art of making fireworks.
33. THE'OS (θεος), God.
the'ism, belief in the existence of a God.
theo'cracy. (See kratos.)
theo'logy. (See logos.)
apotheo'sis, glorification, deification.
a'theism, disbelief in the existence of God.
a'theist, one who does not believe in the existence of God.
enthu'siasm, heat of imagination; ardent zeal.
pan'theism. (See pan.)
pol'ytheism (Gr. adj. polus, many), the doctrine of a plurality of Gods.
34. TITH'ENI (τιθεναι), to place, to set.
theme, a subject set forth for discussion.
the'sis, a proposition set forth for discussion.
anath'ema, an ecclesiastical curse.
antithesis, opposition or contrast in words or deeds.
hypoth'esis, a supposition.
paren'thesis, something inserted in a sentence which is complete without it.
syn'thesis, a putting together, as opposed to analysis.
35. TON'OS (τονος), tension, tone.
tone, tension, vigor, sound.
ton'ic, adj. increasing tension or vigor; n. a medicine which increases strength.
tune, a series of musical notes on a particular key.
attune', to make musical; to make one sound agree with another.
bar'ytone (Gr. adj. ba'rus, heavy), a male voice.
diaton'ic, proceeding by tones and semitones.
in'tonate, to sound; to modulate the voice.
intone', to give forth a slow, protracted sound.
sem'itone, half a tone.
REVIEW EXERCISE ON GREEK DERIVATIVES.
1. Derivation of "antithesis"?—Compose an example of an antithesis.—Point out the antithesis in the following:—
"The prodigal robs his heir; the miser robs himself."
"A wit with dunces and a dunce with wits."
"Though deep, yet clear, though gentle, yet not dull,
Strong without rage, without o'erflowing, full."
2. Derivation of "hypothesis."—Give an adjective formed from this noun.—What Latin derivative corresponds literally to "hypothesis"? Ans. Supposition.—Show this. Ans. Supposition is composed of sub = hypo (under), and position (from ponere, to place) = thesis, a placing—What adjective from "supposition" would correspond to "hypothetical"? Ans. Supposititious.
3. Derivation of "parenthesis"?—Compose a parenthetical sentence.
4. What is the opposite of "synthesis"?—Give the distinction Ans. Analysis is taking apart, synthesis is putting together—What adjective is derived from the noun "synthesis"?
5. What adjective is formed from "demagogue"? Ans. Demagogic or demagogical—Define it—Compose a sentence containing the word "demagogue". MODEL: "Aaron Burr, to gain popularity, practiced the arts of a demagogue."
6. What adjective is formed from "pedagogue"? Ans. Pedagogic—What would the "pedagogic art" mean?—Is "pedagogue" usually employed in a complimentary sense?—Give a synonym of "pedagogue" in its literal sense.
7. Derivation of "anarchy"?—Compose a sentence containing this word. MODEL: "Many of the South American States have long been cursed by anarchy."
8. What adjective is formed from "monarchy"? Ans. Monarchical—Define it.—Can you mention a country at present ruled by a monarchical government?—What is the ruler of a monarchy called?
9. Compose a sentence containing the word "oligarchy". MODEL: "During the Middle Ages some of the Italian republics, as Genoa and Venice, were under the rule of an oligarchy."
10. From what root is "democracy" derived?—What adjective is formed from "democracy"?—Is Russia at present a democracy?—Can you mention any ancient governments that for a time were democracies?
11. What adjective is formed fiom "aristocracy"?—What noun will denote one who believes in aristocracy? Ans. Aristocrat—What does "aristocrat" ordinarily mean? Ans. A proud or haughty person who holds himself above the common people.
12. What is the etymology of "thermometer"?
13. Illustrate the meaning of "chronometer" by using it in a sentence.
14. What adjective is formed from "diameter"? Ans. Diametrical—What adverb is formed from "diametrical"?—What is meant by the expression "diametrically opposed"?
15. What science was the forerunner of astronomy? Ans. Astrology—Give the derivative of this word.—What word denotes one who is skilled in astronomy?—Form an adjective from "astronomy."—Compose a sentence containing the word "astronomy." MODEL: "The three great founders of astronomy are Copernicus, Kepler, and Newton."
16. From what root is "telescope" derived?—Combine and define telescop + ic.—Compose a sentence using the word "telescope."
