La Navidad en las Montañas

by Ignacio Manuel Altamirano

VOCABULARY

Many cognates are omitted. The student should bear in mind that the termination #-ción# = -tion, #-dad# = -ty, and #-mente# = -ly.

#A#

#a#, to (before a personal acc. not to be translated).

#abandonar#, to abandon.

#abatido, -a#, dejected, spiritless.

#abeja#, f. bee.

#abeto#, m. fir, hemlock.

#abismo#, m. abyss.

#abogar#, to plead for, advocate.

#abolir#, to abolish.

#abominar#, to hate, detest.

#aborrecer#, to hate, abhor.

#abrazar#, to embrace.

#abrazo#, m. embrace.

#abrigar#, to cherish, shelter, protect.

#abrigo#, m. shelter.

#abrir#, to open.

#absoluto, -a#, absolute.

#absorber#, to absorb.

#absorto, -a#, absorbed.

#acabar#, to finish, end; #— de# + inf., just.

#acariciado, -a#, cherished.

#acarrear# (fig.), to cause.

#acaso#, perhaps.

#acento#, m. accent.

#acentuado, -a#, defined; #enérgicamente —#, clear cut.

#aceptar#, to accept.

#acercar(se)#, to approach, bring together.

#acérquese#, impv. of #acercarse#.

#acertar#, to happen.

#acólito#, m. acolyte.

#acomodado, -a#, well-to-do.

#acomodarse#, to make oneself comfortable.

#acompañar#, to accompany.

#acompasado, -a#, measured.

#aconsejar#, to advise.

#acordarse#, to remember.

#acostumbrar#, to accustom.

#acrisolado, -a#, refined, purified.

#actitud#, f. attitude.

#actual#, present.

#acuartelar#, to quarter troops.

#acudir#, to run to, come to.

#acuerdo#, m. agreement; #de —#, unanimously.

#adecuado, -a#, adequate.

#adelantar#, to advance.

#además#, moreover, besides.

#adherir#, to hold.

#adiós#, good-bye.

#adivinar#, to guess.

#admirar(se)#, to admire, be surprised.

#adonde#, where.

#adorar#, to adore.

#adornar#, to adorn.

#adorno#, m. decoration.

#adquirir#, to acquire.

#adulto#, m. adult.

#advertir#, to observe, give notice; #—se#, to show.

#advierto#, pres. ind. of #advertir#.

#advirtiese#, impf. subj. of #advertir#.

#afán#, m. eagerness, effort.

#afecto#, m. affection.

#afectuosamente#, affectionately.

#afectuosidad#, f. affection, kindly interest.

#afectuoso, -a,# affectionate.

#afición#, f. fondness, inclination.

#aflicción#, f. sadness.

#afligir#, to afflict, cause pain.

#afortunado, -a#, fortunate.

#agasajar#, to receive and treat kindly.

#agilidad#, f. agility.

#agitar(se)#, to agitate, flutter, shake up.

#aglomeración#, f. conglomeration.

#agobiar#, to bend; (fig.) oppress.

#agraciado, -a#, graceful, pleasing.

#agradabilísimo, -a#, abs. super. of #agradable#.

#agradable#, agreeable, pleasant.

#agradar#, to please.

#agradecimiento#, m. gratitude.

#agregarse#, to add.

#agreste#, wild.

#agrícola#, agricultural.

#agrupar#, to group.

#agua#, f. water.

#aguardar#, to wait (for).

#aguardiente#, m. brandy.

#agudo, -a#, acute, sharp, pointed.

#aguileño, -a# aquiline.

#ahí#, there, yonder.

#ahora#, now.

#aire#, m. air.

#ajusticiar#, to put to death.

#al#, contraction of #a el#. Before an inf. to be trans. with a time clause, or on + a pres. part.

#ala#, f. wing; #—s del corazón,# auricles of the heart.

#alargar#, to stretch out.

#alargue#, pres. subj. of #alargar#.

#alarmar#, to alarm.

#alba#, f. dawn; white gown (worn by priest).

#albaricoquero#, m. apricot tree.

#álbum#, m. supplement (of a newspaper).

#alcalde#, m. mayor.

#alcanzar#, to reach, succeed.

#aldea#, f. village.

#aldeano#, m. villager.

#alegrar(se)#, to gladden; be pleased, make merry.

#alegre#, bright, happy.

#alegremente#, happily.

#alegría#, f. mirth, happiness.

#alegrísimo, -a#, abs. super. of #alegre#.

#alejamiento#, m. distance.

#alejar#, to send away.

#alejarse#, to leave, go away.

#alfombra#, f. carpet.

#alfombrar#, to carpet.

#algo#, something; #— mío#, something of mine.

#alguien#, somebody.

#alguno, -a#, some, any.

#aligerar#, to alleviate.

#alimentación#, f. nutrition.

#alimentar#, to feed.

#alimento#, m. food.

#aliviado, -a#, relieved, improved.

#alma#, f. soul.

#almendro#, m. almond tree.

#almud#, m. almud (measure of grain and dry fruit).

#alojamiento#, m. lodging.

#alternar#, to alternate.

#altisonante#, high-sounding.

#altivo, -a#, high, lofty, proud.

#alto, -a#, high, tall; (noun) m. halt, stop.

#altura#, f. height.

#alumbrar#, to illumine.

#alumno#, m. pupil.

#alusión#, f. allusion.

#alzar#, to raise.

#allá#, there.

#allí#, there.

#amanecer#, to dawn.

#amante#, m. lover.

#amar#, to love.

#amargo, -a#, bitter.

#amarrar#, to tie, fasten.

#ambulante#, wandering.

#amenazar#, to threaten.

#amigo#, m. friend.

#amistad#, f. friendship.

#amoldarse#, to mold.

#amor#, m. love, glow (of a fire); #— propio#, self-respect, pride; #en buen —#, in harmony.

#amoroso, -a#, loving.

#amplio, -a#, ample, roomy.

#anciano, -a#, old person.

#andar#, to go.

#ángel#, m. angel.

#angelito#, dim. of #ángel#.

#angustia#, f. anguish.

#animar#, to enliven.

#ánimo#, m. mind.

#ante#, before.

#antemano#, beforehand.

#antes#, before, years ago.

#antevíspera#, f. night before, eve.

#anticipar#, to mention beforehand.

#antigüedad#, f. antiquity.

#antiguo, -a#, ancient, old, former.

#anunciar#, to announce.

#añadir#, to add.

#año#, m. year.

#apacentar#, to graze, pasture.

#aparador#, m. show window.

#aparecer#, to appear.

#aparentar#, to pretend.

#apartar(se)#, to remove, withdraw.

#aparte (de)#, aside (from).

#apasionado, -a#, passionate.

#apearse#, to dismount.

#apenas#, hardly.

#apesadumbrarse#, to be discouraged.

#apetitoso, -a#, palatable.

#apiadarse#, to have pity on.

#aplaudir#, to applaud.

#aplauso#, m. applause.

#aplicar#, to apply.

#apoderarse#, to take possession of.

#apóstol,# m. apostle.

#apostólico, -a#, apostolic.

#apoyar#, to lean.

#apreciar#, to appreciate.

#aprehender#, to seize.

#aprender#, to learn.

#apresuradamente#, hastily.

#apresurarse#, to hasten, hurry.

#apretar#, to press; #— la mano#, to shake hands.

#aprobar#, to approve.

#aprovechar#, to improve, make the most of.

#aquí#, here.

#arbitraje#, m. arbitration.

#árbol#, m. tree.

#arder#, to burn.

#ardiente#, ardent, hot.

#arenga#, f. harangue, speech.

#árido, -a#, arid.

#arma#, f. weapon, arms.

#armonía#, f. harmony.

#armonioso, -a#, harmonious.

#aroma#, m. aroma.

#aromático, -a#, aromatic.

#arpa#, f. harp.

#arpista#, m. harpist.

#arquitectura#, f. architecture.

#arraigar#, to root.

#arranque#, m. sudden impulse, impetuousness.

#arrastrar#, to drag along.

#arreglar#, to arrange.

#arreglarse#, to get ready.

#arreglo#, m. rule, order; #con — a#, according to.

#arrendar#, to rent.

#arrodillarse#, to kneel.

#arrojar#, to throw.

#arroyo#, m. stream.

#arruga#, f. line, wrinkle.

#arte#, m. and f. art, skill.

#artesano#, m. artisan.

#ascender#, to ascend.

#aseado, -a#, clean.

#asediar#, to besiege.

#asegurar#, to assure, affirm.

#asesino#, m. assassin, murderer.

#asesorar#, to give advice.

#así#, thus, equally.

#asiento#, m. seat.

#asistente#, m. person present.

#asistir#, to be present at.

#asolar#, to devastate.

#asomar#, to show, put out.

#asombroso, -a#, wonderful, amazing.

#aspecto#, m. aspect.

#aspirar#, to breathe, inhale, aspire.

#asunto#, m. affair.

#asustar#, to frighten.

#atacar#, to attack.

#atado, -a#, tied.

#atentamente#, attentively.

#atenuar#, to diminish.

#aterciopelado, -a#, velvety.

#aterido, -a#, benumbed.

#atizar#, to poke, stir up.

#atónito, -a,# astonished.

#atormentar#, to torment.

#atractivo#, m. charm, grace.

#atraer#, to attract.

#atraigo#, pres. ind. of #atraer#.

#atrajo#, pret. of #atraer#.

#atravesar#, to cross.

#atraviese#, pres. subj. of #atravesar#.

#atreverse#, to dare.

#atrevido, -a,# daring, bold.

#atrio#, m. courtyard.

#audaz#, bold, fearless.

#aullido#, m. howl.

#aumentar#, to augment.

#aun# or #aún#, even.

#aunque#, although.

#aureola#, f. halo.

#ausencia#, f. absence.

#autorizar(se)# to authorize.

#auxiliar#, to help, aid; (noun) m. assistant.

#auxilio#, m. help.

#avanzar#, to advance.

#ave#, f. bird.

#Ave María#, Hail Mary.

#avergonzado, -a,# ashamed.

#avergonzarse#, to be ashamed.

#averiguar#, to find out, ascertain.

#avisar#, to inform, notify.

#avivar#, to animate; —se, to revive.

#¡ay!# alas! ¡— de #mí#! poor me!

#ayuda#, f. help.

#ayudante#, m. helper.

#ayudar#, to help, aid.

#azul#, blue.

#B#

#bailar#, to dance.

#baile#, m. dance.

#bajar(se)#, to lower, descend.

#bajeza#, f. lowness, cringing.

#bajo, -a#, low.

#bajo#, under; #—el sentido de#, in the sense of.

#balsámico, -a,# balsamic.

#banco#, m. pew, bench.

#bandolina# (dim. of #bandola#), mandolin.

#banquete#, m. banquet.

#barandal#, m. railing.

#barba#, f. beard.

#barbarie#, f. barbarism.

#barranca#, f. ravine.

#basar#, to base.

#bastante#, enough, rather, quite a little.

#bastantemente#, sufficiently.

#bastar#, to be enough.

#bastón,# m. stick, cane.

#batallón,# m. batallion.

#batir#, to beat.

#bautizo#, m. baptism.

#beber#, to drink.

#bebida#, f. drink.

#Belén,# Bethlehem.

