INDEX

'Accommodation,' first steamer built in Canada, [130-2].

Allan, Andrew, with his brother Hugh founds the Allan Line, [145], [146].

Allan, Sir Hugh, founds the first Canadian transatlantic line of steamers, [145], [146-8].

America, looked upon as an obstruction to navigation, [46]. See United States.

American Independence, antagonism of foreign navies to Britain a decisive factor in accomplishing, [180].

Arctic exploration, [14], [41].

'Ariel,' in famous clipper race, [103].

Australia and the British Navy, [183], [185].

Aylmer, Lord, at the launching of the 'Royal William,' [140]

Bacon, Lord, on the Canadian fisheries, [15].

Baffin, William, his record 'Farthest North,' [55].

Barge, the, [27].

Basque fishermen, in the St Lawrence, [165].

Bateau, the, [27-8].

'Bavarian,' first Atlantic liner entirely built of steel, [148].

Bayfield, Admiral, makes surveys in Canadian waters, [178].

Beaulieu, François, a voyageur with Mackenzie, [17].

Bennett and Henderson, a firm of engineers, [140].

Black Ball Line, conditions under the, [94].

Black, George, a shipbuilder at Quebec, [139].

Black Taylor, befitting end of, [94-5].

Bluenose craft, [63], [71]; get a bad name, [77]; building of, [82]; crews of, [92-3]; discipline on, [97-100]; under sail, [100], [101], [103-4], [113-28].

Boat, the, [26-7], [28-30].

Boston, reception of the 'Royal William' at, [142].

Bougainville, Comte de, French navigator, [13].

Boulton and Watt, firm of engineers, [130], [132], [135].

'Britannia,' the first Cunarder to arrive in Canada, [145].

British Columbia, fisheries of, [159].

British mercantile marine, [7-8], [12]. See Great Britain.

British peoples, sea terms in speech of, [8-9].

British crews, a comparison with Yankees, [95], [97].

Bruce, John, builds first Canadian steamer, [130-1].

'Brunelle,' her speed, [79].

Bryce, James, British ambassador at Washington, [6].

Cabot, John, his voyage to America, [45], [46]; his ship, [48-9].

California, rush of vessels to, [74].

Campbell, John Saxton, shipowner in Quebec, [139].

Canada, waters of, [1-4], [7]; troubles over water frontiers of, [4-6]; her importance in international questions, [5-6]; a comparison with Russia, [7]; her position in the British Empire, [7-8]; her dependence on the mercantile marine, [11]; ignorance in concerning naval history, [13-14]; her fisheries, [14], [155-9], [161-4]; evolution of sailing craft in, [15]; her trade relations with West Indies and France, [60], [62]; her prosperity under Navigation Laws, [68], [69]; some disturbing factors in her shipping trade, [73-4]; becomes a great shipping centre, [75-6], [129-30]; decline of shipbuilding in, [76], [80-1]; her position at Lloyd's, [77-9], [175]; some notable craft, [79-80]; five principal features of Canadian steamship history, [151]; her naval policy, [180-1], [182], [183-8].

'Canada,' the largest and fastest steamer of her time, [135].

Canada Steamship Lines Limited, [150].

'Canadian,' the first Allan Line steamer, [147].

Canadian Militia Act, the, [181].

Canadian Pacific Railway, its fleets of steamers, [148], [150-151].

Canadians, some sea terms in speech of, [8-9].

Canoe: Indian, [15], [16]; birch-bark, [17], [18], [20-4]; Canadian, [25]; keeled,

[25-6]; gives place to the boat, [28-30]; a voyage in, [33-6].

Cape Horn, a voyage round, [119-28].

Cartier, Jacques, in the Gulf, [16], [46]; compared with modern hydrographers, [47], [177]; his ship, [48-9].

Champlain, Samuel de, [30]; first to advocate the Panama Canal, [54]; his record voyage, [55], [101-2], [177].

Chanties, the seaman's working songs, [110-13], [128].

'Charlotte Dundas,' pioneer steamer, [130].

'Clermont,' an early steamer, [130].

Clippers, a race with, from China to London, [102-3].

Colbert, Jean Baptiste, the great French minister, [57], [59], [60].

Conquest, importance of the Navy in the, [13].

Cook, Captain, British navigator, [14]; makes a survey of the St Lawrence and Gulf, [177-8].

Coureurs de bois, the, [32].

Cunard brothers, merchants in Halifax, [138], [145], [146].

Cunard, Samuel, founds the Cunard Line, [145-6].

Derby, Elias, the first American millionaire, [70].

Devonshire ships, annual round of, [67].

'Don de Dieu,' Champlain's ship, [55].

Dory, the, [27]; the schooner's tender, [159-61].

Drake, Sir Francis, sails round the world, [52].

'Dreadnought,' her record run, [102].

Dug-out, the, [18], [19-20].

Durham boat, the, [27-8].

East India Docks in London, famous clipper race to, [102-3].

