Madame Thérèse / Introduction and notes by Edward Manley

by Erckmann-Chatrian

VOCABULARY

Words identical in form and meaning in French and English, as well as a few others the meanings of which are evident, have been purposely omitted.

A

à, to, toward, at, in, for, with, of, by, from, on; as; about, against.

abaisser, to put down, lower; s'--, to lower, be lowered, stoop.

abandonné, -e, abandoned, left.

abandonner, to abandon, quit, leave, desert.

abattre, to beat, knock down; discourage.

abeille, f., bee.

abolir, to abolish, repeal.

abonner (s'), to subscribe (à, for).

abord, m., access, approach; d'--, at first; besides.

aboyer, to bark.

abreuver, to water, saturate; overwhelm.

abreuvoir, m., horse-pond.

absolu, -e, absolute, despotic.

absolument, absolutely.

accabler, to overwhelm, load with.

accepter, to accept, receive.

accompagner, to accompany.

accomplir, to effect, finish, complete, perform.

accord, m., agreement; d'--, harmonious, agreed.

accrocher, to hang (up).

accroupi, -e, crouching, seated.

accuser, to accuse.

acheminer (s'), to journey, proceed.

acheter, to buy.

achever, to finish; kill.

acte, m., document, certificate.

acti-f, -ve, active.

action, f., act; battle.

adieu, m., goodby, farewell.

adjugé, -e, gone! (at auctions), taken!

admirer, to admire.

adopter, to adopt.

adresse, f., address, skill; speech.

adresser, to address; s'-- à, to address oneself to.

affaire, f., thing, affair, matter, business.

affaisser (s'), to sink, give way.

affamé, -e, famished.

affection, f., love, attachment.

affreu-x, -se, frightful.

afin que, in order that.

âge, m., age.

agenouiller (s'), to kneel.

agir, to act, do; il s'agit (de), the problem is, we must.

agiter, to move, disturb; s'--, to move, writhe, struggle.

aide, m., helper; f., aid.

aider, to help.

aigu, -ë, piercing, sharp.

aiguille, f., needle; travaux d'--, needlework.

aile, f., wing.

ailleurs, elsewhere, otherwise; d'--, besides.

aimer, to love; -- mieux, to prefer.

aîné, -e, elder; m., elder (brother, &c.).

ainsi, thus, so; -- de suite, and so forth; pour -- dire, so to speak; -- que, as well as.

air, m., air; tune, manner; look; en l'--, astir, upward; grand --, open air; avoir l'--, to seem, appear; d'un --, in a manner; les yeux en l'--, looking upward.

aise, f., ease.

ajouter, to add.

alentour, around, about; d'--, neighboring.

aligné, -e, in a straight line.

aligner, to range, station.

allée, f., passageway, entry.

Allemand, m., German.

allemand, -e, German; m., German (man); en --, in German.

Allemande, f., German woman.

Allemagne, f., Germany.

aller, to go; -- (+ inf.), to be on the point of; s'en --, to depart; -- mieux, to be or get better; -- de mieux en mieux, to get better and better; comment va? how is? allons, come! well! -- coucher, to go to bed.

allongé, -e, elongated.

allonger, to stretch, quicken; -- se jambes, to exert oneself; s'--, to stretch.

allumer, to light.

almanach, m., almanac.

alors, then.

alouette, f., lark.

alsacien, -ne, Alsatian.

Altenberg, name of a local hill.

amasser, to heap up, amass.

amateur, m., lover, admirer.

ambulance, f., field hospital, ambulance wagon.

âme, f., soul, mind.

amener, to bring.

am-er, -ère, bitter; sad, painful.

amertume, f., bitterness; grief.

ami, m., friend.

amical, -e, friendly, kind.

amour, m. love; -- propre, self-respect.

amputer, to cut off, amputate.

amusement, m., entertainment.

amuser (s'), to amuse oneself, have a good time.

an, m., year.

ancien, -ne, old, former; l'--, old fellow.

anguleu-x, -se, angular.

animer, to give life, liven; s'--, to cheer up, grow animated.

année, f., year.

annoncer, to announce, inform.

apaiser, to soothe, pacify, calm; s'--, to be calmed, grow quiet.

apercevoir, to perceive, see; s'--, to be aware, notice.

apôtre, m., apostle.

apparaître, to appear.

appartenir, to belong (to).

appeler, to call; s'--, to be named, one's name is.

appétit, m., appetite.

applaudir, to applaud.

apporter, to bring.

apprendre, to learn, teach.

apprêter, to prepare.

approche, f., approach, coming.

approcher (and s'), (de), to approach; tr., draw up.

approuver, to approve, nod assent.

appuyé, -e, leaning.

appuyer, to lay stress on; s'--, to emphasize; lean (on).

après, after, afterward; next to.

après-midi, m., afternoon.

à-propos, m., fitness.

aquilin, -e, hooked, aquiline.

arbre, m., tree.

arche, short for marche, forward march!

ardoise, f., slate.

arête, f., fishbone; en --s, in sharp outlines.

argent, m., silver; money.

aristocrate, m., aristocrat.

arme, f., arm, weapon, gun; l'-- au bras, supporting arms.

armée, f., army.

armoire, f., closet.

arranger, to arrange.

arrêté, -e, resolved upon, fixed upon.

arrêter, to stop; s'--, to stop, stand still.

arrière, behind, backward; en --, back(ward).

arrivée, f., coming, arrival.

arriver, to arrive, come, keep, have come; happen; en arrivant, after arriving; il t'arrive de, you chance to.

arrondir, to make round, round.

assemblé, -e, assembled.

assemblée, f., gathering; parliament.

assembler, to unite, collect.

asseoir, to set, seat; s'--, to take a seat.

assez, enough, rather; bien --, quite enough.

assiette, f., plate.

assiettée, f., plateful.

assignat, m., paper money of the French Revolution.

assis, -e, seated.

assistant, m., person present.

assommer, to knock down.

assoupir (s'), to grow drowsy, fall asleep.

assurer, to assure.