#belleza#, f. beauty.

#bellísimo, -a,# abs. super. of

#bello#.

#bello, -a,# beautiful, fine.

#bendecir#, to bless.

#bendito, -a,# blessed, holy.

#beneficio#, m. benefit, kind deed.

#benéfico, -a,# kind, beneficent.

#bermejo, -a#, red.

#besar#, to kiss.

#betabel# (Mex.), m. beet.

#bíblico, -a#, biblical.

#bien#, m. welfare, good; adv. well, much.

#bien que#, although.

#bienestar#, m. comfort, well-being.

#bienhechor, -ora#, beneficent.

#blanco, -a#, white; (noun) m. target.

#blando, -a#, soft.

#blandón#, m. large church candle.

#blanquísimo, -a#, abs. super. of #blanco#.

#boca#, f. mouth.

#bollo#, m. small biscuit or cake.

#bonachón, -ona#, kind, good-natured.

#bondad#, f. goodness, kindness.

#bondadoso, -a#, kind, benevolent.

#bonito, -a#, pretty.

#bordar#, to embroider.

#bosque#, m. forest.

#bosquejo#, m. sketch.

#botella#, f. bottle.

#bracito#, dim. of #brazo#.

#brazo#, m. arm.

#breve#, brief, short.

#Breve#, m. apostolic brief.

#brocado, -a#, embroidered, like brocade.

#bucólico, -a#, pastoral.

#bueno, -a#, good.

#buey#, m. ox.

#bullicio#, m. noise.

#bullicioso, -a#, noisy, busy.

#buñuelo#, m. fritter.

#burlar#, to make fun of.

#busca#, f. search.

#buscar#, to seek, look for.

#C#

#caballejo#, m. nag.

#caballo#, m. horse; #a —#, on horseback.

#cabaña#, f. cabin.

#cabellera#, f. long hair.

#cabello#, m. hair.

#caber#, to be contained in.

#cabeza#, f. head.

#cabo, m. end.

#cada#, each.

#caer#, to fall.

#caléndula#, f. marigold.

#calentar#, to warm.

#calidad#, f. quality, character.

#caliente#, hot, warm.

#calzar#, to put on shoes or gloves.

#callarse#, to be silent.

#calle#, f. street.

#callecita#, f. dim. of #calle#.

#cama#, f. bed.

#cambiar#, to change.

#cambio#, m. exchange.

#caminante#, m. traveler.

#caminar#, to go.

#camino#, m. road, way.

#camisa#, f. shirt, jacket.

#camorrista#, m. noisy, quarrelsome person.

#campana#, f. bell.

#campanario#, m. belfry.

#campaña,# f. campaign.

#campechano#, m. good fellow.

#campo#, m. field.

#candelabro#, m. candelabrum.

#candelero#, m. candlestick.

#canon#, m. canon, rule.

#cansado, -a,# tired.

#cansar#, to tire.

#cantador, -ora,# singing.

#cantar#, to sing; (noun) m. song (set to music).

#cantería,# f. hewn stone.

#cántico,# m. chant, song.

#cantidad#, f. quantity.

#canto#, m. song.

#cañón,# m. canyon.

#capaz#, capable.

#capilla#, f. chapel, small church.

#capitán,# m. captain.

#cara#, f. face.

#cárcel#, f. prison.

#carga#, f. burden.

#cargar#, to carry.

#cargo#, m. charge, burden.

#caricia#, f. caress.

#caridad#, f. charity, kindness.

#cariño#, m. affection.

#cariñosamente#, affectionately.

#carlista#, m. Carlist (of a political faction).

#carne#, f. meat.

#caro, -a,# dear.

#carrera#, f. career.

#carrillo#, m. cheek.

#casa#, f. house.

#casamiento#, m. marriage.

#casarse#, to marry.

#casi#, nearly, almost.

#casita#, f. dim. of #casa#.

#castaña#, f. chestnut.

#castaño#, m. chestnut tree.

#casualidad#, f. accident, chance.

#casulla#, f. outermost robe worn by a priest at mass.

#causa#, f. cause; #a —— de#, because of.

#causar#, to cause.

#cayado#, m. staff, shepherd's crook or hook.

#cazador#, m. hunter.

#cazar#, to hunt.

#ceguera#, f. blindness.

#celebrante#, m. priest celebrating the mass. #celebrar#, to celebrate.

#célebre#, celebrated.

#cena#, f. supper.

#cenar#, to dine, sup.

#ceniza#, f. ashes.

#centenar#, m. hundred.

#centro#, m. center.

#ceñir#, to gird, put on.

#cerca#, f. enclosure, hedge; adv. near. #cercado#, m. yard, enclosure.

#cercanía#, f. neighborhood.

#cercano, -a#, near by.

#cerciorarse#, to make sure.

#cerezo#, m. cherry tree.

#cesar#, to cease.

#cesto#, m. basket.

#ciego, -a#, blind; (noun) m. or f. blind person.

#cielo#, m. sky, heavens.

#cien, ciento#, one hundred (100).

#ciertamente#, certainly.

#cierto, -a#, certain.

#ciervo#, m. deer.

#cirio#, m. candle, taper.

#citado, -a#, mentioned.

#ciudad#, f. city.

#claridad#, f. clearness.

#claro, -a#, clear, evident.

#clavo#, m. nail.

#clérigo#, m. priest.

#clero#, m. clergy.

#clima#, m. climate.

#codicioso, -a#, greedy, covetous.

#colegio#, m. college.

#colgar#, to hang.

#colina#, f. hill.

#colocar#, to place.

#colosal#, colossal.

#columna# f. column.

#comarca#, f. district.

#combatir#, to attack, struggle.

#comedor#, m. dining room.

#comenzar#, to commence.

#comer#, to eat.

#comercio#, m. business.

#como#, as, like; #— que#, as, since; — + an expression of time, about.

#cómo#, why.

#comodidad#, f. comfort.

#compadecer#, to pity.

#compañero#, m. companion.

#compañía#, f. company.

#comparación#, f. comparison.

#compatriota#, m. fellow countryman.

#complacer#, to humor, take pleasure in.

#componer#, to compose.

#comprador#, m. buyer.

#comprender#, to understand.

#compuesto#, p.p. of #componer.#

#común#, common.

#comunicar#, to communicate.

#comuniqué#, pret. of #comunicar.#

#comúnmente#, generally.

#con#, with.

#conceder#, to grant.

#conciencia#, f. consciousness, conscience.

#concierto#, m. concert.

#concluir#, to finish; #—se#, to be finished.

#concluyeron#, pret. of #concluir.#

#concluyó#, pret. of #concluir.#

#concurrencia#, f. congregation, assembly.

#concurso#, m. congregation, crowd.

#condenar#, to sentence, condemn.

#conducir#, to conduct, carry.

#conducta#, f. behavior, conduct.

#confesión#, f. confession.

#confianza#, f. confidence, trust.

#confirmar#, to confirm.

#confitar#, to preserve.

#confitura#, f. sweetmeat, candied fruit.

#conforme#, consistent.

#conjunto#, m. aggregate, whole.

#conjurar(se)#, to ward off.

#conmigo#, with me.

#conmovedor, -ora#, touching.

#conmover#, to effect, touch.

#conmovido, -a#, touched.

#conocer#, to be acquainted with, know.

#conocimiento#, m. acquaintance; pl. knowledge.

#conozco#, pres. of #conocer#.

#conquistador#, m. conqueror; adj. conquering.

#conquistar#, to vanquish.

#consagrar#, to consecrate, devote.

#consecuencia#, f. consequence.

#conseguir#, to attain, get.

#consejero#, m. adviser.

#consejo#, m. advice.

#conservar#, to preserve.

#considerar#, to consider.

#consiguiente#, m. consequence; #por —#, consequently.

#consolar#, to console.

#constituir#, to form, constitute.

#constituyen#, pres. of #constituir#.

#construir#, to construct.

#consuelo#, m. consolation.

#consulta#, f. consultation.

#consultor#, m. adviser.

#consumir#, to consume.

#contar#, to tell, relate.

#contener#, to restrain.

#contentar#, to gratify, satisfy.

#contento, -a#, happy, pleased, satisfied, contented; (noun),m.. joy.

#contestación#, f. answer.

#contestar#, to answer.

#contigo#, with you.

#continuar#, to continue.

#contra#, against.

#contrariedad#, f. opposition.

#contrario, -a#, contrary; #al—#, or #por el —#, on the contrary.

#contrarrestar#, to resist, oppose.

#convencer#, to convince.

#conveniente#, expedient.

#convenir#, to be suitable.

#convertir#, to change, transform.

#convocar#, to call.

#copa#, f. top (of tree); wineglass, cup.

#copo#, m. flake (of snow).

#coposo, -a#, abundant in foliage.

#coquetamente#, prettily.

#corazón,# m. heart.

#cordero#, m. lamb.

#cordillera#, f. mountain range.

#coro#, m. choir.

#corona#, f. crown.

#coronar#, to crown.

#corral#, m. yard, corral.

#corrección#, f. correctness.

#corredor#, m. corridor.

#corregir#, to correct.

#correr#, to run; #— gallo#, to serenade;

#corre de la cuenta de alguien#, some one is responsible for.

#corresponder#, to reciprocate, love in return.

#corriente#, current, all right.

#corro#, m. group.

#cortejo#, m. homage.

#cortésmente#, courteously.

#cortina#, f. curtain.

#cosa#, f. thing; #tal —#, such a thing.

#cosecha#, f. harvest.

#costa#, f. cost.

#costado#, m. side.

#costoso, -a#, costly.

#costumbre#, f. custom, habit.

#creado, -a#, created.

#Creador#, m. Creator.

#creer#, to believe.

#crepuscular#, pertaining to twilight.

#cresta#, f. crest.

#criado#, m. servant.

#criatura#, f. being, infant.

#crimen#, m. crime.

#cristianismo#, m. Christianity.

#cristiano, -a#, Christian.

#cruz#, f. cross.

#cruzar#, to cross, pass.

#cuadernito#, m. pamphlet.

#cuadra#, f. barn.

#cuadro#, m. picture.

#cual#, which; (when preceded by def. art.) who, which.

#cualquiera#, any, whatever.

#cuando#, when.

#cuanto#, whatever, the more; #— antes#, as soon as possible, immediately; #en — a#, with regard to; #unos —s#, a few.

#cuarto#, m. room.

#cubierta#, f. cover.

#cubrir#, to cover.

#cuello#, m. neck.

#cuenta#, f. account: see #correr# and #tomar#.

#cuento#, m. tale, story.

#cuerda#, f. cord, rope.

#cuerpo#, m. body.

#cuestión#, f. question.

#cuidado#, m. care; #no tener —#, not to worry.

#cuidar#, to take care.

#culpa#, f. blame.

#culpable#, culpable.

#cultivador#, m. cultivator.

#cultivo#, m. cultivation.

#culto, -a#, cultured; (noun) m. homage, worship.

#cumbre#, f. top, crest.

#cumplimiento#, m. fulfilment.

#cumplir#, to perform, fulfil.

#cuna#, f. cradle.

#cupano# (Philippine), m. cupano (kind of tree).

#cupiese#, subj. of #caber#.

#cura#, m. priest.

#cura#, f. cure.

#cural#, pertaining to a priest.