17. From what root is "microscope" derived?—Combine and define microscop + ic.—What single word denotes microscopic animals? Ans. Animalculæ.—Compose a sentence containing the word "microscope." MODEL: "As the telescope reveals the infinitely distant, so the microscope reveals the infinitely little."
18. Compose a sentence containing the word "antipathy." MODEL: "That we sometimes have antipathies which we cannot explain is well illustrated in the lines:
'The reason why I cannot tell,
I do not like you, Dr. Fell.'"
19. What adjective is formed from "apathy"?
20. Derivation of "sympathy"?—Give a synonym of this Greek derivative. Ans. Compassion.—Show why they are literal synonyms. Ans. Sym = con or com, and pathy = passion; hence, compassion = sympathy.—Give an English derivative expressing the same thing. Ans. Fellow-feeling.
21. From what two roots is "autocrat" derived?—Form an adjective from "autocrat."—Who is the present "autocrat of all the Russias"?—Could the Queen of England be called an autocrat?—Why not?
22. Compose a sentence containing the word "autograph." MODEL: "There are only two or three autographs of Shakespeare in existence."
23. Derivation of "automaton"?—Illustrate the signification of the word by a sentence.
24. What word would denote a remedy for "all the ills that flesh is heir to"?—Compose a sentence containing the word "panacea."
25. Derivation of "panoply"?—In the following sentence is "panoply" used in a literal or a figurative sense? "We had need to take the Christian panoply, to put on the whole armor of God."
26. From what two roots is "pantheism" derived?—What word is used to denote one who believes in pantheism?
27. Can you mention an ancient religion in which there were many gods?—Each divinity might have its own temple; but what name would designate a temple dedicated to all the gods?
28. Give an adjective formed from the word "panorama."—Compose a sentence using the word "panorama."
29. What is the derivative of "eulogy"?—Illustrate its meaning by a sentence.—Form an adjective from "eulogy."
30. What is the etymology of "pseudonym"?—Give an example of a pseudonym.
DIVISION II.—ADDITIONAL GREEK ROOTS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES.
ach'os, pain—ache, headache.
ainig'ma, a riddle—enigma.
ak'me, a point—acme.
akou'ein, to hear—acoustics.
ak'ros, high—acropolis (polis).
allel'on, each other—parallel, parallelogram.
an'er, a man—Andrew, Alexander.
an'thos, a flower—anther, anthology, polyanthus.
anthro'pos, a man—anthropology, anthropophagi, misanthrope, philanthropist, philanthropy.
ark'tos, a bear—arctic, antarctic.
ar'gos, idle—lethargy, lethargic.
aris'tos, best—aristocrat (kratos), aristocracy, aristocratic.
arith'mos, number—arithmetic, arithmetician, logarithm, logarithmic.
aro'ma, spice, odor—aromatic.
arte'ria, a bloodvessel—artery, arterial.
ask'ein, to discipline—ascetic, asceticism.
asphal'tos, pitch—asphalt.
ath'los, a contest—athlete, athletic.
at'mos, vapor, smoke—atmosphere, atmospheric.
au'los, a pipe—hydraulic.
bal'samon, balsam—balm, embalm.
ba'ros, weight—barometer, barytes.
ba'sis, the bottom—base, baseless, basement, basis.
bib'lion, a book—bible, biblical.
bi'os, life—biography, biology.
bo'tane, a plant—botanic, botanical, botanist, botany.
bron'chos, the throat—bronchial, bronchitis.
bus'sos, bottom—abyss.
cha'lups, steel—chalybeate.
charas'sein, to stamp—character, characterize, characteristic.
cha'ris, grace—eucharist.
cheir, the hand—surgeon (short for chirurgeon), surgical.
chlo'ros, green—chloride, chlorine
chol'e, bile—choler, cholera, choleraic, melancholy.
chor'de, a string—chord, cord, cordage.
chris'tos, anointed—chrism, Christ, Christian, Christmas, Christendom, antichrist.
chro'ma, color—chromatic, chrome, chromic, chromotype, achromatic.
chru'sos, gold—chrysalis, chrysolite.
chu'los, the milky juice formed by digestion—chyle, chylifaction.
chu'mos, juice—chyme, chemist, chemistry, alchemy, alchemist.
dai'mon, a spirit—demon, demoniac, demonology.
de'mos, the people—demagogue, democracy, democrat, endemic, epidemic.
den'dron, a tree—dendrology, rhododendron.
der'ma, the skin—epidermis.
des'potes, a ruler—despot, despotic, despotism.
diai'ta, manner of life—diet, dietary, dietetic.