âtre, m., fireplace.

attacher, to fasten, tie; s'--, to hold to.

attaque, f., attack.

attaquer, to attack.

attelage, m., team, teams.

attendre, to wait for, await; s'--, (à), to expect, count on.

attendri, -e, moved, affected.

attendrir, to move, affect; s'--, to be moved, grow tender.

attendrissement, m., tenderness; emotion.

attenti-f, -ve, attentive.

attirer, to draw, incite.

attrape, f., trap.

attraper, to catch, receive.

attrister, to make sad.

au, contraction for à le, to the, &c.

auberge, f., inn.

aubergiste, m., inn-keeper.

aucun, -e, any; no, not any.

audace, f., boldness.

audacieu-x, -se, daring, imprudent.

au-dessous (de), below, under; from below.

au-dessus (de), above.

augmenter, to increase.

aujourd'hui, to-day.

auparavant, before, first.

auprès (de), near by, close to, about.

auquel, for à lequel.

aussi, also, too; so, as; -- que, as ... as.

aussitôt, at once; -- que, as soon as.

autant, as much; -- que, as much as, as many as; d'-- plus que, so much the more so.

automne, m., autumn.

autour (de), around.

autre, other; l'--, the other; les --s, the others.

autrefois, formerly, once.

autrement, otherwise.

autrichien, -ne, Austrian.

auxquelles, for à lesquelles.

avaler, to swallow.

avance, f., projection; d'--, beforehand.

avancer, to advance, bring forward, s'--, to proceed, get on, advance.

avant, prep., before; adv., forward, before; en --, forward.

avantage, m., advantage, benefit.

avant-hier, day before yesterday.

avant-poste, m., outpost.

avare, m., miser.

avec, with.

avenir, m., future; à l'--, in the future.

aveugle, m. or f., blind person.

aveuglement, m., blindness.

avis, m., opinion, notice.

avoir, to have; keep; -- raison, to be right; -- tort, to be wrong; -- l'air, to seem; -- peur, to be afraid; -- faim, to be hungry; -- froid, to be cold; -- six ans, to be six years old; -- sommeil, to be sleepy; -- inquiétude, to be anxious; il y a, there is, there are; il y a trois jours, three days ago.

avoir, m., possessions.

avouer, to confess, admit.

ayant, pres. act. part. of avoir.

B

baguette, f., drumstick.

bâiller, to yawn.

baïonnette, f., bayonet; à la --, charge bayonets.

baiser, m., kiss.

baiser, to kiss.

baissé, -e, lowered.

baisser, to lower; se --, to stoop.

balai, m., broom.

balancer, to swing, flicker, move back and forth; se --, to swing, flicker.

balayer, to sweep.

balle, f., bullet.

bande, f., band, company; string, strip.

bandeau, m., bandage.

bandit, m., robber, vagabond.

baptême, m., christening.

baquet, m., trough, tub, bucket.

baraque, f., shed, hovel.

barbare, savage, rude.

barricader, to barricade.

barrière, f., barrier.

bas, -se, low, here below.

bas, m., lower part; stocking; en --, down stairs; du haut en --, from head to foot.

bas, adv., down, low; in a low tone; with a low ceiling.

bataille, f., battle, fight; livrer --, to fight a battle.

bataillon, m., battalion.

bâtir, to build; se --, to be built.

bâton, m., staff, stick.

battement, m., beating.

batterie, f., fight; battery.

battre, to beat, strike; se --, to fight; -- en retraite, to beat a retreat.

béant, -e, wide open.

beau or bel, belle, beautiful; lofty, noble; d'une belle, luckily; en --, on the bright side.

beaucoup, much, a great many, very.

bel, belle, see beau.

béni, -e, blessed.

bénir, to bless.

besoin, m., need, want; avoir -- de, to need, want; au --, in case of need.

bête, silly, stupid.

bête, f., animal.

bien, m., good; property.

bien, well, quite, fully; really, of course, to be sure; else; eh --, well! -- de, much, many; ou --, or (emphatic).

bienheureu-x, -se, happy; m., happy person.

bientôt, soon.

bique, f., mare.

bizarre, odd, strange.

blanc, -he, white; vin --, Rhine wine.

blanchir, to whiten, bleach.

blessé, -e, wounded.

blessure, f., wound, injury.

bleu, m., blue.

bleu, -e, blue.

bleuâtre, bluish.

blond, -e, fair, light; m., fair person.

boeuf, m., ox.

boire, to drink; -- un coup, to take a drink.

bois, m., wood, forest; stick; de --, wooden.

boisé, -e, wooded.

boisson, m., drink.

boîte, f., box, mail box.

boiter, to limp.

bon, -ne, good, favorable; à la bonne heure, good!

bond, m., leap, bound.

bondir, to leap.

bonheur, m., happiness, good fortune; avoir du --, to be lucky.

bonhomme, m., easy going man, "easy mark."

bonjour, m., good morning.

bonnement, plainly, simply.

bonnet, m., cap.

bonsoir, m., good evening.

bonté, f., goodness, kindness.

bord, m., edge; au --, on the edge.

botte, f., boot; bale.

bouche, f., mouth.

boucher, m., butcher.

boucle, f., buckle, curl.

boue, f., mud, mire.

boueu-x, -se, muddy.

bouffée, f., puff, whiff.

bouger, to stir, move.

bouillir, to boil.

bouillon, m., soup, broth; prendre un --, take a dish of broth.

boule, f., ball.

boulet, m., bullet.

bouleversement, m., overthrow.

bouleverser, tr., to overthrow, distort.

bourdonnement, m., buzzing, hum, murmur.

bourgeois, m., citizen.

bourgmestre, m., burgomaster, mayor.

bourrer, to stuff, fill.

bout, m., end; au -- de, at the edge of, on the point of; au -- d'un instant, after a short delay.

bouteille, f., bottle.

braise, f., live coal.

brancard, m., litter, stretcher.

branche, f., branch, bough.

brandir, to swing.

bras, m., arm, shaft (of a cart); -- dessus, -- dessous, arm in arm.

brave, true, honest, good, kind, noble.

bref, brève, short, sharp; adv., in short.

bretelle, f., suspenders.

bride, f., rein, bridle.

brigand, m., robber.

briller, to shine.

brillant, -e, bright.

brin, m., blade, sprig.

brindille, f., sprig, twig.

brisé, -e, broken.

briser (se), to be broken.

broche, f., spit.

broder, to embroider.

broderie, f., embroidery.

bruit, m., noise, report, talk.

brûler, tr., to burn.

brun, m., dark person.

brun, -e, swarthy, dark.

brusque, adj., abrupt, gruff.

brusquement, adv., gruffly, abruptly.

brutaliser, to treat brutally.

brutalité, f., brutality.

bruyère, f., briar, heath.

buanderie, f., laundry.

bûcher, m., woodhouse.

bûcheron, m., woodcutter.

buffleterie, f., straps of a drum.

buveur, m., drinker.

buvais, see boire.