#curar(se)#, to treat, cure.

#curato#, m. parish house.

#curioso, -a#, inquisitive, curious.

#curiosamente#, curiously.

#curiosidad#, f. curiosity.

#custodio#, m. guard.

#cuyo, -a#, whose.

#Ch#

#chaleco#, m. vest.

#chaqueta#, f. coat.

#chico#, m. boy.

#chicuelo#, m. little boy.

#chícharo, m. pea.

#chimenea#, f. fireplace.

#¡chist!# exclamation, sh!

#choza#, f. hut, cabin.

#D#

#dado#, p. p. of #dar#.

#dañino, -a#, harmful.

#daño#, m. harm.

#dañoso, -a#, harmful.

#dar#, to give; #—se por#, to consider oneself.

#de#, of, from.

#dé#, pres. subj. of #dar#.

#deber#, ought, must, to owe. (noun) m. duty.

#débil#, weak, faint.

#decantado, -a#, boasted.

#decidir#, to decide.

#decir#, to say, tell; #se dice#, it is said, they say.

#decorar#, to decorate.

#decretar#, to decree.

#dedicar#, to dedicate.

#dedicatoria#, f. dedication.

#dediqué#, pret. of #dedicar#.

#defender#, to defend.

#deferir#, to delay.

#deformar#, to disfigure, deform.

#deforme#, hideous.

#dejar#, to leave, let, allow; #— de# + inf., to cease.

del, contraction of #de el#.

#delantal#, m. apron.

#delante#, before, in front of.

#delgado, -a#, slender.

#delicia#, f. delight.

#delicioso, -a#, delightful.

#delito#, m. crime.

#demás#, rest, others.

#demasiado#, too.

#demócrata#, m. democratic person.

#demostrar#, to show, prove.

#den#, pres. subj. of #dar#.

#denso, -a#, dense, thick.

#dependiente#, m. dependent, employee.

#depositario, -a; lugar —#, store-house.

#depurar#, to purify.

#derecho#, m. right.

#derramar#, to shed, spill.

#derredor (en)#, around.

#derruir#, to ruin.

#desafiar#, to defy.

#desagradar#, to displease.

#desalentarse#, to discourage.

#desaliento#, m. discouragement.

#desamparo#, m. abandonment, lack of protection.

#desaparecer#, to disappear.

#desaprobar#, to disapprove.

#desarrollar#, to develop.

#desatar#, to untie.

#descalzo, -a#, barefooted.

#descansar#, to rest.

#descanso#, m. rest.

#descender#, to descend.

#descendiente#, m. descendant.

#descoger#, to unfold, spread.

#descolorido, -a#, pale.

#desconfianza#, f. timidity, disbelief.

#desconocido, -a#, unknown.

#descubierto, -a#, bare, discovered, uncovered.

#descubrirse#, to take off one's hat, be discovered.

#desde#, from, since; #— luego#, thereupon.

#desdeñar#, to disdain, scorn.

#desear#, to desire.

#desembarazar(se)#, to get rid of.

#desembocar#, to come forth from.

#desenlace#, m. unraveling of a plot, dénouement.

#desenlazar#, to disentangle.

#deseo#, m. desire.

#desesperación#, f. despair.

#desfavorable#, unfavorable.

#desgracia#, f. misfortune, sorrow; #por —#, unfortunately.

#desgraciado, -a#, unfortunate, unhappy.

#deshacer#, to undo, destroy.

#desierto#, m. desert.

#deslumbrador, -ora#, dazzling.

#desmotar#, to clear.

#desorden#, m. disorder.

#desordenado, -a#, disorderly, lawless.

#despedirse#, to take leave, say good-bye.

#despegar#, to open, unjoint.

#despejar#, to uncover, remove obstacles.

#despejo#, m. ease.

#despertar#, to waken; #—se#, to be awakened.

#desplegar#, to spread out.

#despojar#, to strip.

#desprenderse#, to stand out.

#después#, then, afterwards; #— de#, after.

#desterrar#, to exile, uproot.

#destinar#, to destine.

#destruido, -a#, destroyed.

#destruir#, to destroy.

#destruyen#, pres. ind. of #destruir#.

#desvelar#, to keep awake.

#desventurado, -a#, unfortunate.

#detener(se)#, to detain, stop.

#detenido, -a#, careful.

#detestar#, to hate, detest.

#detuvieronse#, pret. of #detenerse#.

#deudo#, m. relative.

#devastador, -ora#, devastating.

#devocionario#, m. prayer book.

#devoto, -a#, devout.

#dí#, pret. of #dar#.

#día#, m. day.

#diablo#, m. devil.

#diantre; ¡qué —!# confound it!

#diario, -a#, daily; (noun) m. daily (newspaper).

#dictar#, to dictate.

#dictasen#, impf. subj. of #dictar#.

#dicha#, f. happiness.

#dicho, -a#, p.p. of #decir#.

#dichoso, -a#, happy.

#diente#, m. tooth.

#diezmarse#, to decimate.

#diferir#, to postpone.

#difícil#, difficult.

#difícilmente#, with difficulty.

#dificultad#, f. difficulty.

#digno, -a#, worthy.

#dij-e, —iste, —o#, pret. of #decir#.

#dinero#, m. money.

#dió#, pret. of dar.

#Dios#, God; #¡— mío!# my goodness!

#diría#, cond. of #decir#.

#dirigir#, to direct; #—se#, to go towards, turn.

#dirimir#, to adjust.

#discípulo#, m. follower.

#discurso#, m. speech, sermon.

#diseñar#, to sketch.

#disfrutar#, to enjoy.

#disgustar#, to displease.

#disgusto#, m. unpleasantness.

#disimular#, to hide (feeling), conceal.

#disipar#, to drive away, dissipate.

#disolver#, to loosen, separate.

#disparate#, m. absurdity, nonsense, blunder.

#disponer#, to get ready, arrange.

#disposición#, f. order, regulation, inclination.

#disputa#, f. dispute.

#distancia#, f. distance.

#distar#, to be distant.

#diste#, pret. of #dar#.

#distinguir#, to distinguish.

#distraerse#, to amuse oneself.

#distrito#, m. district.

#diverso, -a#, varied.

#dividir#, to divide, separate.

#divinidad#, f. divinity.

#divisar#, to catch sight of.

#doble#, double.

#doblegar#, to bend or weigh down.

#dócil#, docile.

#doctrina#, f. church doctrine.

#dolor#, m. grief, pain.

#doloroso, -a#, sad, painful.

#dominar#, to control, subdue.

#don#, m. gift.

#donativo#, m. gift.

#doncella#, f. girl, young woman.

#donde#, where; #¿dónde?# where?

#dondequiera; por —#, everywhere.

#dormir#, to sleep; #—se#, to fall asleep.

#dotado, -a#, gifted, endowed.

#duda#, f. doubt.

#dueño#, m. master.

#duerme#, pres. ind. of #dormir#.

#dulce#, gentle, sweet; (noun) m. candy.

#dulcemente#, pleasantly.

#dulcería#, f. confectionery.

#dulzura#, f. gentleness, pleasure.

#duplicar#, to double.

#durante#, during.

#durmió#, pret. of #dormir#.

#duro, -a#, hard.

#E#

#e#, and.

#ebrio, -a#, drunken.

#eclesiástico, -a#, ecclesiastic, ecclesiastical.

#eclipsar#, to eclipse.

#echar#, to throw; #—en cara#, to accuse to one's face; —de menos#, to miss.

#edad#, f. age; #de —#, elderly.

#edición#, f. edition.

#edificio#, m. building, structure.

#educado, -a#, educated.

#educar#, to educate.

#efecto#, m. thing; #en —#, in fact, in truth.

#eficaz#, efficacious, efficient.

#Egipto#, Egypt.

#ejecución#, f. execution.

#ejecutarse#, to do, execute.

#ejemplar#, exemplary.

#ejemplo#, m. example.

#ejercicio#, m. exercise.

#ejercitarse#, to be trained.

#ejército#, m. army.

#elevado, -a#, lofty, grand.

#elevar#, to elevate.

#elogio#, m. praise.

#emanar#, to emanate.

#embargar#, to impede, seize.

#embargo; sin —#, nevertheless.

#embellecer#, to beautify.

#embriagar#, to intoxicate.

#embriaguez#, f. drunkenness.

#emoción#, f. emotion.

#empeño#, m. determination, eagerness.

#empresa#, f. undertaking.

#en#, in.

#enaguas#, f. skirt.

#enamorado, -a#, enamored.

#enamorar#, to cause love; #—se#, to fall in love.

#encaje#, m. lace.

#encantador, -ora#, enchanting.

#encantar#, to enchant.

#encarar#, to face.

#encargar#, to order, commission; #—se#, to take upon oneself.

#encarnado, -a#, red.

#encender#, to light.

#encendido, -a#, lighted.

#encerrar#, to include; #—se# (fig.), to lose oneself.

#encima#, above, over.

#encina#, f. oak.

#enclavar#, to nail.

#encomendar#, to commend, recommend.

#encontrar#, to meet, find; #—se con#, to discover.

#encuentro#, pres. ind. of #encontrar#.

#encuentro#, m.; #acudir a su —#, to run to meet him or her.

#enemigo#, m. enemy.

#enérgico, -a#, energetic.

#enfadarse#, to get angry.

#enfermedad#, f. sickness.

#enfermizo, -a#, sickly.

#enfermo, -a#, ill, sick.

#engañar#, to deceive.

#engendrar#, to engender, create.

#enguirnaldar#, to wreathe.

#enhorabuena#, f. congratulation.

#enjambre#, m. swarm.

#enorme#, enormous.

#enredarse#, to be entwined.

#enriquecer#, to enrich.

#ensalada#, f. salad.

#ensanchar#, to widen; #— el corazón#, to cheer up.

#ensayar#, to try.

#enseñanza#, f. instruction, teaching.

#enseñar#, to teach, show.

#entender#, to understand.

#enterado, -a#, informed.

#enteramente#, entirely.

#enternecido, -a#, moved to pity.

#enternecimiento#, m. compassion, pity.

#entero, -a#, entire.

#entierro#, m. #funeral#.

#entonar#, to intone, sing.

#entonces#, then.

#entrada#, f. entrance.

#entrar (en)#, to enter.

#entre#, among; #por —#, among.

#entregar#, to deliver, give over; #—se a#, to abandon oneself to.

#entretanto#, in the meantime.

#entristecer#, to sadden.

#entristecido, -a#, saddened.

#entusiasmado, -a#, enthusiastic.

#entusiasmo#, m. enthusiasm.

#entusiasta#, enthusiastic.

#envejecer#, to grow old.

#envejecido, -a#, grown old.

#enverjado#, m. fence.

#enviar#, to send.

#envolver#, to envelop.

#época#, f. epoch.

#era#, impf. of #ser.#

#ermita#, m. hermit.

#esbelto, -a#, slender.

#escabroso, -a#, rough, uneven.

#escándalo#, m. scandal, tumult.

#escapar#, to escape.

#escarcha#, f. frost, frost-work.

#escasez#, m. poverty.

#escaso, -a#, scant, scarce.

#escena#, f. scene.

#esclarecido, -a#, noble, enlightened.

#escoger#, to choose.

#escoja#, pres. subj. of #escoger.#

#esconder#, to hide.

