NOTES:
[370] estar limitado con, to be bounded by, to border upon.
[371] por primera vez, for the first time.
[372] efectuarse, to take place.
[373] hacer escala en, to put in at, to stop (of boats), to dock.
REFRANES
Mucho tiene que hacer quien ha de dar gusto a todos.
It is hard to please everybody.
El trabajo hace la vida agradable.
Work makes life pleasant.
Más vale maña que fuerza.
Skill is better than strength.
Haz bien y no mires a quien.
Do good to all.
Por donde menos se piensa, salta la liebre.
Things often come from where we least expect them.
En boca del mentiroso lo cierto se hace dudoso.
Even the truth, in a liar's mouth, becomes doubtful.
Quien busca halla.
Seek and ye shall find.
Al hombre osado la fortuna le da la mano.
Fortune favors the bold.
Las almas de buen temple no se abaten en la desgracia ni
se degradan en la pobreza.
Neither misfortune nor poverty can vanquish or bring low
the noble soul.
Al mentiroso conviene ser memorioso.
Liars should have good memories.
La verdad, aunque severa, es amiga verdadera.
Truth, harsh though it be, is a faithful friend..
Palabras y plumas, el viento las lleva.
Words like feathers are tossed about lightly.
Donde hay gana hay maña.
Where there's a will there's a way.
No es oro todo lo que reluce.
All is not gold that glitters.
Quien todo lo quiere, todo lo pierde.
Want all, lose all.
Quien bien siembra bien recoge.
He who does good is repaid in kind.
La constancia hace milagros.
Perseverance works wonders.
Quien mucho duerme poco aprende.
Lack of industry, lack of knowledge.
APÉNDICE DE VERBOS
| VERBOS REGULARES | ||
| Primera Conjugación | ||
| Infinitivo | Gerundio | Participio Pasivo |
| hablar, to speak | hablando, speaking | hablado, spoken |
| TIEMPOS SIMPLES | ||
| Modo Indicativo | ||
| Presente | ||
| yo | habl o | I speak, am speaking, do speak. |
| tú | habl as | You (familiar singular) speak, etc. |
| él, ella | habl a | He, she speaks, etc. |
| usted | habl a | You (polite singular) speak, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | habl amos | We speak, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | habl áis | You (familiar plural) speak, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | habl an | They speak, etc. |
| ustedes | habl an | You (polite plural) speak, etc. |
| Imperfecto | ||
| yo | habl aba | I was speaking, used to speak, spoke. |
| tú | habl abas | You (familiar singular) were speaking, etc. |
| él, ella | habl aba | He, she was speaking, etc. |
| usted | habl aba | You (polite singular) were speaking, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | habl ábamos | We were speaking, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | habl abais | You (familiar plural) were speaking, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | habl aban | They were speaking, etc. |
| ustedes | habl aban | You (polite plural) were speaking, etc. |
| Pretérito | ||
| yo | habl é | I spoke, did speak. |
| tú | habl aste | You (familiar singular) spoke, etc. |
| él, ella | habl ó | He, she spoke, etc. |
| usted | habl ó | You (polite singular) spoke, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | habl amos | We spoke, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | habl asteis | You (familiar plural) spoke, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | habl aron | They spoke, etc. |
| ustedes | habl aron | You (polite plural) spoke, etc. |
| Futuro | ||
| yo | hablar é | I shall speak, be speaking. |
| tú | hablar ás | You will speak, etc. |
| él, ella | hablar á | He, she will speak, etc. |
| usted | hablar á | You will speak, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | hablar emos | We shall speak, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | hablar éis | You will speak, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | hablar án | They will speak, etc. |
| ustedes | hablar án | You will speak. |
| Condicional | ||
| yo | hablar ía | I should or would speak, be speaking. |
| tú | hablar ías | You would speak, etc. |
| él, ella | hablar ía | He, she would speak, etc. |
| usted | hablar ía | You would speak, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | hablar íamos | We should or would speak, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | hablar íais | You would speak, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | hablar ían | They would speak, etc. |
| ustedes | hablar ían | You would speak, etc. |
| Modo Subjuntivo | ||
| Presente | ||
| yo | habl e | I may speak, be speaking.[374g] |
| tú | habl es | You may speak, etc. |
| él, ella | habl e | He, she may speak, etc. |
| usted | habl e | You may speak, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | habl emos | We may speak, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | habl éis | You may speak, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | habl en | They may speak, etc. |