C

ça, that; now, here.

cabaret, m., wineshop, inn.

cabaretier, m., innkeeper.

cacher, to hide.

cachet, m., seal.

cacheter, to seal.

cadavre, m., corpse.

café, m., coffee.

cafetière, f., coffee pot.

cahoter, to jerk, jolt.

caillé, -e, curdled.

caisse, f., box; drum.

caisson, m., ammunition wagon.

calme, m., stillness, quiet.

camarade, m., comrade.

camisole, f., dressing gown, knit jacket.

campagne, f., field, country; campaign; de --, country.

caniche, m. or adj., French poodle.

canon, m., cannon.

canonnier, m., gunner.

capacité, f., ability.

capitaine, m., captain.

caporal, m., corporal.

car, for, as, because.

caractère, m., character, disposition.

carafe, f., water bottle.

caresser, to caress.

carré, m., square.

carte, f., card, ticket; map.

cartouche, f., cartridge.

casaquin, m., short gown.

casser, to break.

casserole, f., saucepan.

cassine, f., hovel.

catechisme, m., catechism.

cause, f., cause, motive; à -- de, because of.

causer, to cause, talk.

cavalerie, f., cavalry.

cavalier, m., horseman.

cave, f., cave, cellar.

ce, cet, cette, ces, this, that, these, those.

ce for cela, it, that, he, she, they.

ceci, this.

cela, that; sans --, otherwise.

célébrer, to praise, celebrate.

céleste, heavenly.

celui, celle, ceux, celles, this, that, these, those.

celui-ci, celle-ci, ceux-ci, celles-ci, this, these.

celui-là, celle-là, ceux-là, celles-là, that, those; the former.

cendre, f., ashes.

cent, hundred.

centaine, f., a hundred.

cependant, however, nevertheless.

cercle, m., circle.

cerf, m., deer.

certain, -e, sure, positive.

cervelle, f., brain.

cesse, f., ceasing; sans --, constantly.

cesser, to cease.

cet, cette, see ce.

ceux, see celui.

chacun, -e, each, every; each one.

chagrin, m., sorrow.

chaîne, f., chain, line.

chair, f., flesh.

chaise, f., chair.

chambre, f., room.

champ, m., field; aux --s, in the fields.

chance, f., chance, good luck; opportunity.

chandelier, m., candlestick.

chandelle, f., candle.

changement, m., change.

changer, to alter, change.

chanson, m., song.

chant, m., song.

chanter, to sing, crow.

chapeau, m., hat; -- à cornes, three cornered hat, cocked hat.

chapitre, m., chapter.

chaque, each, every.

charbonnière, f., charcoal kiln; embers.

charge, f., load, armful; onset, charge; à la --, by storm.

chargé, -e, loaded, supplied.

charger, to load; charge.

charrette, f., wagon, cart.

charrue, f., plow.

chasser, to hunt; drive away, drive, expel.

chasseur, m., soldier in the light infantry.

châssis, m., window sash.

chaud, -e, hot.

chef, m., chief, commander; -- de bataillon, major.

chemin, m., way, road; -- de traverse, crossroad, short cut; -- de voiture, carriage road; grand --, main road, highway.

cheminée, f., fireplace, mantlepiece.

chemise, f., shirt, night dress.

chêne, m., oak.

ch-er, -ère, dear; dearly.

chercher, to seek, search for.

cherubin, m., cherub.

cheval, m., horse; à --, on horseback.

chevaucher, to ride.

chevelure, f., head of hair, hair.

cheveu, m., (a) hair; les --x, the hair.

chez, at, to, to or in(to) ...'s house or room; -- nous, our home.

chien, m., dog.

chirurgien, m., surgeon.

choisir, to choose.

choix, m., choice.

chose, f., thing, matter; -- future, coming event.

chou, m., cabbage.

choucroute, f., sauer kraut.

ciel, m., heaven, sky.

cinq, five.

cinquante, fifty.

circonstance, f., circumstance.

cire, f., wax.

citoyen, m., -ne, f., citizen.

clair, -e, clear, bright.

clairement, clearly.

claquer, to crack, break, snap.

classe, f., class; school.

clergé, m., clergy.

cligner, to blink, wink.

clin, m., wink, twinkling; -- d'un oeil, instant.

cliquetis, m., rattling.

clochette, f., sleighbell.

clos, -e, closed; nuit --e, dark.

clou, m., nail.

clouer, to nail, pin.

coeur, m., heart; feeling, inclination; de bon --, heartily; avoir bon --, to be affectionate; si le -- vous en dit, if you wish some, if you like it; en avoir le -- net, to get the facts.

cognac, m., brandy.

coiffé, -e (de), wearing (on the head).

coin, m., corner; au -- de l'horloge, in the corner where the clock is.

collet, m., collar; au --, by the collar.

colline, f., hill.

colombier, m., pigeon loft.

colonne, f., column.

combat, m., fight.

combattre, to fight.

combien, how much, how many; à --, how far; -- de fois, how often.

comble, m., summit, height; de fond en --, from top to bottom.

comique, funny.

commandant, m., major.

commandement, m., order.

commander, to command, order.

comme, like, as, so, as if, how, so much; since, because.

commencer, to begin.

comment, how, in what manner, in which.

commercer, to drive a bargain.

commère, f., old woman, gossip.

commission, f., errand.

commode, comfortable, convenient.

commun, -e, common, communal; maison --e, town hall.

communal, -e, communal, belonging to the town.

commune, f., village, town.

compagnie, f., company, society.

compagnon, m., companion.

complètement, completely.