#escribir#, to write.

#escrito#, p.p. of #escribir.#

#escritor#, m. author.

#escritura#, f. writing.

#escuchar#, to listen (to).

#escuela#, f. school.

#esencialmente,# essentially.

#esforzarse#, to make an effort.

#esfuerzo#, m. effort, force.

#esgrimir#, to fence.

#esmeradamente#, very carefully.

#esmero#, m. care.

#eso#, that; # por —#, for that reason.

#espacio#, m. space; interval of time.

#espada#, f. sword.

#espalda#, f. back; #a las —s de#, behind.

#espantoso, -a#, frightful.

#España#, Spain.

#español, -ola#, Spanish; Spaniard.

#especie#, f. kind.

#espectáculo#, m. spectacle.

#esperanza#, f. hope.

#esperar#, to await, expect, hope.

#espeso, -a#, thick.

#espina#, f. thorn.

#espíritu#, m. spirit, mind, soul.

#espléndido, -a#, splendid.

#esposo#, m. husband; pl.. husband and wife.

#esquivez#, f. shyness.

#esquivo, -a#, shy.

#establecer#, to establish.

#estación#, f. season.

#estado#, m. state.

#estallar#, to break out, burst forth.

#estar#, to be.

#estatura#, f. stature.

#este#, this; éste (pron.), this one, the latter.

#estera#, f. mat, matting.

#estilo#, m. style.

#estimar#, to respect, esteem.

#estimular#, to stimulate.

#estímulo#, m. stimulus.

#estómago#, m. stomach.

#estorbar#, to hinder.

#estrechar#, to clasp, embrace.

#estrecho, -a#, narrow, close.

#estrella#, f. star.

#estudiar#, to study.

#estudio#, m. study.

#estupefacción#, f. stupefaction.

#evangélico, -a#, evangelical.

#evangelio#, m. gospel.

#evitar#, to avoid.

#evocar#, to evoke.

#evoqué#, pret. of #evocar#.

#exagerar#, to exaggerate.

#examen#, m. examination.

#examinar#, to examine.

#excitar#, to excite.

#exclaustración#, f. secularization.

#exhortación#, f. exhortation, admonition.

#exigencia#, f. demand.

#exigir#, to demand, exact.

#existir#, to exist.

#éxito#, m. success.

#exquisito#, exquisite.

#extrañamiento#, m. surprise.

#extrañar#, to alienate, wonder at.

#extrañeza#, f. surprise.

#extraño, -a#, strange; (noun) m. or f. stranger, foreigner.

#extremado, -a#, extreme.

#F#

#facción#, f. feature.

#fácil#, easy.

#facilitar#, to facilitate.

#fácilmente#, easily.

#facultad#, f. authority.

#faja#, f. band, belt.

#falaz#, false, fallacious.

#falda#, f. brow of hill, slope.

#fallo#, m. decision, sentence.

#familia#, f. family.

#fanático#, m. fanatic.

#fanatismo#, m. fanaticism.

#fantasma#, m. phantom, specter.

#fastidio#, m. ennui.

#fatiga#, f. fatigue, hardship.

#fatigar#, to fatigue.

#fatigoso, -a#, fatiguing.

#favor#, m. support.

#favorecer#, to favor.

#faz#, f. face, surface.

#fe#, f. faith; #a —#, in truth.

#fecundo, -a#, productive, fertile.

#felicidad#, f. happiness.

#felicitar#, to congratulate.

#feligrés#, m. parishioner.

#feliz#, happy.

#ferocidad#, f. ferocity.

#feroz#, fierce.

#fiebre#, f. fever.

#fiel#, m. faithful.

#fiera#, f. wild beast.

#fiero, -a#, proud.

#fiesta#, f. festival, feast.

#fiestecita, f. dim. of #fiesta#.

#figurarse#, to imagine.

#figúrese#, impv. of #figurarse#.

#fijar#, to fix.

#fila#, f. line, row, rank.

#filosófico, -a#, philosophical.

#fin#, m. end; #a — de#, in order to; #a — de que#, in order that; #en —, por —#, finally.

#fingir#, to pretend.

#finísimo, -a#, abs. super. of #fino#.

#fino, -a#, fine.

#finura#, f. delicacy, refinement.

#firmeza#, f. firmness.

#física#, f. physics.

#físico#, m. physique.

#fisonomía#, f. physiognomy.

#flaco, -a#, thin.

#flanquear#, to flank.

#flauta#, f. flute.

#fleco#, m. fringe.

#flor#, f. flower.

#flotante#, floating.

#fluidez#, f, smoothness.

#fogata#, f. bonfire.

#folletín#, m. serial story (in a newspaper).

#fondo#, m. bottom, rear; #en el —#, in the bottom of one's heart.

#formar#, to form.

#fortuna#, f. fortune.

#fraile#, m. monk, friar.

#francamente#, frankly.

#francés, -esa#, French.

#franco, -a#, frank.

#franjar#, to fringe.

#franqueza#, f. frankness.

#frase#, f. sentence, phrase.

#fraternidad#, f. fraternity, brotherhood.

#fray#, contraction of #fraile#.

#frecuencia#, f. frequency.

#frecuente#, frequent.

#frente#, f. forehead.

#fresa#, f. strawberry.

#fresco, -a#, fresh.

#frialdad#, f. coolness.

#frijol#, m. kidney bean.

#frío, -a#, cold, coldness.

#fruta#, ff. fruit.

#frutal#, fruit bearing.

#fuego#, m. fire.

#fuera#, outside.

#fuera#, pret. of #ir# and #ser#.

#fuerte#, secure, strong, hardy.

#fuerza#, f. force; #a — de#, by dint of.

#fugaz#, fleeting.

#Fulano, -a#, so and so.

#función#, function, ceremony.

#fundador#, m. founder.

#fundar#, to found.

#funesto, -a#, terrible.

#G#

#gabela#, f. tax.

#galanteo#, m. wooing, gallantry.

#galope#, m. gallop, haste.

#gallardo, -a#, handsome.

#gallo#, m. cock.

#gana#, f. pleasure; #de buena —#, willingly.

#ganadería#, f. cattle raising.

#ganadero#, m. herdsman.

#ganado#, m. live stock, cattle; —#menor#, sheep, goats, etc.

#ganar#, to gain.

#garantice#, pres. subj. of #garantizar#.

#garantizar#, to guarantee.

#garganta#, f. throat, canyon.

#general#, usual, general.

#generalizarse#, to become general.

#generalmente#, generally.

#generosidad#, f. generosity.

#generoso, -a#, generous.

#genio#, m. character, spirit.

#gente#, f. folk, people.

#gentío#, m. crowd.

#gestión#, f. effort.

#gigantesco, -a#, gigantic.

#gitana#, f. gipsy.

#gobernante#, m. manager, person in authority.

#gobierno#, m. government.

#golosina#, f. sweetmeat.

#goma#, f. gum.

#grabar#, to engrave.

#gracia#, f. grace; pl. thanks; #—s a#, thanks to.

#gracioso, -a#, pretty, graceful, pleasing.

#gran#; see #grande#.

#grande#, large, grand, great.

#grandecito#, dim of #grande#.

#granja#, f. farmhouse.

#granjear#, to gain, earn.

#gratificación#, f. reward.

#grato, -a#, pleasing.

#gravamen#, m. hardship, burden.

#grave#, solemn.

#gravoso, -a#, onerous, troublesome.

#gris#, grizzled, gray.

#gritar#, to scream, cry out.

#grito#, m. cry.

#grueso, -a#, thick, big.

#guardar#, to guard, keep.

#guardián#, m. guardian.

#guarida#, f. lurking-place, haunt.

#guerra#, f. war.

#guiar#, to guide.

#guirigay#, m. jargon.

#guirnalda#, f. garland.

#gusano#, m. worm; #— de seda#, silkworm.

#gustar#, to like, please.

#gustoso#, gladly.

#H#

#ha, han#, pres. ind. of #haber; ¡En donde ha de estar#! Where do you suppose he is!

#haber#, to have; #— de# + inf., to be to, must.

#hábil#, skillful.

#habilidad#, f. skill.

#habitante#, m. inhabitant.

#hábito#, m. robe (of a military or ecclesiastical order).

#hablar#, to talk.

#hacer#, to make, do; #— mérito de#, to turn to account; — + time, ago; #hace poco#, a little while ago; #—se#, to become.

#hacia#, towards.

#hacienda#, f. farm, estate.

#haga#, pres. subj. of #hacer#.

#halagar#, to flatter.

#hallar#, to find; #—se#, to be.

#hambre#, f. hunger.

#harina#, f. flour.

#harto#, enough.

#hasta#, as far as, even; #— que#, until; #— ahora#.

#hay (haber)#, there is, are; #¿qué —?# what's the matter?

#haya#, pres. subj. of #haber#.

#he#, pres. ind. of #haber#.

#hé ahí#, behold! see!

#hecho#, p.p. of #hacer#.

#helar#, to freeze.

#hemisferio#, m. hemisphere.

#heno#, m. hay; trailing silvery moss (in Mexico).

#heredero, -a#, m. or f. heir.

#hereje#, m. heretic.

#herido, -a#, wounded.

#hermandad#, f. fraternity.

#hermanito#, m. dim. of #hermano#; pl. little brothers and sisters.

#hermano#, m. brother.

#hermoso, -a#, beautiful.

#hermosura#, f. beauty.

#heroico, -a#, heroic.

#hic-e, hizo, -imos#, pret. of #hacer#.

#hija#, f. daughter.

#hijo, m. son; pl. children.

#hilera#, f. row.

#himno#, m. hymn.

#hincar#, to thrust in; #— la rodilla#, to kneel down.

#hinchado, -a#, puffed out.

#historia#, f. story, history.

#hoguera#, f. fire, bonfire.

#hoja#, f. leaf.

#hombre#, m. man.

#homenaje#, m. homage.

#honradísimo, -a#, abs. super. of #honrado#.

#honrado, -a#, honest, honorable.

#honrar#, to honor.

#hora#, f. hour.

#horizonte#, m. horizon.

#hormiguear#, to swarm.

#horroroso, -a#, horrible.

#hortaliza#, f. garden stuff.

#hospitalario, -a#, hospitable.

#hospitalidad#, f. hospitality.

#hoy#, to-day.

#hubiese, hubiera#, impf. subj. of #haber#.

#huérfano#, m. orphan.

#huerto#, m. orchard.

#huir#, to flee.

#humilde#, humble.

#humillar#, to humiliate.

#humor#, m. disposition.

#huye#, pres. ind. of #huir#.

#huyó#, pret. of #huir#.

#I#

#ib-a, -an#, impf. of #ir#.

#idilio#, m. idyl.

#idólatra#, idolatrous.

#idolatría#, f. idolatry.

#ídolo#, m. idol.

#iglesia#, f. church.

#iglesita#, f. dim. of #iglesia#.

#igual#, equal.

#iluminar#, to illuminate.

#ilusión#, f. idea, illusion.

#ilustrado, -a#, enlightened.

#ilustrar#, to enlighten, educate.

#ilustre#, illustrious.

#imagen#, f. image.

#imitador#, m. imitator.

#imitar#, to imitate.

#impedir#, to impede, prevent.

#impío#, m. irreligious person.

#imponer#, to impose, lay upon, inform.