| ustedes | habl en | You may speak, etc. |
| Imperfecto, Primera Forma | ||
| yo | habl ase | I might speak, be speaking.[374a] |
| tú | habl ases | You might speak, etc. |
| él, ella | habl ase | He, she might speak, etc. |
| usted | habl ase | You might speak, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | habl ásemos | We might speak, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | habl aseis | You might speak, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | habl asen | They might speak, etc. |
| ustedes | habl asen | You might speak, etc. |
| Imperfecto, Segunda Forma | ||
| yo | habl ara | I might speak, be speaking.[374b] |
| tú | habl aras | You might speak, etc. |
| él, ella | habl ara | He, she might speak, etc. |
| usted | habl ara | You might speak, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | habl áramos | We might speak, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | habl arais | You might speak, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | habl aran | They might speak, etc. |
| ustedes | habl aran | You might speak, etc. |
| Futuro | ||
| yo | habl are | I may speak, be speaking.[375] |
| tú | habl ares | You may speak, etc. |
| él, ella | habl are | He, she may speak, etc. |
| usted | habl are | You may speak, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | habl áremos | We may speak, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | habl areis | You may speak, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | habl aren | They may speak, etc. |
| ustedes | habl aren | You may speak, etc. |
| Modo Imperativo | ||
| habla (tú) | speak (thou) | hablad (vosotros) speak (ye) |
| TIEMPOS COMPUESTOS | |
| Infinitivo | Gerundio |
| haber hablado, to have spoken | habiendo hablado, having spoken |
| Modo Indicativo | ||
| Perfecto | ||
| yo he | hablado | I have spoken, have been speaking. |
| tú has | hablado | You have spoken, etc. |
| él, ella ha | hablado | He, she has spoken, etc. |
| usted ha | hablado | You have spoken, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hemos | hablado | We have spoken, etc. |
| vosotros (as)habléis | hablado | You have spoken, etc. |
| ellos, ellas han | hablado | They have spoken, etc. |
| ustedes han | hablado | You have spoken, etc. |
| Pluscuamperfecto | ||
| yo había | hablado | I had spoken, had been speaking. |
| tú habías | hablado | You had spoken. |
| él, ella había | hablado | He, she had spoken. |
| usted había | hablado | You had spoken. |
| nosotros (as) habíamos | hablado | We had spoken. |
| vosotros (as) habíais | hablado | You had spoken. |
| ellos, ellas habían | hablado | They had spoken. |
| ustedes habían | hablado | You had spoken. |
| Pretérito Perfecto | ||
| yo hube | hablado | I had spoken. |
| tú hubiste | hablado | You had spoken. |
| él, ella hubo | hablado | He, she had spoken. |
| usted hubo | hablado | You had spoken. |
| nosotros (as) hubimos | hablado | We had spoken. |
| vosotros (as) hubisteis | hablado | You had spoken. |
| ellos, ellas hubieron | hablado | They had spoken. |
| ustedes hubieron | hablado | You had spoken. |
| Futuro Perfecto | ||
| yo habré | hablado | I shall have spoken, been speaking. |
| tú habrás | hablado | You will have spoken, etc. |
| él, ella habrá | hablado | He, she will have spoken, etc. |
| usted habrá | hablado | You will have spoken, etc. |
| nosotros (as) habremos | hablado | We shall have spoken, etc. |
| vosotros (as) habréis | hablado | You will have spoken, etc. |
| ellos, ellas habrán | hablado | They will have spoken, etc. |
| ustedes habrán | hablado | You will have spoken, etc. |
| Condicional Perfecto | ||
| yo habría | hablado | I should or would have spoken, been speaking. |
| tú habrías | hablado | You would have spoken, etc. |
| el, ella habría | hablado | He, she would have spoken, etc. |
| usted habría | hablado | You would have spoken, etc. |
| nosotros (as) habríamos | hablado | We should or would have spoken, etc. |
| vosotros (as) habríais | hablado | You would have spoken, etc. |
| ellos, ellas habrían | hablado | They would have spoken, etc. |
| ustedes habrían | hablado | You would have spoken, etc. |
| Modo Subjuntivo | ||
| Perfecto | ||
| yo haya | hablado | I may have spoken, been speaking.[376] |
| tú hayas | hablado | You may have spoken, etc. |
| él, ella haya | hablado | He, she may have spoken, etc. |
| usted haya | hablado | You may have spoken, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hayamos | hablado | We may have spoken, etc. |
| vosotros (as) hayáis | hablado | You may have spoken, etc. |
| ellos, ellas hayan | hablado | They may have spoken, etc. |
| ustedes hayan | hablado | You may have spoken, etc. |