comprendre, to understand.

compte, m., account; recevoir son --, to be dead, have one's account settled; tenir -- de, to heed.

compter, to count, reckon, include.

comte, m., count.

concasser, to break, smash.

concerner, to concern, relate to.

concevoir, to imagine.

concorde, f., harmony.

conducteur, m., leader.

conduire, to conduct, lead, drive, take, guide; se --, to behave oneself.

conduite, f. conduct; management, leadership; faire la --, to escort.

conférence, f., conference.

confiance, f., confidence, security.

confier, to entrust.

confisquer, to confiscate.

confondre, to confuse, overwhelm, overcome; se --, to mingle with one another.

confus, -e, confused, mixed, ashamed.

connaissance, f., knowledge, acquaintance, senses; friendship.

connaître, to know, be acquainted with; se --, to be an expert.

connu, -e, known.

conquérir, to conquer.

conseil, m., counsel, advice; council chamber; -- de guerre, court martial.

conseiller, m., alderman, selectman; to advise.

consentir, to agree, consent.

conserver, to keep.

considérable, considerable, of consequence, notable.

considération, m., consideration.

considérer, to consider, esteem.

consigne, f., orders, instructions.

consommation, f., consummation.

constater, to prove, ascertain.

consterner, to strike with consternation.

contempler, to gaze upon, view.

content, -e, satisfied, pleased.

contenter (se), (de), to be satisfied.

continuer, to keep on, continue.

contraire, m. or adj., opposite, contrary; au --, on the contrary.

contrairement, contrarily, contrary.

contre, against, contrary to, for.

contrebandier, m., smuggler.

convaincre, to convince; se --, to be convinced.

convenir, to agree, suit.

conventionnel, m., member of the National Assembly.

convertir, to convert; se --, to be converted.

convive, m., guest.

coq, m., rooster.

corbeau, m., crow.

corne, f., horn; chapeau à --s, cocked hat.

corps, m., body.

côte, f., hill, declivity; rib.

côté, m., side; à --, at the side, near by, in comparison with; de l'autre --, on the other side; du -- de, in the direction of; de son --, in his turn, on his part, on his side.

coton, m., cotton.

cou, m., neck.

coucher, to lay low, lie, lay; se --, to go to bed.

coude, m., elbow.

coudre, to sew.

couler, to flow, trickle.

couleur, f., color.

coup, m., blow, thrust, shock, stroke; drink, draught; puff; peal, crash; tout à --, all at once; -- d'oeil, glance; -- de feu or de fusil or de pistolet, shot.

couper, to cut, cut off; intercept.

cour, f., yard.

courageu-x, -se, courageous, brave.

courber, to bend; se --, to stoop.

courir, to run, ride.

couronner, to crown.

cours, m., course.

course, f., running; visit, call; pas de --, double quick.

court, -e, short.

cousant, see coudre.

couteau, m., knife.

coûter, to cost; -- la peine, to cause inconvenience.

couvent, m., convent.

couver, to hatch, hatch out.

couvercle, m., lid, cover; à -- de bois, bound in wood.

couvert, -e, covered; hindered.

couvrir, to cover; drown; impede.

craindre, to fear.

crainte, f., fear.

cramponné, -e, clinging.

cramponner, to fasten; se --, to cling.

cravate, f., necktie.

créature, f., creature, person.

créer, to create.

creuser, to dig.

creu-x, -se, hollow.

crever, to put out, break.

cri, m., cry, yelp.

crier, to cry out.

Croate, m., Croatian.

croire, to think, believe.

croisé, -e, crossed.

croix, f., cross.

crotté, -e, muddy.

croupe, f., rump (of an animal).

croûte, f., crust; casser une --, to have a bite.

croyance, f., belief.

cru, see croire.

cruchon, m., little pitcher.

cruel, -le, cruel.

cuire, to cook, bake.

cuisine, f., kitchen.

cuisinier, m., cook, scullion.

cuisse, f., thigh.

culotte, f., breeches, knickerbockers.

curieu-x, -se, inquisitive; as noun, idler, bystander.

curiosité, f., inquisitiveness.

D

dame, f., lady.

dangereu-x, -se, dangerous.

dans, into, in, through.

danser, to dance, flicker.

darder, to dart, thrust.

davantage, more, longer, further.

de, from, by, with, in, at, to, on, for; than.

débarrassé, -e (de), rid.

débarrasser (se), to rid oneself.

débattre (se), to struggle.

débloquer, to raise a siege, relieve.

déboucher, to emerge, pass out.

debout, standing.

débris, m., rubbish.

décembre, m., December.

décès, m., death; cause of death.

décharné, -e, fleshless, emaciated.

déchiqueter, to slash, mangle.

déchirement, m., tearing; anguish.

déchirer, to tear.

décidé, -e, determined.

décider, to induce, determine.

décisi-f, -ve, decisive, positive.

déclarer, to declare.

découpé, -e, cut out, cut.

découper, to cut to pieces, cut; se --, to be outlined, stand out.

découvert, -e, uncovered, exposed, bare.

découverte, f., discovery, invention.

découvrir, to uncover, expose; se --, to remove one's hat.

décrocher, to take down (from a hook).

dedans, within, in, inside; en --, on the inside.

déesse, f., goddess.

défaire, to undo, take off.

défaite, f., defeat.

défendre (de), to defend, forbid; se --, to defend oneself.

défenseur, m., defender, protector.

défiance, f., distrust.

défilé, m., long narrow pass.

défiler, to unstring; pass through (dans), march.

dégager, to free, disengage.

dehors, out, outside, out of doors; without; en -- (de), without, besides, in addition to; du --, outside.

déjà, already, yet.

déjeuner, to breakfast.

délibération, f., conference.

délire, m., frenzy, delirium.

délivrance, f., relief.

délivrer, to deliver, release.

demain, to-morrow.

demande, f., question, request.

demander (à), to ask, request.

démanger, to bite.

démarche, f., proceeding, measure; application.

démener (se), to move about.

demeure, f., home, dwelling.

demeurer, to dwell.

demi, -e, half; à --, half.

demi-cercle, m., semicircle.

demi-heure, f., half hour.

démonter, to unhorse.