Egyptians, as shipbuilders, [49], [50], [86].

'Empress of Ireland,' loss of, with over a thousand lives, off Rimouski, [151].

English-speaking people, sea terms in speech of, [8-9].

Eskimos, and whaling, [164].

Fletcher of Rye, his nautical invention, [46-7], [50].

Fort Langley, Simpson reaches, [40].

Fort St James, Simpson's royal progress at, [39-40].

French Canadians, sea terms in speech of, [10]; and whaling, [58-9], [164].

'Frontenac,' the, on the Great Lakes, [135].

Fur trade under the French and the British, [31-3]; voyages in connection with, [33], [37-40].

'Galiote,' the, built by the Sovereign Council, [59].

George V, his voyage across the Atlantic, [102].

Germany, her navy, [182-3], [187].

Goudie, James, builder of the 'Royal William,' [137-8], [139], [141].

'Grace Carter,' her record trip, [102].

'Grande Hermine,' Cartier's ship, [49], [50].

Grand Portage, the, [31].

Great Britain, preponderance of her ships, [7-8], [51]; her command of the sea, [15], [53], [56-7], [73], [76], [102], [177]; weakness of her Board of Trade regulations, [99]; her tonnage under construction in 1913, [153]; her consular service for Canada, [176]; colonial contributions to the Royal Navy, [183-8].

Great Lakes, why called, [1]; the first vessel on, [60]; trade on, [71-3].

'Great Republic,' her canvas, [105].

Grenfell, Dr, in Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen, [172].

Halifax, lumbering and shipbuilding at, [70]; privateers of, [182].

'Hamilton Campbell Kidston,' a famous ship, [80].

Hare, Dr, in Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen, [172].

Hell ships, [94-5], [98].

Hennepin, Father, his description of 'Le Griffon,' [61].

Henry, John, a Quebec founder, [137-8].

Henry, Commodore, and the 'Royal William,' [143].

'Hercules,' a tug, [134].

Hudson Bay, conflicts between French and British in, [62-3]; place for fur, [64].

Hudson's Bay Company, its maritime trade, [63].

Hundred Years' War, the second, [56].

Hurricane, a ship in a, [120-7].

Iberville, the French naval hero of Canada, [63], [179].

Indians, and whaling, [164].

Jackson, John, engines the first Canadian steamer, [131].

Japan, her naval victory at Tsu-shima, [183].

Jefferys' map of the French dominions in America, [28-9].

'Jemsetgee Cursetgee,' built at Moncton, [80].

Kayaks of the Eskimos, the, [15], [24-5]

Kingston, shipping at, [72].

'Konstanz,' longevity of the, [79].

Labrador, British supremacy at, [63], [67].

Lachine Canal, [135].

'Lady Washington,' curious history of the, [73].

Lake Erie, shipping on, [72-73].

Larboard, origin of word, [118].

La Salle, builds the 'Le Griffon,' [60].

'Lasca,' her record trip, [102].

'Le Griffon,' her short career, [60-1], [180].

Leif Ericson, a Norse explorer, [41], [45].

'Lightning,' her record run, [103].

Lloyd's, and Canadian shipping, [77-8]; composition and method of, [174-5].

Log, the simplest type of craft, [17-18].

Louisbourg, a universal port of call, [62].

Macdonald, Archibald, his account of Simpson's canoe voyage, [39], [40].

M'Dougall, John, master of the 'Royal William,' [137-8], [142-3].

M'Gillivray, with Simpson at Fort St James, [40].

M'Kay, Donald, a shipbuilder of Boston, [103].

Mackenzie, Alexander, his achievement with a canoe, [16-17].

Mackenzie, a shipbuilder at Pictou, [79-80].

Mackinaw boat, the, [37].

Marine and Fisheries Department in Canada, [175-7].

Marine insurance, [173-5].

'Mary,' her cargo to and from Quebec, [64-5].

Mercantile marine, importance of, [12].

Molson, John, owner of the first Canadian steamer, [130-1], [132-3]; his first tender to supply steamer transport for military purposes, [133-4].

Monroe Doctrine, the, [186].

Montreal, position of, [2]; furs collected at, [71].

Nantucket Island, British whaling at, [58].

Nascaupees, and the fur trade, [33].

Naval architecture, improvement of, [66].

Naval history, ignorance concerning, [13-14].

Navigation laws, the, [68-9]; repealed, [74].

New Brunswick, shipbuilding in, [75-6].

Newfoundland, [2]; in relation to Canada, [5]; and knowledge of the sea, [12]; boats of various countries at, [51]; British supremacy at, [63], [64]; fisheries of, [155], [157-8].

New France, nautical history of, [54] note; nautical advantages of, [58].

New Zealand, and the British Navy, [183], [185].

Norsemen. See Norwegians.

Norway House, field headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company, [38], [39].

Norwegians, seamanship of, [12], [44-5]; and whaling, [168-9].

Nova Scotia, shipbuilding in, [75]; whalers of, [165]. See Bluenose craft.

