APPENDIX.
No. 1.
Translation of a Beratt, or Diploma, given by the present Sultan Mahmoud, Emperor Of Turkey, to Mr. Wilkinson.
The Emperor Sultan Mahmoud,
Son of Sultan Abdoulhammid
Ever Victorious!
By that glorious and imperial sign, I, who am the conqueror of the world, and whose authority is derived from Divine will,
Ordain as follows:
The Model of the Great amongst the nation of the Messiah, the Ambassador Extraordinary from the Court of Great Britain residing at my Sublime Porte, Robert Liston, (whose end be happiness,) has presented to my Imperial Porte an official note, by which he states that it is agreed by the Imperial capitulations that the English shall have the right to name consuls to Smyrna, Alexandria, Aleppo, Tripoli, Algiers, Tunis, and various other parts of my Empire; and that, when they wish to recall them no opposition shall be made: that in virtue of this agreement, Francis Summerers had been named the 3d of the Ramazan, 1217 (6th January 1802), consul-general in the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, (acknowledged by Imperial Beratt,) to protect the affair of the English merchants and other subjects who carry on business with those Countries, as well as to assist the passage of couriers and letters to and from England, and having resigned that office, the bearer of this Imperial document, one of the most noble of the nation of the Messiah, William Wilkinson, has been appointed consul-general in his place. The aforesaid Ambassador, in notifying his nomination, requests, that in virtue of the Imperial capitulations, this Imperial Beratt be given him.
Conforming myself to what has been hitherto practised and to the imperial capitulations, I give this imperial and august sign to the said William Wilkinson, and I ordain that he shall have henceforward the power of exercising the functions of British Consul in the aforesaid principalities; that he shall, according to the imperial capitulations, have to direct the public affairs of the English in Wallachia and Moldavia, and give every assistance with regard to the expedition of couriers and dispatches to and from England. All individuals, subjects of Great Britain, shall have to apply directly to him when they encounter difficulties in their affairs, and none must be permitted to depart from those Countries without being furnished with a passport from him.
It is not allowed that the servants of consuls be called upon to pay the capitation tax called Haratsh, nor the common contributions called Avariz, nor any of the arbitrary taxes and imposts levied under the name of Russumus, and Tekaléfi-Urfié. No one is permitted to demand of the consuls Haratsh or other contributions because they may have in their service slaves of the one or the other sex. No one shall molest them with regard to their private property, baggage, or provisions; and, according to former practice, they are exempted from custom-house and other duties for all such objects. And as consuls are the representatives of their governments, they shall never be arrested; their houses shall never be sealed, and no troops shall ever be quartered in them.
The abovementioned Consul, with his people and slaves, is therefore exempted from Haratsh, Avariz, Hassabié-Ahtshessi, and all other taxes, impositions, &c. If any one has a lawsuit with him, it shall be heard no where but at my Sublime Porte.
If the said Consul shall, at any time, wish to travel to any part of my dominions, he shall not be molested by any one, either going or coming, by sea or by land, in private houses or post-houses, neither for his baggage, equipages, or servants. Wherever he goes provisions shall be given him at the common prices of the market, and no one shall have to make the least difficulty. Wherever he may meet with danger he is at liberty to wear the Turkish dress with the white turban, as also any military dress with the sabre, bow and arrows, spurs, &c. The princes, governors, and other officers, not only shall not molest him, but shall likewise give him every assistance and attention.
All such as do not abide by these orders shall be punished accordingly. Every one is to conform himself to the Imperial capitulations, and to my glorious signature which prescribes submission; no contrary proceeding shall be permitted or tolerated.
Given at my Imperial residence of Constantinople the well-guarded, 24th Gemassielevel, 1229. (24th May, 1814.)
APPENDIX, No. 2.
Additional Articles to the Treaty signed at Kaïnargik, the 10th July, 1775, relating to Wallachia, Moldavia, &c.
The Court of Russia restores to the Sublime Porte the whole province of Bessarabba, with its fortified places, viz. Akkerman, Killia, Ismaïl, Bender, and the other towns and villages within that province; as well as the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, with the fortresses, capitals, towns, and villages belonging to them.