dénoncer, to lodge information against, denounce.

dent, f., tooth; coup de --, bite.

départ, m., departure; sur son --, leaving.

dépasser, to go or extend beyond, extend, project.

dépêcher (se), to hurry, make haste.

dépeindre, to depict, describe.

dépendre, to depend.

déplier, to unfold.

déplorer, to lament, deplore.

déployer, to open, spread out.

déposer, to lay aside, put down.

depuis, since, ago; from, after, for.

dérangé, -e, out of order.

déranger, to put out of order, disturb.

derni-er, -ère, last.

dérouler, to unroll.

déroute, f., rout, defeat, overthrow.

dérouter, to disconcert, bewilder, confuse.

derrière, behind, from behind; de --, behind, hind; as noun, hinder part, rear.

dès, from, since; -- lors, from that time, thenceforth; -- que, when, as soon as.

désastre, m., disaster.

descendre, to descend, come or go down, alight.

désert, -e, deserted.

désespéré, -e, hopeless, in despair.

désintéressement, m., impartiality, indifference.

désir, m., desire, wish.

désirable, desirable.

désirer, to wish.

désolation, f., affliction.

désolé, -e, distressed, grieved.

désoler (se), to grieve.

désordre, m., confusion.

dessiner, to draw, outline.

dessous, under; m., the under part; avoir le --, to be defeated; en --, underhandedly.

dessus, on, over, upon; m., the upper hand.

destinée, f., fate.

détail, m., particular, detail.

détaler, to scamper away.

déteindre, to fade.

dételer, to unharness.

détour, m., turning, corner; circuit.

détourner, to turn aside.

détraquer, to put out of order.

détresse, f., sorrow, distress.

détruire, to destroy; refute.

deusse, for deux.

deux, two; tou(te)s (les) --, both.

deuxième, second.

devant, before, in front; de --, fore; as noun, m., front (part).

devenir, to become.

deviner, to guess, divine.

devoir, to owe; have to, be obliged to, be to; m., duty, obligation, task.

dévouer, to devote.

diable, m., devil; fellow.

dieu, m., God.

différence, f., difference.

difficile, difficult.

difficilement, with difficulty.

digne, worthy; dignified.

dignité, f., dignity.

dilater (se), to be distended, expand.

dimanche, m., Sunday; des --s, Sunday.

diminuer, to lessen.

dîner, to dine; m., dinner.

dire, to say, speak, tell; en --, see coeur; pour ainsi --, so to speak.

diriger, to take, direct, conduct; se --, to go.

discipline, f., education.

discuter, to argue.

disparaître, to disappear.

disperser, to scatter; se --, to be scattered.

dispute, f., quarrel, dispute.

dissiper, to scatter; se --, to scatter.

distance, f., distance; de -- en --, at various points.

distinguer (se), to be distinguished.

distraire, to divert.

dix, ten.

dizaine, f., ten or so.

docteur, m., doctor, physician.

doigt, m., finger.

domestique, m. or f., servant.

dommage, m., damage; quel -- or c'est --, it's too bad!

donc, therefore, well, then; won't you?

donner, to give; take part (in a battle); -- froid, to make shiver.

dont, whose, of whom.

dormir, to sleep.

dos, m., back; sur le --, in close pursuit.

doucement, gently, softly, slowly.

douceur, f., mildness, kindness.

douleur, f., pain, grief, sorrow.

doute, f., doubt; sans --, undoubtedly.

douter (se), to suspect.

dou-x, -ce, soft, smooth, easy.

douzaine, f., dozen; d'une -- d'années, about twelve years old.

douze, twelve.

dragon, m., dragoon.

drapeau, m., flag.

dresser, to erect, spread, lay; draw up; make out (report); -- la table, to set the table; se --, to get up, stand erect.

droit, m., right, law; fee.

droit, -e, straight, right, erect.

droite, f., right hand, right side; à --, to or on the right.

drôle, comical, odd; strange; m., comical person, rascal.

duc, m., duke.

dur, -e, hard.

durant, during, for.

durer, to last; be tedious.

duvet, m., feather coverlet, down.

E

eau, f., water.

eau-de-vie, f., brandy.

ébranler (s'), to shake, be shaken; get into motion.

écarquillé, -e, wide open.

écarté, -e, set off from, spread apart.

écarter, to turn aside, push aside, scatter; separate; s'--, to stand aside, step aside.

échapper, to escape; s'--, to escape, get away.

écharpe, f., scarf.

échelle, f., ladder; side (of a sleigh).

échine, f., spine, backbone.

éclair, m., flash.

éclaircir (s'), to become bright or cheerful.

éclairer, to light the way for; hold the light for; enlighten, give information.

éclat, m., burst, splinter; -- de voix, yelp; -- de rire, burst of laughter.

éclopé, -e, footsore; m., cripple, lame person.

école, f., school; faire l'-- de, to teach.

écouler (s'), to flow away, elapse.

écouter, to listen, listen to.

écrasé, -e, crushed.

écraser, to crush, overwhelm.

écrier (s'), to cry out.

écrire, to write.

écuelle, f., porringer.

écureuil, m., squirrel.

écurie, f., stable.

effacer (s'), to wear away, fade.

effaré, -e, wild, beside oneself.

effet, m., effect; pl., personal effects; produire l'-- de, to look like.

effrayé, -e, frightened.

effrayer, to frighten.

égal, -e, equal, like; as noun, equal; c'est --, that's all right, no matter.

également, equally, as well.

égalité, f., equality.

égard, m., regard, respect, consideration.

égarer (s'), to lose one's way.

église, f., church.

égoisme, m., selfishness.

egoiste, m., selfish person.

Egyptien, m., Egyptian.

élancé, -e, thin, slender.

élancer (s'), to bound, spring, rush.

élevage, m., raising, rearing.

élever, to rear, educate; s'--, to rise, be heard, arise.

éloge, m., praise, eulogy.

éloignement, m., distance.

éloigner and s'--, to go away.

embarrasser, to embarrass.

embrassade, f., embrace.

embrasser, to embrace, kiss.

émerveiller, to astonish.

emmener, to take away, carry away, lead.