dido'ni, to give—dose, antidote, anecdote.
dog'ma, an opinion—dogma, dogmatic, dogmatize, dogmatism.
dox'a, an opinion, glory—doxology, heterodox, orthodox, paradox.
dram'a, a stage-play—drama, dramatic, dramatist.
drom'os, a course—dromedary, hippodrome.
drus, an oak—dryad.
duna'thai, to be able—dynamics, dynamical, dynasty.
dus, ill, wrong—dysentery (entera, the bowels), dyspepsia (peptein, to digest).
ekkle'sia, the church—ecclesiastes, ecclesiastic, ecclesiastical.
e'chein, to sound—echo, catechise, catechism, catechumen.
eklei'pein, to fail—eclipse, ecliptic.
elek'tron, amber—electric, electricity, electrify, electrotype.
em'ein, to vomit—emetic.
ep'os, a word—epic, orthoepy.
er'emos, desert, solitary—hermit, hermitage.
er'gon, a work—energy, energetic, surgeon (cheir, the hand).
eth'nos, a nation—ethnic, ethnical, ethnography, ethnology.
eth'os, custom, manner—ethics, ethical.
eu, good, well—eulogy, eulogize, euphony, evangelical.
gam'os, marriage—bigamy, polygamy, misogamist.
gas'ter, the stomach—gastric, gastronomy.
ge, the earth—geography, geology, geological, geometry, George, apogee, perigee.
gen'naein, to produce—genealogy, genesis, heterogeneous, homogeneous, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen.
gignos'kein, to know—diagnosis, diagnostic, prognosticate.
glos'sa, glot'ta, the tongue—glossary, glottis, polyglot.
glu'phein, to carve—hieroglyphics.
gno'mon, an indicator—gnomon, physiognomy (phusis).
go'nia, a corner—diagonal, heptagon, hexagon, octagon, trigonometry.
gum'nos, naked—gymnasium, gymnast, gymnastics.
hai'rein, to take or choose—heresy, heretic, heretical.
harmo'nia, a fitting together—harmony, harmonious, harmonize, harmonium.
hek'aton, a hundred—hecatomb.
he'lios, the sun—heliotrope, aphelion, perihelion.
he'mera, a day—ephemeral.
hep'ta, seven—heptagon, heptarchy.
he'ros, a hero—hero, heroic, heroine, heroism.
het'eros, another, unlike—heterodox, heterodoxy, heterogeneous.
hex, six—hexagon, hexangular.
hi'eros, sacred—hierarchy, hieroglyphics (glyphein, to carve).
hip'pos, a horse—hippodrome, hippopotamus, Philip, philippic.
hol'os, all—holocaust, holograph, catholic, catholicity.
hom'os, like, the same—homogeneous (gennaein, to produce).
hor'os, a boundary—horizon, aphorism.
hu'men, the god of marriage—hymeneal.
hum'nos, a song of praise—hymn, hymnal, hynmology.
ich'thus, a fish—ichthyology.
id'ea, a form or pattern—idea, ideal.
id'ios, peculiar—idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiot, idiotic.
is'os, equal—isothermal.
kai'ein, to burn—caustic, cauterize, holocaust (holos, whole).
ka'kos, bad—cacophony.
ka'los, beautiful—caligraphy, calotype, kaleidoscope (skopein).
kal'uptein, to conceal—apocalypse.
kan'on, a rule—canon, canonical, canonize.
kar'dia, the heart—cardiac, pericardium.
ken'os, empty—cenotaph.
keph'ale, the head—acephalous, hydrocephalus (hydor).
ker'as, a horn—rhinoceros.
kle'ros, a portion—clergy, clerical, clerk, clerkship.
kli'max, a ladder—climax.
kli'nein, to bend—clinical, recline.
ko'mos, a merry feast—comedy, (odè), comedian, comic, encomium.
ko'nein, to serve—deacon, deaconship, diaconal, diaconate.
ko'nos, Lat. conus, a cone—cone, conic, conical, coniferous, coniform.
kop'tein, to cut—coppice, copse, syncope.
kos'mos, the world—cosmography, cosmopolitan.
kri'tes, a judge—crisis, criterion, critic, critical, criticism, hypocrite.
krup'tein, to conceal—crypt, apocrypha.
krustal'los, ice—crystal, crystallize.
kuk'los, a circle—cycle, encyclical, cyclops, cyclades, encyclopedia.
kulin'dros, a roller—cylinder.