'Ontario,' founders in Lake Ontario, [71], [135].

Oomiak, the Eskimo cargo boat, [25].

Paddling, the art of, [34].

Paddock, Ichabod, a whaling master at Cape Cod, [58].

'Parisian,' the first steamer to be fitted with bilge keels, [148].

'Pélican,' d'Iberville's ship, [63].

Perel, Captain John, his ship wrecked in attempt to establish trade with New France, [64].

Pett, Phineas, ship designer, [56].

'Phoenix,' her record, [136].

Pont-Gravé, builds two vessels in Canada, [59].

Pork-eaters, [31-2].

Portuguese, ships of, [53].

Provincial marine, the, [181].

Punt, the, [27].

Quebec, shipbuilding at, [71], [75]; and the launching of the 'Royal William,' [139-40].

Quebec and Halifax Navigation Company, builds the 'Royal William,' [138].

Queenston, trade at, [72].

Raft, the, [18-19].

Raleigh, Sir Walter, on striking topmasts, [53].

Rapids, running of, [35-6].

'R. C. Rickmers,' the largest sailing ship in the world, [105].

Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, [148-50].

Rideau Canal, [136].

Ross, firm of shipbuilders at Quebec, [79].

Royal National Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen, its good work, [172].

Royal Navy. See under Great Britain.

'Royal William,' first steamer to cross the Atlantic entirely under steam, [136-43]; first steamer to fire a shot in action, [143-4]; her records, [144-5].

Sailing craft, three types of, [17-37], [129-30]. See under names of craft.

Sails: the simple square of the Vikings, [43-4]; invention of the fore-and-aft-trimmed sails, [46-7], [50], [65-7]; sails of a ship, [105-7]; setting and trimming, [107-9], [127]; in a squall, [109-10]; in an Antarctic hurricane, [120-5].

St Charles river, shipbuilding yards at, [61].

'St Jean,' wrecked on Anticosti, [64].

'St John,' first steamer in Canadian salt water, [136].

St Lawrence river system, [1-3]; and France, [63].

St Lawrence Steamboat Company, [134-5].

Saint-Onge, Roberval's pilot, [51].

Salter Brothers, shipbuilders at Moncton, [80].

'Santa Maria,' Columbus's ship, [49-50].

'Savannah,' her claims disproved, [136-7], [141].

Schooner, handiness of the, [159], [161].

Seamen's Institutes, benefit of, [171-2].

Seppings, Sir Robert, chief constructor of the Navy, [85], [86].

Shipbuilding: in Canada, [14], [59-60], [61]; comparison between English and French, [57]; construction and launching of a ship, [82-91], [153-4].

Shipping, in the eighteenth century, [69-70]; in the nineteenth, [74-5].

Ships, short terms designating the nationality of, [93].

Simpson, Sir George, governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, [29], [36]; his tour of inspection, [37-40].

'Sophia,' her record trip, [72].

South Africa and the British Navy, [183], [185].

Sovereign of the Seas,' surpasses all records, [56].

Sovereign Council of New France, builds the 'Galiote,' [59].

Spain, her Armada, [52]; superiority of her ships, [53].

Squall, how to manage a ship in a, [109-10].

Starboard, origin of word, [118].

Steam craft, types of, [151-2].

Steam-engine, development of, [153].

Steering a ship, [119-20].

'Swiftsure,' an early steamer in Canada, [132-3].

'Taeping,' wins famous clipper race, [103].

Talon, Jean, encourages shipbuilding in Canada, [59-60].

Teabout, Henry, an American shipbuilder in Canada, [135].

Torrance Line, the, [135].

'Tug, The,' first towboat in the world, [134].

Tug, the handiest all-round craft, [151-2].

United Empire Loyalists, settle in Maritime Provinces, [70-71].

United States, her tonnage threatens British supremacy, [53], [74]; navy of, [183].

Vancouver, George, navigates the Pacific coast, [178].

Vetch, Samuel, son of an Edinburgh minister, his misfortune, [65].

'Victoria,' a cruise on the, [103-104], [113-28].

'Victorian,' a turbine steamer, [148].

'Victory,' the, Nelson's ship, [79].

Vikings, voyages of the, [41-42]; their ships, [42-5], [48], [66], [67].

'Virginian,' a turbine steamer, [148].

Voyageurs, the, [28], [31-2]; in conjunction with the Indians, [32-3]; Sir George Simpson on, [38], [39].

War of 1812, effect of on Canadian shipping trade, [71-72], [73]; effect of American naval victories in the, [180]; and Halifax privateers, [182].

Watt, James, improver of the steam-engine, [130].

Welland Canal, [135].

Welsh ships, annual round of, [67].

Whaling, development and dangers of, [163-70].

Winds, different, [105].

Yankee clippers, superiority of, [95-6]; crews of, [96-7].

Yankees, and whaling, [168].

York boat, the, [36].

York Factory, Sir George Simpson's tour from, [38-9].