émouvoir, to rouse, move, stir.

emparer (s'), to take possession.

empêchement, m., obstacle.

empêcher, to prevent.

empereur, m., emperor.

emplir, to fill up.

employer, to employ.

emporter, to carry away; l'--, to win, prevail, be stronger.

ému, -e, affected, moved.

en, in, into, within, on, to, at; like, as, in the form of; pron., of or about him, her, it, them.

enclume, f., anvil.

encombrer, to obstruct, fill.

encore, yet, still, besides, once more, again; more, after all; even; -- un, another, a second; mais --, but also.

encourager, to encourage, urge on.

encre, f., ink.

endormi, -e, asleep; m., person asleep.

endormir (s'), to fall asleep.

endroit, m., place.

endurer, to endure.

enfant, m., child.

enfin, finally.

enfoncé, -e, sunken, sunk, broken open.

enfoncer, to sink; s'--, to descend.

enfuir (s'), to take flight, run away.

enjamber, to put one's foot over.

enlever, to lift, carry away, dislodge, drive back.

ennemi, m., enemy.

ennuyer, to tire, annoy; s'--, to be wearied, have a tedious time of it.

énorme, huge.

enragé, m., madman.

enroué, -e, hoarse.

ensemble, together; m., concerted action.

ensuite, afterward, next.

entamer, to begin, enter upon.

entasser, to heap up.

entendre, to hear, understand; s'--, to be heard; be agreed; bien entendu, of course.

enterrer, to bury.

enthousiasme, m., enthusiasm.

enthousiaste, enthusiastic.

enti-er, -ère, entire, whole.

entourer, to surround.

entrailles, f. pl., intestines.

entraîner, to hurry along, carry away; extricate, rouse; mislead.

entre, between, among.

entre-bâillé, -e, ajar.

entrée, f., passageway, entry.

entreprendre, to undertake.

entreprise, f., undertaking.

entrer (dans or à), to enter, go in, come in.

entretenir, to hold, keep; feed; converse; keep up (a firing); s'--, to exist, be found; maintain oneself.

entr'ouvert, -e, ajar, partly open.

envahir, to overrun, invade.

envie, f., envy, wish, desire; avoir --, to wish, feel like.

environ, about.

environs, m. pl., vicinity; aux --, in the vicinity, near by.

envoler (s'), to fly away.

envoyer, to send.

épais, -se, thick.

épargner, to spare, relieve of.

épaule, f., shoulder; coup d'--, hitch.

épi, m., head of wheat or other grain.

épier, to watch.

époque, f., epoch, era.

épouvantable, frightful.

épouvante, f., fright.

épouvanter, to frighten.

épreuve, f., trial, test.

éprouver, to test, try; suffer; feel.

escalier, m., stairway.

esclandre, m., disorder, noise.

escorte, f., escort.

espèce, f., sort.

espérance, f., hope.

espérer, to hope, hope for, expect.

espoir, m., hope.

esprit, m., spirit, intelligence, mind; genius; soul.

essayer, to try.

essoufflé, -e, out of breath, breathless.

essuyer, to dry, wipe.

estime, f., esteem, respect.

estimer, to esteem.

estropier, to cripple.

établir, to establish; s'--, to settle down, begin.

étage, f., floor, story.

étamer, to tin.

étape, f., halting place.

état, m., state; calling, trade; condition.

etc., for et cetera, and so forth.

éteindre, to put out, extinguish.

étendre, to extend; hold out; spread; s'--, to reach, extend.

étendu, -e, lying at full length, lying.

étincelant, -e, sparkling.

étinceler, to sparkle.

étincelle, f., spark.

étonnant, -e, amazing.

étonné, -e, astonished.

étonnement, m., astonishment; dans l'-- de, amazed at.

étonner, to astonish; s'-- (de), to be amazed (at).

étourdi, -e, stunned.

étrange, strange, old.

étrang-er, -ère, strange, foreign; as noun, foreigner.

étrangler, to throttle.

être, m., being, creature.

étrier, m., stirrup.

étroit, -e, narrow.

étudier, to study.

éveiller, to wake, awake; s'--, to wake up.

événement, m., event, occurrence.

exactement, exactly.

exagérer, to exaggerate.

exaltation, f., exaltation, excitement.

Excellence, f., Excellency.

excellent, -e, very good.

exception, f., exception; à l'-- de, with the exception of.

exciter, to provoke, urge on.

exemple, m., example; par --, for example; d'--, as an example.

exercer (s'), to practice.

exercice, m., drill; faire --, to drill.

exister, to exist, be.

expérience, f., experience.

expliquer, to explain.

exposer, to expose, endanger, explain.

expression, f., expression; avec --, significantly.

extérieur, -e, outside, external.

exterminer, to destroy.

extraordinaire, unusual.

extrêmement, very.

extrémité, f., extreme.

F

face, f., front, face; en -- de, in the face of, face to face with, into, opposite, directly into, in the eyes of, in the presence of; en --, in the face, opposite, squarely.

fâcher (se), to get or be angry.

facile, easy.

facilement, easily.

façon, f., manner; de cette --, in this manner, so (that); d'une --, in a way.

fagot, m., faggot.

faible, feeble.

faïence, f., porcelain. faim, f., hunger; avoir --, to be hungry.

faire, make, do; say; pretend to be, play; let; have; se -- mal, to get hurt; -- mal à, to harm, hurt; -- l'école de, to teach; -- voir, to show; -- jour, nuit, tard, froid, vent, to be or get light, dark, late, cold, windy; -- grace à, to pardon; -- quelqu'un asseoir, to have someone sit; -- place, to make room; -- entendre, to utter; -- de la peine, to make (one) feel sorry; -- exercice, to drill; -- la conduite, to escort; -- de, to work at; -- plaisir à, to give the pleasure, please; se --, to arise, take place, be done, set in; se -- tard, to be getting late; fasse le ciel, heaven grant!

faisceau, m., stack.

fait, m., fact; tout à --, entirely.

falloir, must, ought, should, be to; il lui fallait, he needed; il faut que, it must be that.

fameu-x, -se, good, famous, famed; rascally.

familièrement, familiarly.

famille, f., family; en --, at home.

faucher, to reap, mow.

faute, f., wrong, error; blame.