#importuno, -a#, importunate.

#imprenta#, f. press, printing.

#imprimir#, to print; #—se#, to be printed.

#ímprobo#, laborious, painful.

#impuesto#, p.p. of #imponer#.

#inapelable#, without appeal.

#incendiar#, to set fire to.

#incienso#, m. incense.

#inclinar#, to bow, incline.

#incomodarse#, to be vexed.

#incomodidad#, f. inconvenience.

#inconveniente#, m. objection.

#incredulidad#, f. incredulity.

#incuestionable#, unquestionable.

#indeciso, -a#, indistinct.

#indicar#, to indicate, suggest, hint.

#indígena#, m. native.

#indigencia#, f. indigence.

#indio#, m. Indian.

#indudablemente#, undoubtedly.

#inefable#, ineffable, unspeakable.

#infancia#, f. childhood.

#infatigable#, indefatigable.

#infeliz#, unhappy, unfortunate.

#infierno#, m. hell.

#informe#, m. information.

#ingrato, -a#, ungrateful.

#inmenso, -a#, immense, infinite.

#inodoro, -a#, without odor.

#inolvidable#, not to be forgotten.

#inquietarse#, to worry.

#inquieto, -a#, uneasy, anxious.

#insensato, -a#, stupid, mad.

#insinuar#, to suggest.

#instalarse#, to install oneself.

#instar#, to urge.

#instrucción#, f. education, knowledge.

#insufrible#, insufferable.

#intemperie#, f. rough weather.

#interceptar#, to intercept.

#interés#, m. interest.

#interesado, -a#, biased.

#interrumpir#, to interrupt.

#íntimo, -a#, intimate, familiar.

#inútil#, useless.

#invadir#, to invade.

#inveterado, -a#, old.

#invierno#, m. winter.

#invitar#, to invite.

#invocar#, to invoke.

#ir#, to go.

#irascible#, irascible, choleric.

#J#

#jadear#, to pant.

#jamás#, never.

#jardín#, m. garden; #—cillo#, m. dim. of #jardín#.

#jarro#, m. jar.

#jefe#, m. chief.

#Jerez# (town in southern Spain), sherry.

#Jesucristo#, Jesus Christ.

#jesuíta#, m. Jesuit.

#jornada#, f. day, march or journey.

#José#, Joseph.

#joven#, young; (noun) m. or f. youth.

#joya#, f. jewel.

#Judío#, m. Jew.

#juega#, pres. ind. of #jugar#.

#juez#, m. judge.

#jugar#, to play.

#juguete#, m. plaything.

#juicioso, -a#, sensible, wise.

#junco#, m. reed.

#juntamente#, jointly.

#junto#, beside, near, together, joined to.

#jurar#, to swear.

#justamente#, exactly, precisely.

#justicia#, f. justice.

#justísimo#, abs. super. of #justo#.

#justo, -a#, just.

#juvenil#, youthful.

#juventud#, f. youth.

#juzgar#, to judge.

#L#

#labio#, m. lip.

#laboriosidad#, f. diligence.

#laborioso, -a#, industrious.

#labrador#, m. laborer, farmer.

#labranza#, f. farming.

#lado#, m. side.

#ladrido#, m. bark (of a dog).

#ladrillo#, m. brick.

#lago#, m. lake.

#lágrima#, f. tear.

#lámpara#, f. lamp.

#lanzar#, to throw; #—se#, to rush.

#largo, -a#, long.

#larguísimo#, abs. super. of #largo#.

#lateral#, side.

#lea#, pres. subj. of #leer#.

#lectura#, f. reading.

#lecho#, m. bed.

#leer#, to read.

#legislador#, m. legislator.

#legua#, f. league.

#leguminoso, -a#, leguminous.

#lejano, -a#, far, distant.

#lejos#, far; #a lo—#, far away, at a great distance.

#lengua#, f. tongue.

#lentamente#, slowly.

#lenteja#, f. lentil.

#lento, -a#, slow.

#leña#, f. wood.

#letra#, f. letter; pl. learned professions.

#levantar#, to lift, elevate; #—se#, to get up, rise.

#ley#, f. law.

#leyenda#, f. legend.

#leyendo#, pres. part. of #leer#.

#libertad#, f. liberty.

#libertino, -a#, dissipated.

#librar#, to free.

#libre#, free.

#libro#, m. book.

#licencia#, f. furlough; #—absoluta#, discharge.

#ligeramente#, slightly.

#ligereza#, f. lightness, agility.

#ligero, -a#, agile, swift; trifling, gay.

#limitar#, to limit.

#lindo, -a#, pretty.

#liso, -a#, smooth, unadorned.

#lisonjero, -a#, flattering.

#lobo#, m. wolf.

#loco, -a#, crazy.

#locura#, f. madness.

#lograr#, to attain, succeed, obtain.

#lucerito#, m. star.

#lucha#, f. combat.

#luchar#, to fight.

#luego#, then, afterward; #—que#, as soon as; #desde —#, at once; #de — a — = de tiempo a tiempo#.

#lugar#, m. place.

#lujo#, m. luxury, elegance.

#lumbre#, f. fire.

#luminoso, -a#, shining.

#lunar#, m. flaw, blemish.

#lustroso, -a#, glossy.

#luz#, f. light.

#LL#

#llamar#, to call.

#llana#, f. plain.

#llano, -a#, even, smooth, simple.

#llanto#, m. weeping.

#llanura#, f. plain.

#llegada#, f. arrival.

#llegar#, to arrive.

#llenar#, to fill.

#lleno, -a#, full.

#llevar#, to carry.

#llorar#, to weep.

#M#

#madera#, f. wood.

#madre#, f. mother.

#madroño#, m. strawberry tree.

#madrugada#, f. dawn.

#maestría#, f. skill.

#maestro#, m. teacher.

#magnífico, -a#, magnificent.

#mago#, m. #Reyes Magos#, wise men from the East.

#maíz#, m. Indian corn.

#majada#, f. sheepfold.

#majestuoso, -a#, majestic.

#malo, -a#, bad.

#malamente#, wrongly, badly.

#maldito, -a#, cursed.

#malevolencia#, f. ill will.

#malísimo#, abs. super. of #malo#.

#malo, -a#, bad.

#malvarosa#, f. mallow.

#mancebo#, m. young man.

#mancharse#, to stain.

#mandar#, to command, send.

#manera#, f. manner; #sobre —#, exceedingly; #de — que#, so that.

#maniatar#, to manacle, handcuff.

#manifestación#, f. declaration, statement.

#manita#, f. dim. of mano.

#manjar#, m. dish, food, delicacy.

#mano#, f. hand.

#manteca#, f. lard, fat, butter.

#mantener#, to keep, maintain.

#mantenimiento#, m. maintenance.

#manzana#, f. apple.

#manzano#, m. apple tree.

#mañana#, f. morning; (adv.) to-morrow; #pasado —#, day after to-morrow.

#maravilla#, f. miracle.

#marcha#, f. march.

#marchito, -a#, withered.

#marido#, m. husband.

#mártir#, m. martyr.

#martirio#, m. martyrdom.

#más#, more; #por — que#, however much; #— bien#, rather.

#masas#, f. pl. masses, crowds of people.

#matar#, to kill.

#matrona#, f. matron.

#mayor#, greater, higher; #el altar —#, the high altar.

#mecánica#, f. mechanics, machines.

#medianero#, m. mediator.

#medianía#, f. mediocre person.

#médico#, m. physician, doctor.

#medida#, f. measure; #a — que#, as fast as.

#medio, -a#, half, middle, mid; (noun) m. midst, way, means; #en — de#, in the midst of.

#mejicano, -a#, Mexican.

#Méjico#, Mexico.

#mejilla#, f. cheek.

#mejor#, comp. of #bueno#.

#mejora#, f. improvement.

#mejorar#, to improve.

#memoria#, f. memory.

#mencionar#, to mention.

#menor#, comp. of #pequeño#, smaller, younger.

#menos#, less; #al —#, at least; #echar de —#, to miss; #no poder —de#, not to be able to help.

#mente#, f. mind.

#mercader#, m. merchant; #— ambulante#, peddler.

#mercado#, m. market.

#merced#, f. favor, grace; #— a#, thanks to.

#merecer#, to merit, deserve.

#merezco#, pres. ind. of #merecer#.

#merienda#, f. lunch.

#merino#, m. merino, merino sheep.

#mérito#, m. merit; see #hacer#.

#mes#, m. month.

#mesa#, f. table.

#metate# (Mex.), m. stone hollowed for grinding maize or cocoa.

#método#, m. method.

#mezclar#, to mix.

#mezquino, -a#, niggardly.

#miedo#, m. fear.

#miel#, f. honey.

#miembro#, m. member, limb.

#mientras#, while.

#mies#, f. ripe wheat and other grain.

#milagro#, m. miracle.

#militar#, m. military man.

#millar#, m. thousand.

#minuto#, m. minute.

#mirada#, f. look, glance.

#mirar#, to look at, see.

#misa#, f. mass; #— de gallo#, midnight mass.

#miseria#, f. great poverty.

#misionero#, m. missionary.

#mismo, -a#, same, very.

#misterio#, m. mystery, mystery play.

#modelo#, m. model.

#modesto, -a#, modest.

#modo#, m. manner.

#molendero, -a#, m. or f. miller, grinder.

#moler#, to grind.

#molino#, m. mill.

#momento#, m. moment.

#monacal#, monastic.

#montaña#, f. mountain.

#montañés#, m. mountaineer.

#montañoso, -a#, mountainous.

#montar#, to mount.

#monte#, m. mountain.

#morado, -a#, purple.

#moreno, -a#, dark, brunette.

#morera#, f. white mulberry tree.

#morir#, to die.

#mosqueta#, f. white musk rose.

#mostrar#, to show, display, view.

#motivo#, m. motive; #con — de#, as a result of, owing to, by reason of.

#mover#, to move.

#mozo#, m. lad, manservant.

#muchacho, -a#, m. or f. boy, girl.

#mucho#, much; pl. many.

#muele#, pres. ind. of #moler#.

#muerte#, f. death.

#muerto#, p. p. of #morir#.

#muestra#, f. sign.

#muestran#, pres. ind. of #mostrar#.

#mujer#, f. woman.

#mujercita#, f. dim. of #mujer#; #muy —#, quite a little woman.

#mula#, f. mule.

#mundano, -a#, worldly.

#mundo#, world; #todo el —#, everybody.

#muriendo#, pres. of #morir#.

#mur-ieron, -ió#, pret. of #morir#.

#murmullo#, m. murmur.

#murmurar#, to murmur.

#musculoso, -a#, muscular.

#musgo#, m. moss.

#muy#, very.

#N#

#nacer#, to be born.

#naciente#, growing, very recent.

#Nacimiento#: see note.

#nada#, nothing, anything.

#nadie#, nobody, anybody.

#nariz#, f. nose.

#natal#, native.

#nativo, -a#, native.

#nato, -a#, natural.

#naturaleza#, f. nature.

#nave#, f. nave.

#Navidad#, f. Christmas.

#necesario, -a#, necessary.

#necesitar#, to need; #—se#, to be necessary.

#negro, -a#, black.

#nervudo, -a#, vigorous.

#netamente#, distinctly.

#nieble#, f. cloud.