The Sublime Porte, in taking possession of them, solemnly engages to observe the following conditions, without the least deviation:—
1st. To acknowledge and maintain the constitutions of the two principalities, the established customs, rank, dignities, property, and churches of the two nations, without any exception whatever: to give them total amnesty and pardon conformably to the 1st article of the general treaty: to leave unmolested all such persons as have not remained faithful to the Ottoman interest; to admit them to their former ranks, and to restore to them any property and possessions they had previous to the war.
2d. To oppose no sort of difficulty to the free exercise of the Christian religion in the said principalities, nor to the repair or construction of churches and other buildings.
3d. To restore to the monasteries in the neighbourhood of Ibraïl, Hotim, and Bender, all the property belonging to them, and which had, contrary to justice, been taken from them.
4th. To acknowledge and bear all due regard to the ecclesiastical order.
5th. To permit those families and individuals who have any desire of retiring to Russia, or elsewhere, to depart freely with their moveable property, and to allow them a year’s time previous to such departure that they may settle their affairs in the country.
6th. To renounce entirely the payment of old accounts, for whatever relates to former contributions.
7th. To claim no tribute from the inhabitants of the said province and principalities for the space of time that they have been occupied by the Russians, and in consideration of the losses and sufferings sustained by them on account of the war, to claim no sort of tribute from them for the space of two years after the date of the treaty.
8th. The Porte engages to show every regard and humanity to the inhabitants of the said countries, at and after the expiration of the term mentioned in the 7th article, relative to the tribute and taxes which they shall then be called upon to pay, and will neither suffer nor permit any Pasha or other person, to oppress and molest them after the payment of the ordinary tribute. And also to allow them the free and entire exercise of the privileges they enjoyed during the reign of Sultan Mehmet 4th, father to the present Sultan. And the Porte shall permit the Hospodars of Wallachia and Moldavia to have one or more public agents to reside at Constantinople, Greeks by nation or religion, who shall have to transact the affairs of the princes; and not only consents to acknowledge and treat with them, but also promises to observe in them the privileges due to persons who treat public rights and interests, and are not under the controul of power.
The Sublime Porte also acknowledges and admits, that the Russian ministers residing at Constantinople, shall have the right of interfering in behalf of the affairs of the two principalities abovementioned, and engages to pay every regard to their representations.[[45]]
APPENDIX, No. 3.
Extracts of Two Letters written from Bukorest to Mr. Wilkinson, in London, containing the particulars of Prince Caradga’s fight from Wallachia.
On the 7th instant (October, 1818), a messenger arrived in three days from Constantinople to the Prince, and in the course of the same day, a report was circulated all over the town, that the prince was preparing to depart. On the following morning the Postelnik Vlaccuzzi, with his wife[[46]] and family, was seen to go out of town in a travelling carriage, and great preparations of departure being continued at court, the rumours increased, and people began to be alarmed.
On Sunday the 11th, after the accustomed ceremonial at court of the Turkish Baïram, the prince conferred titles on several persons, and made changes in the public offices. In the afternoon he accompanied the funeral procession of the old Bann Golesko, and on his return home, he called the Spathar Balliano, the Aga Vakaresko, and a few others into his closet, and informed them that his life being in danger if he continued longer in the country, he was on the point of departure. He recommended a good police regulation to maintain order and tranquillity, and he named a provisional government composed of the metropolitan, Brancovano, and Samourkash, whom he instructed to act during his absence, until the Porte should determine on new measures of administration. He also sent for the Russian Consul-General Mr. Pini, and after having prevailed on him to take charge of such private concerns as he had not had time to settle, he took a friendly leave of them all, and got into his ordinary calèche, attended by two servants only, as if going to take his usual evening drive. He repaired to Banessa, where he was joined by the princess his wife, the princess Rallou his daughter, and her husband the Bann Argiropulo, the young prince Constantine, the Postelnik Mavrocordato, the Aga Vlangalli, and a few servants, who were all waiting with travelling carriages and post-horses, baggage, &c. They all set out together, and at a mile’s distance from Banessa, they were joined by four hundred Albanians, (the prince’s body-guards) well mounted and well armed. They directed their course to Kronstadt in Transylvania, where they arrived in safety, after four days journey, and were well received by the Austrian General commanding on the frontiers.
The four hundred guards were sent back, and the Prince, whilst on the road, transmitted various orders to the provisional government, as if he continued to be the only chief of the country.