| Pluscuamperfecto, Primera Forma | ||
| yo hubiese | hablado | I might have spoken, been speaking.[374c] |
| tú hubieses | hablado | You might have spoken, etc. |
| él, ella hubiese | hablado | He, she might have spoken, etc. |
| usted hubiese | hablado | You might have spoken, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hubiésemos | hablado | We might have spoken, etc. |
| vosotros (as) hubieseis | hablado | You might have spoken, etc. |
| ellos, ellas hubiesen | hablado | They might have spoken, etc. |
| ustedes hubiesen | hablado | You might have spoken, etc. |
| Pluscuamperfecto, Segunda Forma | ||
| yo hubiera | hablado | I might have spoken, been speaking.[374f] |
| tú hubieras | hablado | You might have spoken, etc. |
| él, ella hubiera | hablado | He, she might have spoken, etc. |
| usted hubiera | hablado | You might have spoken, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hubiéramos | hablado | We might have spoken, etc. |
| vosotros (as) hubierais | hablado | You might have spoken, etc. |
| ellos, ellas hubieran | hablado | They might have spoken, etc. |
| ustedes hubieran | hablado | You might have spoken, etc. |
| Futuro Perfecto | ||
| yo hubiere | hablado | I may have spoken, been speaking.[377] |
| tú hubieres | hablado | You may have spoken, etc. |
| él, ella hubiere | hablado | He, she may have spoken, etc. |
| usted hubiere | hablado | You may have spoken, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hubiéremos | hablado | We may have spoken, etc. |
| vosotros (as) hubiereis | hablado | You may have spoken, etc. |
| ellos, ellas hubieren | hablado | They may have spoken, etc. |
| ustedes hubieren | hablado | You may have spoken, etc. |
| Segunda Conjugación | ||
| Infinitivo | Gerundio | Participio Pasivo |
| comer, to eat | comiendo, eating | comido, eaten |
| TIEMPOS SIMPLES | ||
| Modo Indicativo | ||
| Presente | ||
| yo | com o | I eat, am eating, do eat. |
| tú | com es | You (familiar singular) eat, etc. |
| él, ella | com e | He, she eats, etc. |
| usted | com e | You (polite singular) eat, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | com emos | We eat, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | com éis | You (familiar plural) eat, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | com en | They eat, etc. |
| ustedes | com en | You (polite plural) eat, etc. |
| Imperfecto | ||
| yo | com ía | I was eating, used to eat, ate. |
| tú | com ías | You (familiar singular) were eating, etc. |
| él, ella | com ía | He, she was eating, etc. |
| usted | com ía | You (polite singular) were eating, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | com íamos | We were eating, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | com íais | You (familiar plural) were eating, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | com ían | They were eating, etc. |
| ustedes | com ían | You (polite plural) were eating, etc. |
| Pretérito | ||
| yo | com í | I ate, did eat. |
| tú | com iste | You ate, etc. |
| él, ella | com ió | He, she ate, etc. |
| usted | com ió | You ate, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | com imos | We ate, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | com isteis | You ate, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | com ieron | They ate, etc. |
| ustedes | com ieron | You ate, etc. |
| Futuro | ||
| yo | comer é | I shall eat, be eating. |
| tú | comer ás | You will eat, etc. |
| él, ella | comer á | He, she will eat, etc. |
| usted | comer á | You will eat, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | comer emos | We shall eat, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | comer éis | You will eat, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | comer án | They will eat, etc. |
| ustedes | comer án | You will eat, etc. |
| Condicional | ||
| yo | comer ía | I should or would eat, be eating. |
| tú | comer ías | You would eat, etc. |
| él, ella | comer ía | He, she would eat, etc. |
| usted | comer ía | You would eat, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | comer íamos | We should or would eat, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | comer íais | You would eat, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | comer ían | They would eat, etc. |
| ustedes | comer ían | You would eat, etc. |
| Modo Subjuntivo | ||
| Presente | ||
| yo | com a | I may eat, be eating.[378] |
| tú | com as | You may eat, etc. |
| él, ella, | com a | He, she may eat, etc. |
| usted | com a | You may eat, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | com amos | We may eat, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | com áis | You may eat, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | com an | They may eat, etc. |
| ustedes | com an | You may eat, etc. |