#ninguno, -a#, none.

#niñez#, f. childhood, children.

#niño#, m. child.

#nocivo, -a#, hurtful, injurious.

#noche#, f. night.

#Nochebuena#, f. Christmas eve.

#nogal#, m. walnut tree.

#nombre#, m. name.

#notar#, to notice.

#notario#, m. notary public.

#noticia#, f. news.

#novela#, f. story, tale, novel.

#novelista#, m. novelist.

#noviciado#, m. novitiate.

#novio, -a#, m. or f. sweetheart.

#nube#, f. cloud.

#nueva#, f. news; #Bueña-Nueva#, f. good tidings.

#nuevo, -a#, new; #de# -, again, anew.

#numeroso, -a#, numerous.

#nunca#, ever, never.

#O#

#o#, or.

#obediencia#, f. obedience.

#objeto#, m. object.

#obligar#, to oblige.

#obra#, f. work.

#obrar#, to work.

#obscuridad#, f. darkness.

#obscuro, -a#, obscure.

#obsequiar#, to present.

#observar#, to observe.

#obstáculo#, m. obstacle.

#obtener#, to obtain.

#obtuve#, pret. of #obtener#.

#obvención#, f. perquisite.

#ocasionar#, to occasion, cause.

#océano#, m. ocean.

#ocio#, m. idleness.

#ocioso, -a#, idle, lazy.

#ocultar#, to hide.

#oculto, -a#, hidden, obscure.

#odio#, m. hatred.

#oferta#, f. offer.

#oficial#, m. commissioned officer.

#oficialmente#, officially.

#oficio#, m. service.

#ofrecer#, to offer, promise.

#ofrezca#, pres. subj. of #ofrecer#.

#oído#, m. ear; also p.p. of #oir#.

#oigo#, pres. ind. of #oir#.

#oir#, to hear.

#ojo#, m. eye.

#oleada#, f. big wave.

#oloroso, -a#, aromatic.

#olvidarse#, to forget; #iban olvidándose#, were gradually being forgotten.

#omitir#, to omit.

#operar#, to work, operate.

#opinar#, to have the opinion, believe, think.

#oponer#, to oppose.

#oportunamente#, opportunely, timely.

#opuesto#, p.p. of #oponer#.

#opulento, -a#, opulent.

#ora#, now; #ora … ora#, now … then.

#oración#, f. prayer.

#orar#, to pray.

#orden#, f. order (of monks); #órdenes# (eccl.), sacrament of ordination.

#ordenar#, to order.

#ordinario, -a#, ordinary, common.

#orfandad#, f. orphanage.

#orgullo#, m. pride.

#orilla#, f. shore, bank.

#oriundo, -a#, native of, coming from.

#oro#, m. gold.

#orquídea,# f. orchid.

#ostentar#, to make a show of.

#otorgar#, to authorize, sanction.

#otro, -a,# other.

#ovación,# f. ovation, salute.

#oyendo#, pres. part. of #oir#.

#oyó#, pret. of #oir#.

#oyente#, m. hearer.

#P#

#P.# = abbreviation of #padre#.

#pacíficamente#, peaceably.

#pachol#, m. pod (see note).

#padecer#, to suffer.

#padecimiento#, m. suffering.

#padre#, m. father, priest.

#padrecito#,m. dim. of #padre#.

#país#, m. country.

#paja#, f. straw.

#pajizo, -a,# thatched with straw.

#palabra#, f. word.

#palacio#, m. palace.

#palidez#, f. paleness.

#pálido, -a#, pale, light.

#palpitante#, palpitating.

#palpitar#, to beat, palpitate.

#pan#, m. bread.

#pandereta#, f. tambourine.

#pandero#, m. tambourine.

#pantalón#, m. trousers.

#pañales#, m. pl. swaddling clothes.

#paño#,m. cloth.

#pañoleta#, f. triangular shawl.

#papa#, m. pope.

#papel#, m. paper.

#para#, in order to; #— que#, so that, in order that.

#paraíso#, m. paradise.

#pararrayos#, m. lightning rod.

#parásita#, f. parasite.

#parecer#, to seem; #—se#, to resemble.

#pared#, f. wall.

#pariente#, m. relative.

#parietaria#, f. low and homely European plant growing on walls and rubbish.

#párroco#, m. parson.

#parroquial#, parochial.

#parte#, f. part; #de su —#, by his orders; #por otra —#, on the other hand; #por todas —s#, everywhere.

#participar#, to share, inform.

#partida#, f. faction, squad.

#partidario#, m. partisan.

#parto#, m. birth.

#pasa#, f. raisin.

#pasajero, -a#, transitory.

#pasaporte#, m. passport.

#pasar#, to pass, endure, undergo.

#pasión#, f. passion.

#paso#, m. step; #de —#, at the same time; #al —#, on the way.

#pastar#, to pasture.

#pastor#, m. shepherd.

#pastorela#, f. pastoral.

#patio#, m. yard, courtyard.

#patria#, f. native land.

#patriarca#, m. patriarch.

#patriarcal#, patriarchal.

#pavimento#, m. pavement.

#pavo#, m. turkey.

#paz#, f. peace.

#pecuniario, -a#, pecuniary.

#pecho#, m. breast.

#pedir#, to ask for, beg.

#peligro#, m. danger.

#peligroso, -a#, dangerous.

#pena#, f. trouble, pain.

#pendencia#, f. quarrel, dispute.

#pendiente#, hanging; (noun) m. earring.

#penetrar#, to penetrate.

#penoso, -a#, painful, difficult.

#pensador, -ora#, thoughtful; (noun) m. thinker.

#pensamiento#, m. thought.

#pensar#, to think.

#pensativo, -a#, thoughtful.

#pequeño, -a#, little, small.

#peral#, m. pear tree.

#perder#, to lose.

#perdidamente#, desperately.

#perdido, -a#, dissolute; (noun) m. or f. vicious person.

#perdón#, m. pardon.

#perdonar#, to pardon.

#peregrino#, m. pilgrim.

#pereza#, f. laziness.

#perezoso, -a#, lazy.

#perfume#, m. perfume.

#periódico#, m. newspaper.

#perjudicado, -a#, injured, impaired.

#permanecer#, to remain.

#permiso#, m. permission.

#permitir#, to permit.

#pernicioso, -a#, pernicious.

#pero#, but.

#perro#, m. dog.

#persecución#, f. pursuit.

#perseguir#, to pursue, torment.

#personaje#, m. personage, character.

#personalidad#, f. personality.

#perspicaz#, clear sighted.

#persuadir(se)#, to be persuaded.

#pertenecer#, to belong to.

#pervinca#, f. periwinkle.

#pesado, -a#, heavy.

#pesadumbre#, f. affliction, sorrow.

#pesar#, m. sorrow, regret; #a— de#, in spite of.

#pescado#, m. fish.

#peso#, m. dollar.

#pestaña#, f. eyelash.

#peste#, f. pest, epidemic.

#petardo#, m. petard.

#piadoso, -a#, pious.

#pícaruelo#, m. rascal, rogue.

#pidiendo#, pres. part. of #pedir#.

#pie#, m. foot

#piececito#, dim. of #pie#.

#piedad#, f. piety, pity.

#piedra#, f. stone.

#piensa#, pres. ind, of #pensar#.

#pierd-o, —en#, pres. ind. of #perder#.

#pieza#, f. room, piece.

#pino#, m. pine.

#pintar#, to paint.

#pintor#, m. painter.

#pintoresco, -a#, picturesque.

#Pirineos#, Pyrenees.

#pito#, m. whistle.

#placer#, m. pleasure.

#placita#, dim. of #plaza#.

#plantar#, to plant.

#plantel#, m. nursery, training school.

#platicar#, to chat.

#plaza#, f. open place or square.

#plazoleta#, f. dim. of #plaza#.

#plegar(se)#, to bend.

#plegaria#, f. prayer, supplication.

#plenitud#, f. abundance, plenitude.

#pliegue#, m. fold, crease.

#población#, f. city, town.

#poblado#, m. village, settlement.

#pobre#, poor.

#pobremente#, poorly.

#pobreza#, f. poverty.

#pobrísimo#, abs. super, of #pobre#.

#poco#, few, little; #— ha#, a little while ago; #— a —#, little by little; #hacía —#, a little while ago.

#poder#, can, to be able; #no — menos#, not to be able to help.

#poeta#, m. poet.

#poéticamente#, poetically.

#poético, -a#, poetic.

#poetisa#, f. poetess.

#pompa#, f. pomp.

#poner#, to put; #—se#, to put on, become; #—se de acuerdo#, to agree.

#pongo#, fres. ind. of #poner#.

#poniente#, setting.

#pontificio, -a#, pontifical.

#poquísimo, -a#, abs. super. of #poco#.

#por#, for, by, through; #— el contrario#, on the contrary.

#porfía#, f. persistence; #a —#, in competition (with each other).

#pórfido#, m. porphyry, jasper.

#porque#, because; #por qué#, why.

#portador#, m. carrier, bearer.

#portal#, m. entry, city gate.

#portalito#, dim. of #portal#.

#pórtico#, m. porch, piazza.

#porvenir#, m. future.

#pos#, after, behind; #en — de#, in pursuit of.

#posada#, f. boarding house, home, dwelling.

#poseer#, to possess.

#postrar#, to prostrate.

#postrero, -a#, last.

#práctica#, f. practice.

#practicable#, practicable, passable.

#practicar#, to practice.

#preceder#, to precede.

#precepto#, m. teaching, precept.

#preceptor#, m. teacher.

#preciado, -a#, precious, esteemed.

#precioso, -a#, beautiful, valuable, delicious.

#precipitarse#, to hasten.

#precisamente#, exactly.

#preciso, -a#, necessary.

#precoz#, premature.

#predecir#, to predict.

#predicar#, to preach.

#predicción#, f. prediction.

#predilecto, -a#, favorite.

#prefecto#, m. officer, prefect.

#preferencia#, f. preference.

#preferir#, to prefer.

#prefiero#, pres. ind. of #preferir#.

#pregunta#, f. question.

#preguntar#, to ask.

#prelado#, m. prelate, superior.

#preludiar#, to play a prelude.

#premio#, m. reward.

#preocupación#, f. prejudice, bias.

#presa#, f. prey.

#presbiterio#, m. chancel.

#presencia#, f. presence.

#presentar(se)#, to appear, present, represent.

#presidir#, to preside.

#preso#, m. prisoner.

#prestigio#, m. prestige, fascination.

#pretender#, to pretend, try, court.

#prevención#, f. prejudice.

#previo, -a#, previous, prior.

#primario, -a#, primary.

#primero, -a#, first.

#principio#, m. beginning, fundamental truth.

#prisa#, f. haste.

#privar#, to deprive.

#proclamar#, to proclaim.

#procurar#, to try, succeed.

#producir#, to produce.

#producto#, m. product.

#produjeron#, pret. of #producir#.

#profano, -a#, profane, worldly.

#profesar#, to practice a profession, profess; (eccl.) to join a religious body.

#profeta#, m. prophet.

#profundo, -a#, profound, deep; (noun) depths.

#progresar#, to make progress, progress.

#promesa#, f. promise.

#prometer#, to promise.

#promover#, to promote.

#promulgar#, to promulgate, proclaim.

#prontamente#, quickly.