It is said he will not stop long at Kronstadt, but will proceed on to Switzerland, where he intends to fix his abode.
Immediately after his departure, the Russian consul placed the imperial seal on all the apartments of the court, some of which contained furniture, and other articles of much value, after which he laid a formal sequester upon the Prince’s private property, under the plea that he had left unpaid several debts to Russian merchants.
All the Boyars assembled on the 12th, and wrote to the Porte the particulars of this unexpected event, they have since held several deliberations, and have finally agreed to send a petition to the Sultan, representing all the miseries to which they were exposed under the administration of Greek Princes, praying that he would henceforward confide the government of the principality to the Divan alone, and engaging themselves to observe faithfully all the conditions that have been hitherto prescribed to the Hospodars. We are now waiting with anxiety to learn the nature of the measures that the Porte will deem most proper to adopt, and the moment is of no small importance to the fate of this country. Meanwhile we live under continual apprehension that the Turkish Pashahs of the neighbourhood may take upon themselves to send troops in order to occupy the country, a circumstance which, instead of producing the good effects of precaution, will throw every thing into confusion and disorder, and frighten away a great number of families, who, in that expectation, are already making preparations to retire into Transylvania and Moldavia.
10th December.—Every thing went on quietly. The Sultan, after deliberating in his council on the subject of the Boyars’ petition, has refused to comply with their demand, and has appointed Prince Alexander Sutzo new Hospodar of Wallachia. His Caïmacams have already arrived, and have taken the momentary direction of public affairs. We know for certain that Prince Caradja, who has left Kronstadt, will fix his residence at Geneva.
APPENDIX, No. 4.
Derivation of various words in the Wallachian or Moldavian language, from the Latin, Italian, Greek, and Turkish.
| Wallachian. | Latin. | English. |
|---|---|---|
| Domno | Dominus | Lord. |
| Formos | Formosus | Handsome. |
| Massa | Mensa | Table. |
| Cappo | Caput | Head. |
| Venat | Venatio | Game. |
| Vorba | Verbum | Word. |
| Alb | Albus | White. |
| Sunt | Sunt | I am. |
| Lacrymæ | Lacrymæ | Tears. |
| Bunn | Bonus | Good. |
| Respuns | Responsum | Answer. |
| Pallatur | Palatium | Palace. |
| Pescator | Piscator | Fisher. |
| Pritshep | Percipio | I understand. |
| Luminar | Lume | Light. |
| Locul | Locus | Place. |
| Dzio | Dies | Day. |
| Degete | Digiti | Fingers. |
| Negro | Negrum | Black. |
| Nushtio | Nescio | I know not. |
| Scamn | Scamnum | Chair. |
| Vitric | Vitricus | Glass. |
| Incep | Incipio | I begin. |
| Ris | Ris | To laugh. |
| Böo | Bos | An Ox. |
| Parinte | Parens | Parents. |
| Unde | Unde | Where. |
| Cum | Cum | With. |
| Wallachian. | Italian. | English. |
|---|---|---|
| Luna | Luna | Moon. |
| Firestra | Finestra | Window. |
| Fier | Ferro | Iron. |
| Porta | Porta | Door. |
| Ochi | Ochi | Eyes. |
| Limba | Lingua | Tongue. |
| Puine | Pane | Bread. |
| Appa | Aqua | Water. |
| Mancare | Manggiare | To eat. |
| Nopte | Notti | Night. |
| Muna | Mano | Hand. |
| Frunte | Fronte | Forehead. |
| Dintz | Denti | Teeth. |
| Camascia | Camicia | Shirt. |
| Bine | Bene | Well. |
| Ann | Anno | Year. |
| Acro | Acro | Sour. |