| Imperfecto, Primera Forma | ||
| yo | com iese | I might eat, be eating.[374e] |
| tú | com ieses | You might eat, etc. |
| él, ella | com iese | He, she might eat, etc. |
| usted | com iese | You might eat, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | com iésemos | We might eat, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | com ieseis | You might eat, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | com iesen | They might eat, etc. |
| ustedes | com iesen | You might eat, etc. |
| Imperfecto, Segunda Forma | ||
| yo | com iera | I might eat, be eating.[374] |
| tú | com ieras | You might eat, etc. |
| é1, ella | com iera | He, she might eat, etc. |
| usted | com iera | You might eat, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | com iéramos | We might eat, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | com ierais | You might eat, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | com ieran | They might eat, etc. |
| ustedes | com ieran | You might eat, etc. |
| Futuro | ||
| yo | com iere | I may eat, be eating.[379] |
| tú | com ieres | You may eat, etc. |
| él, ella | com iere | He, she may eat, etc. |
| usted | com iere | You may eat, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | com iéremos | We may eat, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | com iereis | You may eat, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | com ieren | They may eat, etc. |
| ustedes | com ieren | You may eat, etc. |
| Modo Imperativo | |
| come (tú) eat (thou) | comed (vosotros) eat (ye) |
| TIEMPOS COMPUESTOS | |
| Infinitivo | Gerundio |
| haber comido, to have eaten | habiendo comido, having eaten |
| Modo Indicativo | |
| Perfecto | |
| yo he | comido | I have eaten, have been eating. |
| tú has | comido | You have eaten, etc. |
| él, ella ha | comido | He, she has eaten, etc. |
| usted ha | comido | You have eaten, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hemos | comido | We have eaten, etc. |
| vosotros (as) habéis | comido | You have eaten, etc. |
| ellos, ellas han | comido | They have eaten, etc. |
| ustedes han | comido | You have eaten, etc. |
| Pluscuamperfecto | ||
| yo había | comido | I had eaten, had been eating. |
| tú habías | comido | You had eaten, etc. |
| él, ella había | comido | He, she had eaten, etc. |
| usted había | comido | You had eaten, etc. |
| nosotros (as) habíamos | comido | We had eaten, etc. |
| vosotros (as) habíais | comido | You had eaten, etc. |
| ellos, ellas habían | comido | They had eaten, etc. |
| ustedes habían | comido | You had eaten, etc. |
| Pretérito Perfecto | ||
| yo hube | comido | I had eaten. |
| tú hubiste | comido | You had eaten. |
| él, ella hubo | comido | He, she had eaten. |
| usted hubo | comido | You had eaten. |
| nosotros (as) hubimos | comido | We had eaten. |
| vosotros (as) hubisteis | comido | You had eaten. |
| ellos, ellas hubieron | comido | They had eaten. |
| ustedes hubieron | comido | You had eaten. |
| Futuro Perfecto | ||
| yo habré | comido | I shall have eaten, been eating. |
| tú habrás | comido | You will have eaten, etc. |
| él, ella habrá | comido | He, she will have eaten, etc. |
| usted habrá | comido | You will have eaten, etc. |
| nosotros (as) habremos | comido | We shall have eaten, etc. |
| vosotros (as) habréis | comido | You will have eaten, etc. |
| ellos, ellas habrán | comido | They will have eaten, etc. |
| ustedes habrán | comido | You will have eaten, etc. |
| Condicional Perfecto | ||
| yo habría | comido | I should or would have eaten, been eating. |
| tú habrías | comido | You would have eaten, etc. |
| él, ella habría | comido | He, she would have eaten, etc. |
| usted habría | comido | You would have eaten, etc. |
| nosotros (as) habríamos | comido | We should or would have eaten, etc. |
| vosotros (as) habríais | comido | You would have eaten, etc. |
| ellos, ellas habrían | comido | They would have eaten, etc. |
| ustedes habrían | comido | You would have eaten, etc. |
| Modo Subjuntivo | ||
| Perfecto | ||
| yo haya | comido | I may have eaten, been eating.[380] |
| tú hayas | comido | You may have eaten, etc. |
| él, ella haya | comido | He, she may have eaten, etc. |
| usted haya | comido | You may have eaten, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hayamos | comido | We may have eaten, etc. |
| vosotros (as) hayáis | comido | You may have eaten, etc. |
| ellos, ellas hayan | comido | They may have eaten, etc. |
| ustedes hayan | comido | You may have eaten, etc. |
| Pluscuamperfecto, Primera Forma | ||
| yo hubiese | comido | I might have eaten, been eating.[374h] |
| tú hubieses | comido | You might have eaten, etc. |
| él, ella hubiese | comido | He, she might have eaten, etc. |