lam'banein, to take—syllable, dissyllable, polysyllable.
lam'pein, to shine—lamp.
la'os, the people—layman, laity.
latrei'a, worship—idolatry, heliolatry.
lith'os, a stone—litharge, lithograph, aërolite.
lu'ein, to loosen—analysis, paralysis, paralytic, palsy.
man'ia, madness—mania, maniac.
mar'tur, a witness—martyr, martyrdom, martyrology.
mel'as, black—melancholy, Melanesia.
me'ter, a mother—metropolis.
mik'ros, small—microcosm, microscope, microscopic.
mi'mos, an imitator—mimic, mimicry, pantomime.
mor'phe, shape—amorphous, metamorphosis.
mu'rias, ten thousand—myriad.
mu'thos, a fable—myth, mythology.
nar'ke, torpor—narcissus, narcotic.
naus, a ship—nausea, nauseate, nautical, nautilus, aëronaut.
nek'ros, dead—necropolis.
ne'sos, an island—Polynesia.
nom'os, a law—astronomy, Deuteronomy, economy (oikos, a house), economic.
ol'igos, few—oligarchy (arche).
or'phanos, deserted—orphan, orphanage.
or'thos, right, straight—orthodox, orthoepy, orthography.
paidei'a, instruction—cyclopædia.
pais, a child—pedagogue, pedant, pedantic, pedobaptist.
pap'as, Lat. papa, a father—papacy, pope, popedom, popery.
paradei'sos, a pleasant garden—paradise.
pat'ein, to walk—peripatetic.
pen'te, five—pentagon, pentecost.
pet'ra, a rock—Peter, petrescent, petrify, petroleum, saltpeter.
phob'os, fear—hydrophobia (hudor, water).
phra'sis, speech—phrase, phraseology, paraphrase.
phren, the mind—phrenology, frantic, frenzy.
phu'ton, a plant—zoophyte.
pla'naein, to wander—planet, planetary.
plas'sein, to mould—plaster, plastic.
pleu'ra, the side—pleurisy.
pneu'ma, breath, spirit—pneumatic.
po'lein, to sell—bibliopolist, monopoly, monopolize.
pol'us, many—polygamy, polyglot, polysyllable, polytechnic.
por'os, a passage—pore, porosity, porous, emporium.
pot'amos, a river—hippopotamus.
pous, the foot—antipodes, polypus, tripod.
pras'sein, to do—practice, practical, practitioner, impracticable.
presbu'teros, elder—presbytery, presbyterian, presbyterianism.
pro'tos, first—protomartyr.
psal'lein, to touch, to sing—psalm, psalmist, psalmody, psalter.
pur, fire—pyramid, pyrotechny.
rhin, the nose—rhinoceros.
rhod'on, a rose —rhododendron.
sarx, flesh—sarcasm, sarcastic, sarcophagus.
sched'e, a sheet—schedule.
sche'ma, a plan—scheme.
schis'ma, a division—schism, schismatic.
sit'os, corn—parasite, parasitical.
skan'dalon, disgrace—scandal, scandalous, scandalize, slander, slanderous.
skeptes'thai, to consider—sceptic, sceptical, scepticism.
skep'tron, an emblem of office—scepter.
soph'ia, wisdom—sophist, sophistry, philosopher (philos), philosophy.
sphai'ra, a globe—sphere, spherical, spheroid, hemisphere.
stal'aein, to drop—stalactite, stalagmite.
stel'lein, to send—apostle, apostolic, epistle, epistolary.
sten'os, narrow—stenography.
sthen'os, strength—calisthenics.
stig'ma, a mark—stigma, stigmatize.
strat'os, an army—stratagem, strategy, strategist.
stroph'e, a turning—apostrophe, catastrophe.
ta'phos, a tomb—epitaph, cenotaph.
tau'to, the same—tautology.
tek'ton, a builder—architect.
te'le, far off—telegraph, telescope.
tem'nein, to cut—atom, anatomy, anatomist.
tet'ra, four—tetragon, tetrarch.
ther'me, heat—thermal.
thron'os, a throne—throne, enthrone.
top'os, a place—topography.
trep'ein, to turn—trope, tropic, tropical, heliotrope.
tu'pos, a stamp—type, typography, prototype.
turan'nos, a ruler—tyrant, tyrannical, tyrannize, tyranny.
zein, to boil—zeal, zealous.
zephu'ros, the west wind—zephyr.
zo'on, an animal—zodiac, zoology, zoological, zoöphyte.