#prontitud#, f. promptness.

#pronto#, soon; #por lo —#, for the present.

#propagador, -ora#, m. or f. propagator.

#propaganda#, f. propaganda, spreading of doctrines.

#propagandista#, m. advocate, propagandist.

#propagar#, to propagate.

#propietario#, m. proprietor, owner.

#propio, -a#, fit, suitable, own.

#proponer#, to propose.

#proporcionar#, to furnish, supply.

#propósito#, m. proposal; #a —#, suitable; #a — de#, in connection with.

#propuesta#, f. proposal.

#propuesto#, p. p. of #proponer#.

#propusimos#, pret. of #proponer#.

#proscrito#, m. outlaw, exile.

#protegido,# m. protégé.

#protestar,# to protest.

#provecho,# m. profit.

#proveer,# to provide.

#provenido, -a,# coming from.

#providencia,# f. measures (taken to obtain an end).

#provisto, -a,# provided.

#proximidad,# f. proximity.

#proximo, -a,# near,# next.

#proyecto,# m. project.

#prueba,# f. proof.

#publicar,# to publish.

#puchero,# m. dish of boiled meat and vegetables.

#pud-e, —-o, —-imos,# pret. of #poder.#

#pudiendo,# pres. part. of #poder.#

#pud-ieran, —-iese,# impf, subj. of #poder.#

#pueblecillo,# m. dim. of #pueblo.#

#pueblo,# m. town.

#pueda,# pres. subj. of #poder.#

#puede,# pres. ind. of #poder.#

#puerta,# f. door.

#pues,# for, then, therefore; #—bien,# well then.

#puesto,# m. stand, booth.

#puesto que,# since.

#pugna,# f. conflict.

#pugnar,# to combat, contend.

#pulmón,# m. lung.

#pulsar,# to play an instrument.

#punto,# m. point.

#puro, -a,# pure.

#púrpura,# f. purple.

#pus-e, —o,# pret. of poner.

#Q#

#quedar,# to remain.

#queja,# f. complaint.

#quemar,# to burn.

#querer,# to wish,# like.

#querido, -a,# dear.

#quesera,# f. dairy.

#queso,# m. cheese.

#quien,# who,# whom, he who (as an interrogate, takes accent).

#quiere,# pres. ind. of #querer; ¿qué —Vd.?# what do you expect?

#quieto, -a,# quiet.

#quinto, -a,# fifth.

#quis-e, -o,# pret. of #querer.#

#quisieran,# impf. subj. of #querer.#

#quitar,# to leave, take off. or away.

#quizás,# perhaps.

#R#

#racimo,# m. bunch of grapes, cluster.

#rama,# f. branch.

#ramillete,# m. bouquet.

#ramo,# m. branch.

#rancho,# m. ranch.

#rapidez,# f. rapidity.

#rápido, -a,# rapid.

#raro, -a,# rare, infrequent.

#rato,# m. short time.

#raudal,# m. stream, abundance.

#rayar,# to border on.

#rayo,# m. ray, flash of lightning.

#raza,# f. race.

#razón,# f. reason, cause; #tener —,# to be right.

#reaccionario,# m. conservative, reactionary.

#realidad,# f. reality.

#realizable,# which can be realized.

#realización,# f. realization.

#realizar,# to realize.

#realzar,# to heighten the color, increase.

#rebaño,# m. flock, herd.

#rebazo,# m. shawl or scarf for the head.

#rebelde,# m. rebel.

#rebosar,# to overflow, abound.

#rebozo,# m. shawl.

#recatado, -a,# modest, circumspect.

#recato,# m. prudence.

#recibir,# to receive.

#recitar,# to recite.

#recién,# recently.

#recluta,# m. or f. recruit.

#recoger,# to collect, gather.

#recogimiento,# m. abstraction, concentration.

#recompensar,# to reward.

#recóndito, -a,# hidden.

#reconocer,# to recognize, scrutinize.

#reconociese,# impf. subj. of #reconocer.#

#recordar,# to remember.

#recorrer,# to run over.

#recuerdo,# pres. ind. of #recordar.#

#recuerdo,# m. remembrance, recollection.

#recurso,# m. resource.

#redentor,# m. redeemer, savior.

#redimido, -a,# redeemed, ransomed.

#reducir,# to reduce.

#redujera,# impf. subj. of #reducir.#

#reduzca,# pres. subj. of #reducir.#

#referir,# to tell, relate.

#refiero,# pres. ind. of #referir.#

#reflexión,# f. reflection.

#reflexionar,# to reflect.

#refrigerio,# m. refreshment.

#regalado, -a,# easy, pampered.

#regalar,# to present.

#regar,# to water, shower.

#regenerado, -a,# regenerated.

#regimiento,# m. regiment.

#regla,# f. rule.

#regocijar,# to rejoice.

#regocijo,# m. delight, pleasure.

#regular,# customary, moderate, canonical.

#reinar,# to reign.

#reir,# to laugh.

#rejuvenecer,# to become young again.

#relativo, -a,# comparative.

#relato,# m. narration, account.

#religión,# f. religion, creed, system of religion.

#religioso, -a,# religious.

#remedio,# m. remedy.

#remordimiento,# m. remorse.

#remoto, -a,# remote.

#rencor,# m. rancor, grudge.

#rendido, -a,# exhausted, worn out.

#rendir#, to conquer, surrender, be tired.

#renovar#, to renew.

#repartido, -a#, distributed.

#repartirse#, to be distributed.

#repasar#, to review.

#repente#, m. sudden movement; #de —#, suddenly.

#repentinamente#, suddenly.

#repetir#, to repeat.

#repique#, m. chime; # —a vuela#, peal.

#replicar#, to answer.

#reponerse#, to recover oneself.

#reposar#, to rest.

#reposo#, m. rest, repose.

#representarse#, to be played.

#reproducir#, to reproduce.

#republicano, -a#, republican.

#repugnar#, to repel.

#reputar#, to esteem.

#requerir#, to require, need.

#res#, f., head of cattle.

#resentido, -a#, angry, resentful.

#resentirse#, to be weakened, impaired.

#reservar#, to reserve.

#residir#, to reside.

#resienten#, pres. ind. of #resentir#.

#resignar#, to resign.

#resolver#, to resolve.

#resonar#, to resound.

#respetable#, respectable.

#respetar#, to respect.

#respeto#, m. regard.

#respirar#, to breathe.

#resplandeciente#, resplendent.

#responder#, to reply, guarantee.

#resucitar#, to resuscitate.

#resuelto#, p.p. of #resolver#.

#resuelto, -a#, steady, resolute.

#resultado#, m. outcome.

#retaguardia#, f. rear guard.

#retener#, to retain.

#retirar#, to withdraw.

#retribución#, f. fee, recompense.

#reunir#, to gather, reunite; #—se#, to join.

#revelar#, to reveal.

#revestir#, to clothe.

#revivir#, to revive.

#rey#, m. king.

#Reyes Magos#, the three Wise Men.

#riachuelo#, m. brook, stream.

#rico, -a#, rich.

#ridículo#, m. ridicule, mockery.

#rielar#, to glisten, shine.

#rienda#, f. bridle rein.

#riesgo#, m. risk.

#rigor#, m. rigor; #de —#, usual.

#rigorosamente#, rigorously.

#riguroso, -a#, severe, rigid.

#rincón#, m. corner.

#risueño, -a#, smiling, attractive.

#robar#, to rob.

#roble#, m. oak.

#robusto, -a#, robust.

#roca#, f. rock.

#rocío#, m. dew.

#rodar#, to roll.

#rodear#, to surround.

#rodilla#, f. knee.

#rogar#, to ask, beg.

#rojo, -a#, red.

#romance#, m. historic ballad.

#romper#, to break; #sin — el alba#, without dawn breaking.

#ropa#, f. drygoods, clothes.

#rosa; color de# —, pink.

#rostro#, m. face.

#roza#, f. clearing.

#rubio, -a#, blond.

#rubor#, m. blush, flush.

#rudeza#, f. hardness, great effort, brusqueness.

#rudo, -a#, rude, uncultured.

#ruego#, pres. ind. of #rogar.#

#ruido#, m. sound, noise.

#rumbo#, m. direction, neighborhood, district.

#rústico, -a#, rustic.

#rutina#, f. routine.

#S#

#saber#, to know; #a——#, for example.

#sabio, -a#, learned.

#sabor; a——#, at pleasure.

#Saboya#, Savoy.

#sabrosamente#, agreeably.

#sabroso, -a#, savory, pungent.

#sacar#, to draw out, take out.

#sacerdotal#, ministerial.

#sacerdote#, m. priest, clergyman.

#sacrificar#, to sacrifice.

#sacrificio#, sacrifice.

#sacristía#, f. vestry.

#sagrado, -a#, sacred.

#salar#, to salt, season; #—se# (Mex.), to become contaminated.

#saldrás,# fut. of #salir#.

#salga#, pres. subj. of #salir.#

#salida#, f. departure.

#salir#, to go out, appear.

#saloncito#, m. little salon, parlor.

#salpicar#, to sprinkle, dot.

#salteador#, m. highwayman.

#salto#, m. jump; #dar —s#, to jump.

#salud#, f. health.

#saludar#, to salute, bow.

#Salvador#, Savior.

#salvaje#, m. savage.

#salvar#, to save.

#sanción,# f. sanction.

#sangre#, f. blood.

#sano, -a#, wholesome.

#sansculote# (name by which the French aristocrats designated, in 1789, the revolutionists), m. revolutionist.

#santificado, -a#, sanctified.

#santo, -a#, sainted, holy.

#sarta#, f. string (of beads or pearls).

#satisfacer#, to satisfy.

#satisfaría,# cond. of #satisfacer.#

#sayón#, m. executioner, ugly fellow.

#sazón#, f. season.

#sé#, pres. ind. of #saber; un no — qué de#, an inexplicable something.

#sea#, pres. subj. of #ser.#

#seco, -a#, dry.

#secuestrar#, to kidnap; #—se#, to withdraw.

#seda#, f. silk.

#sedentario, -a,# sedentary.

#seguida#, /. succession; #en# —, forthwith.

#seguir#, to follow, continue.

#según,# according to, as.

#segundo, -a,# second.

#seguramente#, certainly.

#seguro, -a,# sure.

#semblante#, m. face.

#sembrar#, to sow.

#semejante#, such, similar; (noun) m. fellow-creature.

#semejanza#, f. resemblance.

#semilla#, f. seed.

#sencillez#, f. simplicity.

#sencillo, -a,# simple.

#senda#, f. path.

#sendero#, m. path.

#seno#, m. depth, innermost recess, bosom.

#sensatez#, f. good sense, reasonableness.

#sensato, -a,# sensible.

#sensible#, sensitive.

#sensual#, sensitive, sensuous.

#sentar#, to seat; suit.

#sentido#, m. feeling, sense; #perder#—, to lose consciousness.

#sentimiento#, m. feeling, sorrow.

#sentir#, to feel, be sorry.

#seña#, f. sign, gesture.

#señalar,# to point out.

#señor,# m. sir, lord.

#señora,# f. lady, madam.

#sepa#, pres. subj. of #saber#.

#ser#, to be.

#sereno, -a,# serene.

#seriamente#, seriously.

#servicio#, m. service.