| usted hubiese | comido | You might have eaten, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hubiésemos | comido | We might have eaten, etc. |
| vosotros (as) hubieseis | comido | You might have eaten, etc. |
| ellos, ellas hubiesen | comido | They might have eaten, etc. |
| ustedes hubiesen | comido | You might have eaten, etc. |
| Pluscuamperfecto, Segunda Forma | ||
| yo hubiera | comido | I might have eaten, been eating.[374i] |
| tú hubieras | comido | You might have eaten, etc. |
| él, ella hubiera | comido | He, she might have eaten, etc. |
| usted hubiera | comido | You might have eaten, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hubiéramos | comido | We might have eaten, etc. |
| vosotros (as) hubierais | comido | You might have eaten, etc. |
| ellos, ellas hubieran | comido | They might have eaten, etc. |
| ustedes hubieran | comido | You might have eaten, etc. |
| Futuro Perfecto | ||
| yo hubiere | comido | I may have eaten, been eating.[381] |
| tú hubieres | comido | You may have eaten, etc. |
| él, ella hubiere | comido | He, she may have eaten, etc. |
| usted hubiere | comido | You may have eaten, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hubiéremos | comido | We may have eaten, etc. |
| vosotros (as) hubiereis | comido | You may have eaten, etc. |
| ellos, ellas hubieren | comido | They may have eaten, etc. |
| ustedes hubieren | comido | You may have eaten, etc. |
| Tercera Conjugación | ||
| Infinitivo | Gerundio | Participio Pasivo |
| vivir, to live | viviendo, living | vivido, lived |
| TIEMPOS SIMPLES | ||
| Modo Indicativo | ||
| Presente | ||
| yo | viv o | I live, am living, do live. |
| tú | viv es | You (familiar singular) live, etc. |
| él, ella | viv e | He, she lives, etc. |
| usted | viv e | You (polite singular) live, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | viv imos | We live, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | viv ís | You (familiar plural) live, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | viv en | They live, etc. |
| ustedes | viv en | You (polite plural) live, etc. |
| Imperfecto | ||
| yo | viv ía | I was living, used to live, etc. |
| tú | viv ías | You (familiar singular) were living, etc. |
| él, ella | viv ía | He, she was living, etc. |
| usted | viv ía | You (polite singular) were living, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | viv íamos | We were living, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | viv íais | You (familiar plural) were living, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | viv ían | They were living. |
| ustedes | viv ían | You (polite plural) were living, etc. |
| Pretérito | ||
| yo | viv í | I lived, did live. |
| tú | viv iste | You lived, etc. |
| él, ella | viv ió | He, she lived, etc. |
| usted | viv ió | You lived, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | viv imos | We lived, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | viv isteis | You lived, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | viv ieron | They lived, etc. |
| ustedes | viv ieron | You lived, etc. |
| Futuro | ||
| yo | vivir é | I shall live, be living. |
| tú | vivir ás | You will live, etc. |
| él, ella | vivir á | He, she will live, etc. |
| usted | vivir á | You will live, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | vivir emos | We shall live, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | vivir éis | You will live, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | vivir án | They will live, etc. |
| ustedes | vivir án | You will live, etc. |
| Condicional | ||
| yo | vivir ía | I should or would live, be living.[374j] |
| tú | vivir ías | You would live, etc. |
| él, ella | vivir ía | He, she would live, etc. |
| usted | vivir ía | You would live, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | vivir íamos | We should or would live, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | vivir íais | You would live, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | vivir ían | They would live, etc. |
| ustedes | vivir ían | You would live, etc. |
| Modo Subjuntivo | ||
| Presente | ||
| yo | viv a | I may live, be living.[382] |
| tú | viv as | You may live, etc. |
| él, ella | viv a | He, she may live, etc. |
| usted | viv a | You may live, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | viv amos | We may live, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | viv áis | You may live, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | viv an | They may live, etc. |
| ustedes | viv an | You may live, etc. |
| Imperfecto, Primera Forma | ||
| yo | viv iese | I might live, be living.[374k] |
| tú | viv ieses | You might live, etc. |
| él, ella | viv iese | He, she might live, etc. |