fauteuil, m., armchair.

fauve, tawny.

faux, f., scythe.

fau-x, -sse, false.

favoris, m. pl., side whiskers.

feld-maréchal, m., field marshal, commander-in-chief.

fêlé, -e, cracked.

félicité, f., happiness.

femme, f., woman, wife.

fendre, to split; se --, to burst, lunge.

fenêtre, f., window.

fer, m., iron; fil de --, iron wire.

ferions, see faire.

ferme, firm.

fermer, to close; se --, to be shut, close, heal.

ferraille, f., iron.

ferrer, to shoe.

fête, f., holiday.

feu, m., fire, shooting; coup de --, shot; au --! fire! faire --, to fire.

fidèle, loyal, true.

fier, to entrust; se --, to trust to.

fi-er, -ère, proud, haughty.

fièvre, f., fever.

figure, f., face.

figurer (se), to imagine.

fil, m., thread; -- de fer, wire.

file, f., rank, row; à la --, in a row or line.

filer, to spin; slide, glide, go, pass.

fille, f., girl.

fils, m., son.

fin, f., end; à -- que, to the end that, to; à la --, finally.

fin, -e, shrewd, cunning, fine, delicate.

finalement, lastly.

finesse, f., slyness, shrewdness, trick.

finir, to finish; en --, to get done.

flamme, f., flame.

flanc, m., side.

flandrin, m., spindleshanks.

flatter (se), to flatter oneself.

fléchir, to bend, bow.

flocon, m., flake.

florin, m., florin, a silver coin worth forty-one cents.

flot, m., wave.

flotter, to wave.

flute, f., flute, reed.

foi, f., faith; de bonne --, sincere.

foin, m., hay.

foire, f., fair.

fois, f., time; à la --, at the same time, together; pour cette --, this time; que de --, combien de --, how often.

folle, see fou.

foncer, to sink; start, rush.

fond, m., bottom, depth, background, further end, main point; fund; au -- de, behind, at the foot of, at the end of or to; du -- de, out of.

fondre, to melt; -- en larmes, to burst into tears.

fontaine, f., spring, drinking-fountain.

force, f., strength, power, violence; pl., strength; de toutes ses --s, with all his might.

forcé, -e (de), compelled.

forcer, to compel.

foresti-er, -ère, pertaining to forests, forest.

forge, f., blacksmith shop.

forme, f., form, shape; en -- de, in the style of, like, worn like.

former, to frame, shape, fashion.

fort, -e, strong; loud; noun, m., le plus --, the height, climax.

fort, very.

forvertz (German vorwärts), forward.

fosse, f., pit, trench.

fossé, f., ditch, drain.

fossoyeur, m., gravedigger.

fou, fol, folle, mad, without sense; m., madman.

foudre, f., thunderbolt.

fouet, m., whip.

foule, f., crowd, multitude, great number.

four, m., oven.

fourche, f., fork, pitchfork.

fourmilière, f., swarm.

fourneau, m., stove.

fourrer, to stuff, fill.

fourreau, m., sheath.

fracas, m., noise.

frais, fraîche, cool, fresh, bright-colored.

frais, m. pl., expense.

franc, m., franc, coin worth nineteen and one half cents.

français, -e, French; en --, in French, French.

français, m., Frenchman; les Français, the French.

française (Française), f., Frenchwoman.

France, f., France; de --, French.

Francfort, Frankfort (a German city).

franchir, to leap, clear.

frapper, to strike, tap.

fraterniser, to live as brothers.

fraternité, f., brotherhood.

frayeur, f., fright.

frelon, m., drone.

frémir, to shudder, shake, shudder at.

frémissant, -e, trembling.

frère, m., brother.

frisé, -e, curled, curly.

friser, to curl.

frissoner, to shudder, tremble (with rage).

Fritzel, Freddy.

froid, m., cold; donner --, to make shiver; faire --, to be cold.

froid, -e, cold; avoir --, to be cold; donner --, to make shudder.

froidement, coldly.

froncer, to contract; -- les sourcils or le sourcil, to frown.

front, m., forehead, head, face; boldness, impudence.

frontière, f., frontier.

fuir, to flee.

fuite, f., flight; prendre la --, to take flight.

fumant, -e, smoking, steaming.

fumée, f., smoke.

fumer, to smoke.

furieu-x, -se, raging, furious, mad; delirious, crazy.

fusil, m., gun; coup de --, shot.

fusilier, m., fusileer, soldier armed with a flintlock.

fusiller, to shoot.

futur, -e, future; m., futurity, future.

G

gagner, to gain, seize, come over, reach; -- sa vie, to earn one's living.

gai, -e, gay, lighthearted.

gaieté, f., gaiety.

gaillard, m., fellow.

galop, m., gallop.

galoper, to gallop.

gamelle, f., mess pan.

garçon, m., boy.

garde, f., guard, hilt; care; prendre --, to pay attention, be careful not to; monter --, to mount guard.

garde, m., keeper, warden; -- champêtre, constable, officer.

garde-manger, m., pantry.

garder, to keep, tend; -- bien de, to take pains not to.

gare, look out!

garni, -e, trimmed, filled.

gauche, f., left hand, left side; à --, on or to the left.

gazette, f., paper, journal.

gelé, -e, frozen.

gémir, to groan.

gémissement, m., groan.

gêne, f., constraint, embarrassment; sans --, without ceremony, freely, easily.

gêner, to annoy, incommode.

général, m., general.

généreu-x, -se, generous.

génie, f., genius.

genou, m., knee.

gens, m. pl., people.

gesticuler, to gesticulate.

giberne, f., cartridge box.

givre, m., frost.

glace, f., ice.

glapissant, -e, shrill.

glissade, f., slide, coasting; faire des --s, to slide (on the ice).

glisser, to slide, glance; se --, to run about; slip, steal.

gloire, f., glory.

glorieu-x, -se, glorious.

gonfler and (se), to swell.

gorge, f., throat; canyon.

goût, m., liking; prendre -- à, to get a liking (a taste) for.

goutte, f., drop.

gouvernement, m., government.

gouverner, to govern.

grâce, f., favor; faire -- à, to pardon; en --, as a favor; faire des --s, to do a favor.

grade, f., rank.

grand, -e, great, tall, high, lofty; -- air, open air, out of doors; -- route, highway, main road, main traveled road.

grand'chose, m., much.

grandeur, f., greatness.

grand'mère, f., grandmother.

grand-père, m., grandfather.

grand'rue, f., main street.

grange, f., barn.

gratter, to scratch.

grave, serious.

gravement, seriously, meditatively.

gravité, f., gravity.