#servir#, to serve; —#se#, to please; #Vd. se servirá darme#, you will please give me.

#severo, -a,# severe.

#sexto, -a,# sixth.

#si#, if.

#sí#, yes; self.

#siembra#, f. seedtime, sowing, sown field.

#siempre#, always.

#siente#, pres. ind. of #sentir#.

#sierra#, f. mountain range or ridge.

#siga#, pres. subj. of #seguir#.

#siglo#, m. century.

#signo#, m. sign.

#siguiente#, following.

#silencio#, m. silence.

#silencioso, -a,# silent.

#silvestre#, wild.

#simétricamente,# symmetrically.

#simonía,# f. simony.

#simpatía,# f. sympathy.

#simpático, -a,# congenial, pleasing.

#sin#, without; —#embargo#, notwithstanding.

#sinceridad#, f. sincerity.

#sincero, -a,# sincere.

#sino#, but, except, only; — #que#, except.

#sintiendo#, pres. part, of #sentir#.

#sinuoso, -a,# winding.

#sirven#, pres. ind. of #servir#.

#sitio#, m. place.

#soberano, -a,# sovereign, supreme.

#soberbio, -a,# proud.

#sobrar,# to be more than enough.

#sobre,# on, upon; — #todo,# especially.

#sobrecargar,# to overload.

#sobremanera,# excessively.

#sobrepelliz,# f. surplice.

#sobretodo,# m. overcoat.

#sobrina,# f. niece.

#sol,# m. sun.

#solamente,# only.

#soldado,# m. soldier.

#soledad,# f. solitude.

#solemne,# solemn.

#soler,# to be accustomed to, be used to.

#solitario, -a,# solitary.

#solo,# alone; #a solas,# alone, unaided.

#sólo,# only.

#soltar,# to loosen, let go.

#sollozar,# to sob.

#sombra,# f. shade, darkness.

#sombreado, -a,# shaded.

#sombrero,# m. hat.

#sombría,# f. shady place.

#sombrío, -a,# sullen, gloomy.

#sometido, -a,# submitted.

#son,# m. sound.

#sonar,# to sound.

#sonoro, -a,# sonorous.

#sonreír,# to smile.

#sonrisa,# f. smile.

#sonrojar,# to blush.

#sonrosado, -a,# rosy.

#soñar (con),# to dream (of).

#sopa,# f., soup.

#sorprender,# to surprise.

#sorpresa,# f. surprise.

#sostener,# to sustain.

#sotana,# f. cassock.

#soy,# pres. ind. of #ser.#

#suave,# gentle.

#suavizar,# to soften.

#subalterno, -a,# subaltern.

#súbito,# sudden; #de# —, suddenly.

#subjugar,# to subdue, overcome.

#sublimidad,# f. sublimity.

#substituir,# to substitute.

#sudar,# to sweat.

#suele,# pres. ind. of #soler.#

#suelo,# m. ground, soil.

#suena,# pres. ind. of #sonar.#

#sueño,# m. dream.

#suerte,# f. fate.

#sufrimiento,# m. suffering.

#sufrir,# to suffer.

#suizo, -a,# Swiss.

#sujetarse,# to submit.

#sujeto,# m. subject, fellow.

#suma,# f. sum; #en#—, in short.

#sumo, -a,# greatest, highest.

#suntuoso, -a,# sumptuous.

#sup-e,# #—o,# pret. of #saber#.

#superchería,# f. fraud, deceit.

#supiera,# impf. subj. of #saber#.

#súplica,# f. petition.

#suponer,# to suppose, imagine.

#supondrá,# fut. of #suponer#.

#supondría,# cond. of #suponer#.

#suprimir,# to suppress, abolish.

#supuesto, -a#, supposed; #por—#, of course.

#surcado, -a#, furrowed.

#susodicho, -a#, above mentioned, aforesaid.

#suspirar#, to sigh.

#suspiro#, m. sigh.

#sustentar#, to sustain.

#susto#, m. fright.

#T#

#taciturnidad#, f. taciturnity.

#tal#, such, so, as; #¿y qué —?# and what do you think? #con — de que#, provided that.

#tal vez#, perhaps.

#taladrar#, to pierce.

#talento#, m. intellect.

#taller#, m. workshop.

#tamaño, -a#, so large or so small (denoting size with gesture).

#también#, too, also, even.

#tamboril#, m. timbrel.

#tampoco#, neither, as little.

#tan#, so.

#tanto, -a#, so much or many; #por lo —#, therefore; #— más#, so much the more; #— cuanto que#, all the more so because; #— como#, all that.

#tañedor#, m. player (of musical instrument).

#tañido#, m. sound, ring.

#tardar (en)#, to delay, be long in.

#tarde#, f. afternoon, evening; (adv.) late.

#tarea#, f. task, work, labor.

#techo#, m. roof.

#techumbre#, f. lofty roof.

#teja#, f. roof tile.

#tejido#, m. thatch.

#tela#, f. fabric, cloth.

#tema#, m. text, subject.

#temblar#, to tremble.

#temer#, to fear.

#temerario, -a#, fearless.

#tempestad#, f. tempest.

#templo#, m. temple, church.

#tenaz#, tenacious.

#tendré#, fut. of #tener#.

#tendría#, cond. of #tener#.

#tender#, to lie in wait, stretch.

#tener#, to have, hold; #¿qué tiene Vd.?# what is the matter with you? #— que# + inf., to have to.

#tenga#, pres. subj. of #tener#.

#tengo#, pres. ind. of #tener#.

#teoría#, f. theory.

#terminar#, to terminate.

#término#, m. end.

#ternura#, f. tenderness.

#terreno#, m. earth, land.

#tiempo#, m. time.

#tienda#, f. shop, store.

#tierno, -a#, tender.

#tierra#, f. earth.

#tío, -a#, m. or f. uncle, aunt.

#tipo#, m. type.

#titánico, -a#, titanic.

#tocador#, m. player (of music).

#tocar#, to play.

#todavía#, yet, still.

#todo, -a#, all; #por todas partes#, everywhere.

#toldo#, m. canopy.

#tomar#, to take; #— por su cuenta#, to take upon oneself.

#toque#, m. ringing of bells.

#torbellino#, m. whirlwind.

#torneado, -a#, turned (with a lathe), shaped.

#toro#, m. bull.

#torre#, f., tower.

#torrente#, m. torrent.

#torta#, f., cake.

#tortilla# (Mex.), f. flat thin cake.

#tortura#, f., torture.

#trabajador, -ora#, laborious.

#trabajar#, to work.

#trabajo#, m. work, hardship, tribulation.

#traer#, to bring, carry.

#traje#, m. clothes, costume.

#tranquilo, -a#, tranquil.

#tranquilizar#, to pacify, reassure.

#trascurrir#, to pass, transpire.

#trasladar#, to transcribe.

#trasmitir#, to transmit.

#traspasar#, to pierce.

#trasportar#, to transport.

#tratar#, to try, treat.

#través#, m. bias, reverse; #al —#, across.

#trayendo#, pres. part. of #traer#.

#trecho#, m. space; #de — en —# at short distances.

#trémulo, -a#, tremulous.

#trepadora#, f. climber, creeper.

#tributar#, to pay.

#trigo#, m. wheat.

#triste#, sad.

#tristeza#, f. sadness.

#tronco#, m. trunk.

#tropa#, f., troop.

#trovador#, m troubadour.

#turbación#, f. confusion.

#turbante#, m. turban.

#turbar#, to disturb.

#tuve#, pret. of #tener#.

#tuviera#, impf. subj. of #tener#.

#U#

#últimamente#, recently.

#último, -a#, last.

#unánime#, unanimous.

#unción#, f., emotion.

#único, -a#, only.

#unos, -as#, some.

#usar#, to use.

#uso#, m. use.

#útil#, useful.

#V#

#va#, pres. ind. of #ir#.

#vacada#, f., drove or herd of cows.

#vacilar#, to hesitate.

#vacuno, -a#, belonging to cattle, bovine.

#vago, -a#, vague.

#vago#, m. vagabond.

#valer#, to be worth.

#valía#, f, price, value.

#valiente#, brave.

#valor#, m. value.

#valle#, m. valley.

#v-an, -amos#, pres. ind. of #ir; ¡vamos!# (interj.) come now!

#¸vano, -a,# vain, empty.

#vaquero#, m. cowherd.

#variado, -a,# variegated.

#vario, -a,# various, different.

#varón#, m. man.

#varonil#, manly.

#vascongado, -a,# Basque.

#vaya#, pres. subj. of #ir#.

#Vd.,# you.

#vecino, -a,# m. or f. neighbor.

#vegetal#, vegetable.

#vejez#, f. old age.

#velada#, f., watch.

#velar#, to veil.

#ven#, impv. of #venir#.

#vendedor, -ora#, m. or f. seller, salesman or woman.

#vender#, to sell.

#vendría,# cond. of #venir#.

#venerar#, to venerate.

#venga#, pres. subj. of #venir#.

#vengo#, pres. ind. of #venir#.

#venida#, f. arrival, coming.

#venir#, to come.

#ventana#, f. window.

#ventura#, f. fortune, happiness.

#ver#, to see; #era de —se#, it was worth seeing.

#verdad#, f. truth.

#verdaderamente#, truly.

#verdadero, -a,# true.

#verdugo#, m. executioner.

#vergüenza#, f. shame, disgrace.

#verídico, -a,# authentic.

#versillo#, m. dim. of #verso#.

#verso,# m. verse.

#vértigo,# m. dizziness.

#vestido#,m. dress, garb.

#vestir#, to dress, wear.

#vez#, f. time; #de una —#, at once; #a veces#, at times; #tal —# perhaps; #a mi —#, in my turn.

#ví#, pret. of #ver#.

#viaje#, m. journey.

#viajero#, m. traveler.

#vicario#, m. vicar.

#vicio#, m. vice.

#vicioso, -a,# vicious.

#víctima#, f. victim.

#victoria#, f. victory.

#victorioso, -a#, victorious.

#vida#, f. life.

#viejo, -a#, old.

#vienen#, pres. ind. of #venir#.

#viento,# m. wind.

#viga#, f. beam.

#villancico#, m. Christmas carol.

#vin-e, -o, -ieron#, pret. of #venir#.

#viniese#, impf. subj. of #venir#.

#vino#, m. wine.

#viñedo#, m. vineyard.

#virtud#, f. virtue.

#virtuoso, -a#, virtuous.

#visita#, f. visit, caller.

#visitar#, to visit.

#vista#, f. sight, view.

#visto#, p.p. of #ver#.

#vistoso, -a#, gay, many-colored, showy.

#¡viva!# long live!

#vividor#, m. epicurean.

#vivir#, to live.

#voluntad#, f. will, resolution.

#volver#, to turn, return; #—se#, to become; #— a# + inf., again.

#voto#, m. prayer.

#voz#, f. voice.

#vuelo#, m. flight, sweep; #a —#: see #repique#.

#vuelta#, f. turn; #dar una —#, to take a walk.

#vulgar#, common, ordinary; _see footnote for this section.

#Y#

#y#, and.

#ya#, already (sometimes used merely for emphasis).

#yerba#, f., herb, grass.

#Z#

#zagala#, f., shepherdess, maid.

#zampona#, f. rustic flute.

#zapato#, m. shoe.