| usted | viv iese | You might live, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | viv iésemos | We might live, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | viv ieseis | You might live, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | viv iesen | They might live, etc. |
| ustedes | viv iesen | You might live, etc. |
| Imperfecto, Segunda Forma | ||
| yo | viv iera | I might live, be living.[374l] |
| tú | viv ieras | You might live, etc. |
| él, ella | viv iera | He, she might live, etc. |
| usted | viv iera | You might live, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | viv iéramos | We might live, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | viv ierais | You might live, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | viv ieran | They might live, etc. |
| ustedes | viv ieran | You might live, etc. |
| Futuro | ||
| yo | viv iere | I may live, be living.[383] |
| tú | viv ieres | You may live, etc. |
| él, ella | viv iere | He, she may live, etc. |
| usted | viv iere | You may live, etc. |
| nosotros (as) | viv iéremos | We may live, etc. |
| vosotros (as) | viv iereis | You may live, etc. |
| ellos, ellas | viv ieren | They may live, etc. |
| ustedes | viv ieren | You may live, etc. |
| Modo Imperativo | ||
| vive (tú) live thou vivid (vosotros) live (ye) | ||
| TIEMPOS COMPUESTOS | ||
| Infinitivo | Gerundio | |
| haber vivido, to have lived | habiendo vivido, having lived | |
| Modo Indicativo | ||
| Perfecto | ||
| yo he | vivido | I have lived, been living. |
| tú has | vivido | You have lived, etc. |
| él, ella ha | vivido | He, she has lived, etc. |
| usted ha | vivido | You have lived, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hemos | vivido | We have lived, etc. |
| vosotros (as) habéis | vivido | You have lived, etc. |
| ellos, ellas han | vivido | They have lived, etc. |
| ustedes han | vivido | You have lived, etc. |
| Pluscuamperfecto | ||
| yo había | vivido | I had lived, been living. |
| tú habías | vivido | You had lived, etc. |
| él, ella había | vivido | He, she had lived, etc. |
| usted había | vivido | You had lived, etc. |
| nosotros (as) habíamos | vivido | We had lived, etc. |
| vosotros (as) habíais | vivido | You had lived, etc. |
| ellos, ellas habían | vivido | They had lived, etc. |
| ustedes habían | vivido | You had lived, etc. |
| Pretérito Perfecto | ||
| yo hube | vivido | I had lived. |
| tú hubiste | vivido | You had lived. |
| él, ella hubo | vivido | He, she had lived. |
| usted hubo | vivido | You had lived. |
| nosotros (as) hubimos | vivido | We had lived. |
| vosotros (as) hubisteis | vivido | You had lived. |
| ellos, ellas hubieron | vivido | They had lived. |
| ustedes hubieron | vivido | You had lived. |
| Futuro Perfecto | ||
| yo habré | vivido | I shall have lived, been living. |
| tú habrás | vivido | You will have lived, etc. |
| él, ella habrá | vivido | He, she will have lived, etc. |
| usted habrá | vivido | You will have lived, etc. |
| nosotros (as) habremos | vivido | We shall have lived, etc. |
| vosotros (as) habréis | vivido | You will have lived, etc. |
| ellos, ellas habrán | vivido | They will have lived, etc. |
| ustedes habrán | vivido | You will have lived, etc. |
| Condicional Perfecto | ||
| yo habría | vivido | I should or would have lived, been living. |
| tú habrías | vivido | You would have lived, etc. |
| él, ella habría | vivido | He, she would have lived, etc. |
| usted habría | vivido | You would have lived, etc. |
| nosotros (as) habríamos | vivido | We should or would have lived, etc. |
| vosotros (as) habríais | vivido | You would have lived, etc. |
| ellos, ellas habrían | vivido | They would have lived, etc. |
| ustedes habrían | vivido | You would have lived, etc. |
| Modo Subjuntivo | ||
| Perfecto | ||
| yo haya | vivido | I may have lived, been living.[384] |
| tú hayas | vivido | You may have lived, etc. |
| él, ella haya | vivido | He, she may have lived, etc. |
| usted haya | vivido | You may have lived, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hayamos | vivido | We may have lived, etc. |
| vosotros (as) hayáis | vivido | You may have lived, etc. |
| ellos, ellas hayan | vivido | They may have lived, etc. |
| ustedes hayan | vivido | You may have lived, etc. |
| Pluscuamperfecto, Primera Forma | ||
| yo hubiese | vivido | I might have lived, been living.[374m] |
| tú hubieses | vivido | You might have lived, etc. |
| él, ella hubiese | vivido | He, she might have lived, etc. |
| usted hubiese | vivido | You might have lived, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hubiésemos | vivido | We might have lived, etc. |
| vosotros (as) hubieseis | vivido | You might have lived, etc. |
| ellos, ellas hubiesen | vivido | They might have lived, etc. |
| ustedes hubiesen | vivido | You might have lived, etc. |
| Pluscuamperfecto, Segunda Forma | ||
| yo hubiera | vivido | I might have lived, been living.[374n] |