| Argint | Argento | Silver. |
| Aür | Oro | Gold. |
| Peshte | Pesce | Fish. |
| Naz | Naso | Nose. |
| Occit | Accetto | Vinegar. |
| Pace | Pace | Peace. |
| Amavut | Ho avuto | I have had. |
| Ce fatshe | Che fate? | What are you doing? |
| Dorm | Dormo | I sleep. |
| Battut | Battuto | Beaten. |
| Cal | Cavallo | Horse. |
| Clappon | Cappone | Capon. |
| Tsara | Terra | Land. |
| Dattor | Debitore | Debtor. |
| Dinderet | Di dietro | Backwards. |
| Drept | Dritto | Right. |
| Dreptate | Rectitudine | Rectitude. |
| Disfacut | Disfatto | Undone. |
| Morte | Morte | Death. |
| Greo | Grave | Grave. |
| Genuchi | Ginschia | Knees. |
| Cuïna | Cucina | Kitchen. |
| Fericit | Felice | Happy. |
| Nefericit | Infelice | Unhappy. |
| Cumper | Comprare | To purchase, |
| Unire | Unire | To unite. |
| Vin | Vino | Wine. |
| Vie | Vigna | Vineyard. |
| Mio | Mio | Mine. |
| Cassa | Casa | House. |
| Miere | Mielle | Honey. |
| Place | Piace | To please. |
| Remast | Rimasto | To remain. |
| Pling | Piango | To weep. |
| Gustare | Gustare | To taste. |
| Viatsa | Vita | Life. |
| Striga | Strilla | To scream. |
| Stregoica | Strega | A witch. |
| Inghietsit | Inghiottito | To swallow. |
| Agiun | Digiuno | Fasting. |
| Dulce | Dolce | Sweet. |
| Amar | Amaro | Bitter. |
| Musica | Musica | Music. |
| Fuoc | Fuocco | Fire. |
| Dulceazza | Dolcezza | Sweet-meats. |
| Kimpo-lung | Campo-lango | Long-field. |
| Wallachian Numerals:—uno, doï, tre, patro, cintsh, shasse, shapte, aht, noo, zece. | ||
| Italian Numerals:—uno, due, tre, quattro, cinque, sei, sette, otto, nove, dieu. | ||
| Ce hai scris? | Cosa hai scritto? | What have you written? |
| N’hai faccutto bine. | Non hai fatto bene. | It is not well done. |
| Adam parinte al nostro ha peccattuit. | Adam padrie nostro ha peccatto. | Our father Adam has sinned. |
| Christos ha patsit pentro peccattele nostre. | Christo ha patito per li peccati nostri. | Christ has suffered for our sins. |
| Voi se intra la shola. | Voglio intrar ’nella schola. | I wish to enter the school. |
| Ha perdutt viatza. | Ha perduto la vita. | He has lost his life. |
| Wallachian. | Modern Greek. | English. |
|---|---|---|
| Pajoss | πεζός | Pedestrian. |
| Sindrofia | σινδροφία | Company. |
| Daskal | δάσκαλος | Tutor, or rather School-master. |
| Affanissit | αφανισμένος | Ruined. |
| Ha costissit | εκόστισεν | The cost in a purchase. |
| Peristassis | περίστασις | Circumstance. |
| Ifos | ύφος | Arrogance. |
| Procopsit | προκομένος | a clever man. |
| Pnevma | πνεύμα | Wit. |
| Katandissit | κατανδισμένος | reduced in circumstances. |
| Droom | δρόμος | Road. |
| M’am aposessit | απόρεσα | I was astonished. |
| Zahar | ζάχαρι | Sugar. |
| Pethepsit | πεδευμένος | Punished. |
| Kindin | κίνδινο | Risk or danger. |
| Periorissit | περιορισμένος | Engaged. |
| Thiazeeon | διαζίων | Act of divorce. |
| Yeftin | φθινό | Cheap. |
| Tropos | τρόπος | Means. |
| Mere | μίλα | Apples. |
| Ipokeemen | υποχίνενος | An individual. |
| Thiathisis | διάθισις | a strong desire. |
| Proerisis | προέρισις | Inclination. |
| Simandicos | σιμανδιχός | a person of note. |
| Staré | στάσιμον | State, or situation. |
| Kivernisis | χιβέρνισις | a living. |
| Wallachian. | Turkish. | English. |
|---|---|---|
| Perdé | Perdé | Curtain |
| Duckian | Duckian | Shop |
| Chismé | Chismé | Boots. |
| Paputsh | Paputsh | Shoes. |
| Chiorap | Chiorap | Stockings. |
| Shapka | Shapka | Hat. |
| Ocka | Ocka | an Oke (weight). |
| Dram | Dram | a Dram. |
| Massalla | Mashalla | a Flambeau. |