| tú hubieras | vivido | You might have lived, etc. |
| él, ella hubiera | vivido | He, she might have lived, etc. |
| usted hubiera | vivido | You might have lived, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hubiéramos | vivido | We might have lived, etc. |
| vosotros (as) hubierais | vivido | You might have lived, etc. |
| ellos, ellas hubieran | vivido | They might have lived, etc. |
| ustedes hubieran | vivido | You might have lived, etc. |
| Futuro Perfecto | ||
| yo hubiere | vivido | I may have lived, been living.[385] |
| tú hubieres | vivido | You may have lived, etc. |
| él, ella hubiere | vivido | He, she may have lived, etc. |
| usted hubiere | vivido | You may have lived, etc. |
| nosotros (as) hubiéremos | vivido | We may have lived, etc. |
| vosotros (as) hubiereis | vivido | You may have lived, etc. |
| ellos, ellas hubieren | vivido | They may have lived, etc. |
| ustedes hubieren | vivido | You may have lived, etc. |
| VERBOS IRREGULARES | ||
| Infinitivo | Gerundio | Participio Pasivo |
| 1. Andar, to walk | andando | andado |
| Pretérito: | Anduve, anduviste, anduvo, anduvimos, anduvisteis, anduvieron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Anduviese, anduvieses, etc.; anduviera, anduvieras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Anduviere, anduvieres, etc. |
| 2. Caber, to be contained in | cabiendo | cabido |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Quepo, cabes, cabe, cabemos, cabéis, caben. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Quepa, quepas, quepa, quepamos, quepáis, quepan. |
| Futuro y Condicional: | Cabré, cabrás, etc.; cabría, cabrías, etc. |
| Pretérito: | Cupe, cupiste, cupo, cupimos, cupisteis, cupieron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Cupiese, cupieses, etc.; cupiera, cupieras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Cupiere, cupieres, etc. |
| 3. Caer, to fall | cayendo | caído |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Caigo, caes, cae, caemos, caéis, caen. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Caiga, caigas, caiga, caigamos, caigáis, caigan. |
| Pretérito: | Caí, caíste, cayó, caímos, caísteis, cayeron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Cayese, cayeses, etc.; cayera, cayeras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Cayere, cayeres, etc. |
| 4. —ducir. All compounds of —ducir are conjugated like the verb traducir. | ||
| Traducir, to translate | traduciendo | traducido |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Traduzco, traduces, traduce, traducimos, traducís, traducen. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Traduzca, traduzcas, traduzca, traduzcamos, traduzcáis, traduzcan.. |
| Pretérito: | Traduje, tradujiste, tradujo, tradujimos, tradujisteis, tradujeron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Tradujese, tradujeses, etc.; tradujera, tradujeras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Tradujere, tradujeres, etc. |
| 5. Dar, to give | dando | dado |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Doy, das, da, damos, dais, dan. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den. |
| Pretérito: | Dí, diste, dió, dimos, disteis, dieron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | diese, dieses, etc.; diera, dieras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | diere, dieres, etc. |
| 6. Decir, to say, to tell | diciendo | dicho |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Digo, dices, dice, decimos, decís, dicen. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Diga, digas, diga, digamos, digáis, digan. |
| Futuro y Condicional: | Diré, dirás, etc.; diría, dirías, etc. |
| Pretérito: | Dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Dijese, dijeses, etc.; dijera, dijeras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Dijere, dijeres, etc. |
| Imperativo: | Di, decid. |
| 7. Estar, to be | estando | estado |
| 8. Haber, to have | habiendo | habido |
| Presente de Indicativo: | He, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan. |
| Futuro Y Condicional: | Habré, habrás, etc.; habría, habrías, etc. |
| Pretérito: | Hube, hubiste, hubo, hubimos, hubisteis, hubieron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Hubiese, hubieses, etc.; hubiera, hubieras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Hubiere, hubieres, etc. |
| Imperativo: | Hé, habed. |
| 9. Hacer, to make, to do | haciendo | hecho |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Haga, hagas, haga, hagamos, hagáis, hagan. |
| Futuro y Condicional: | Haré, harás, etc.; haría, harías, etc. |
| Pretérito: | Hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Hiciese, hicieses, etc.; hiciera, hicieras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Hiciere, hicieres, etc. |
| Imperativo: | Haz, haced. |
| 10. Ir, to go | yendo | ido |
| 11. Oír, to hear | oyendo | oído |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oís, oyen. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Oiga, oigas, oiga, oigamos, oigáis, oigan. |
| Pretérito: | Oí, oíste, oyó, oímos, oísteis, oyeron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Oyese, oyeses, etc.; oyera, oyeras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Oyere, oyeres, etc. |
| Imperativo: | Oye, oíd. |
| 12. Poder, to be able | pudiendo | podido |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Puedo, puedes, puede, podemos, podéis, pueden. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Pueda, puedas, pueda, podamos, podáis, puedan. |
| Futuro y Condicional: | Podré, podrás, etc.; podría, podrías, etc. |
| Pretérito: | Pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Pudiese, pudieses, etc.; pudiera, pudieras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Pudiere, pudieres, etc. |
| 13. poner, to put, to place | poniendo | puesto |
| 14. Querer, to wish, to want | queriendo | querido |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Quiero, quieres, quiere, queremos, queréis, quieren. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Quiera, quieras, quiera, queramos, queráis, quieran. |
| Futuro y Condicional: | Querré, querrás, etc.; querría, querrías, etc. |
| Pretérito: | Quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Quisiese, quisieses, etc.; quisiera, quisieras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Quisiere, quisieres, etc. |
| 16. Saber, to know | sabiendo | sabido |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Sé, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sabéis, saben. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan. |
| Futuro y Condicional: | Sabré, sabrás, etc.; sabría, sabrías, etc. |
| Pretérito: | Supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Supiese, supieses, etc.; supiera, supieras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Supiere, supieres, etc. |
| 16. Salir, to go out, to leave | saliendo | salido |
| 17. Ser, to be | siendo | sido |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean. |
| Imperfecto de Indicativo: | Era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran. |
| Pretérito: | Fuí, fuiste, fué, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Fuese, fueses, etc.; fuera, fueras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Fuere, fueres, etc. |
| Imperativo: | Sé, sed. |
| 18. Tener, to have | teniendo | tenido |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Tenga, tengas, tenga, tengamos, tengáis, tengan. |
| Futuro y Condicional: | Tendré, tendrás, etc.; tendría, tendrías, etc. |
| Pretérito: | Tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Tuviese, tuvieses, etc.; tuviera, tuvieras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Tuviere, tuvieres, etc. |
| Imperativo: | Ten, tened. |
| 19. Traer, to bring | trayendo | traído |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Traigo, traes, trae, traemos, traéis, traen. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Traiga, traigas, traiga, traigamos, traigáis, traigan. |
| Pretérito: | Traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajeron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Trajese, trajeses, etc.; trajera, trajeras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Trajere, trajeres, etc. |
| 20. Valer, to be worth | valiendo | valido |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Valgo, vales, vale, valemos, valéis, valen. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Valga, valgas, valga, valgamos, valgáis, valgan. |
| Futuro y Condicional: | Valdré, valdrás, etc.; valdría, valdrías, etc. |
| Imperativo: | Val, valed. |
| 21. Venir, to come | viniendo | venido |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, venís, vienen. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Venga, vengas, venga, vengamos, vengáis, vengan. |
| Futuro y Condicional: | Vendré, vendrás, etc.; vendría, vendrías, etc. |
| Pretérito: | Vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Viniese, vinieses, etc.; viniera, vinieras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Viniere, vinieres, etc. |
| Imperativo: | Ven, venid. |
| 22. Ver, to see | viendo | visto |
| Presente de Indicativo: | Veo, ves, ve, vemos, veis, ven. |
| Presente de Subjuntivo: | Vea, veas, vea, veamos, veáis, vean. |
| Imperfecto de Indicativo: | Veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían. |
| Pretérito: | Ví, viste, vió, vimos, visteis, vieron. |
| Imperfecto de Subjuntivo: | Viese, vieses, etc.; viera, vieras, etc. |
| Futuro de Subjuntivo: | Viere, vieres, etc. |