Grec, m., Greek.

grêle, shrill.

grelot, m., sleighbell.

grelotter, to shiver.

grenier, m., loft.

grimper, to climb.

gris, -e, gray; tipsy; m., gray.

grisâtre, grayish; le jour --, early morning.

grisonner, to grow gray.

grondement, m., growling, roaring.

gronder, to growl.

gros, -se, large, great, bulky, fat, heavy.

guérir, to heal.

guérisseur, m., healer.

guerre, f., war; conseil de --, court martial, council of war.

guerri-er, -ère, warlike.

gueux, m., beggar, rascal.

guévoir, m., horsepond.

guider, to lead.

guirlande, f., garland.

guise, f., manner; en -- de, instead of.

H

The sign ['] before a word indicates that the initial h is aspirated.

'ha, ha!

habile, skilful, clever.

habiller, to clothe, dress; s'--, to dress.

habit, m., coat, garment, dress.

habitant, m., inhabitant.

habité, -e, occupied.

habitude, f., custom; d'--, usually; avoir l'--, to be in the habit.

habitué, -e, accustomed, used.

'hache, f., ax.

'haie, f., hedge.

haleine, f., breath.

'halte, f., stop, halt, stand, resting place; halt! faire --, to stop.

'hanche, f., hip, haunch; allonger les --s, to exert oneself.

'hangar, m., shed.

'harasser, to tire.

'hardiment, bravely.

'hasard, m., chance; par --, by chance.

'hâte, f., haste; à la --, hurriedly.

'hauptmann, [German] m., captain.

'hausser, to lift, shrug.

'haut, -e, loud, high; au --, at the top.

'hauteur m., height, elevation.

'hé, ah! ha!

'hennir, to neigh.

'hennissement, m., neighing.

'hérissé, -e, bristling, on end.

hériter, to inherit.

héroique, heroic.

héroisme, m., heroism.

hésiter, to hesitate.

heure, f., hour, time; o'clock; à cette --, now; tout à l'--, after while, not long ago, just now, immediately; de bonne --, early; à la bonne --, good! well done!

heureu-x, -se, happy, fortunate, successful.

hier, yesterday.

histoire, f., story, history.

historique, historical.

hiver, m., winter.

'hocher, to shake.

homme, m., man.

honnête, honest, upright, modest, respectable.

honneur, m., honor.

honoré, -e, honored.

'honte, f., shame; avoir --, to be ashamed.

'honteu-x, -se, ashamed; shameful.

hôpital, m., hospital.

horloge, f., clock.

horloger, m., watchmaker.

'hors (de), out (of).

'hotte, f., basket, cask.

'houlan, m., Uhlan, German lancer.

'houppelande, f., ulster, overcoat.

'hourra(h), hurrah!

'houx, m., holly.

'hue, get up!

huit, eight.

humanité, f., humanity; d'--, humane.

humer, to drain.

humeur, f., temper, humor; de or en bonne --, in a good humor.

'hurler, to yell, shout.

'hussard, m., hussar.

I

ici, here, hither; par --, this way; d'--, from now.

idée, f., idea, thought; sur une --, as a thought came to him.

ignorer, not to know.

imaginer (s'), to imagine.

imbécile, m., fool.

imiter, to imitate.

immense, immense, large.

immobile, motionless.

important, -e, important.

importer, to concern, be of importance; n'importe quoi, no matter what, anything, anything would do.

imposer (s'), to impose oneself on.

incendie, m., fire.

incliner, to bend; -- la tête, to nod assent.

incompl-et, -ète, incomplete.

inconcevable, strange, wonderful.

inconnu, -e, unknown; m., stranger.

incroyable, incredible.

indigné, -e, indignant, offended.

indigner, to make angry; s'--, to be angry.

inexprimable, inexpressible.

infanterie, f., infantry.

informer, to inform; s'--, to inquire.

infortune, f., adversity, misfortune.

innombrable, countless.

inonder, to overflow, deluge.

inqui-et, -ète, uneasy.

inquiéter, to disturb; s'--, to be uneasy, trouble oneself.

inquiétude, f., uneasiness.

inscrire, to record, write.

insolent, -e, impudent.

insouciance, f., thoughtlessness, flippancy.

insouciant, -e, heedless.

inspirer (à), to inspire (in).

installer, to install.

instant, m., moment; quelques --s, a little, shortly; à chaque --, every minute.

instruction, f., education.

instruire, to teach.

instruit, -e, learned, taught.

intéressant, -e, interesting.

intéresser, to interest; s'-- à, to take an interest in.

intérêt, m., interest; pl., interest on money.

intérieur, m., interior; à l'--, inside, on the inside; l'-- de la maison, the home.

intérieurement, inwardly.

interrompre, to interrupt.

intervalle, m., interval.

inutile, useless.

inviter, to invite.

invoquer, to call upon, invoke, call for.

irrité, -e, irritated.

J

jacobin, m., revolutionist.

jactance, f., boasting.

jaillir, to burst out.

jamais, ever, never; with ne or other negative.

jambe, f., leg.

jambon, m., ham.

jardin, m., garden.

jarret, m., haunch.

jaune, yellow.

jeter, to throw; se --, to plunge.

jeune, young.

joie, f., joy, glee.

joindre, to join; se --, to join, be joined.

joli, -e, pretty.

joue, f., cheek.

jouer, to play.

jouir, to enjoy.

jour, m., day, daylight; petit --, dawn; tous les --s, every day.

journée, f., day.

joyeu-x, -se, joyful, merry.

judicieu-x, -se, wise, discreet.

juge, m., judge.

juger, to judge.

jupe, f., petticoat.

jurisconsulte, m., lawyer.

jusqu'alors, up to that time.

jusque, jusqu'à, up to, as far as, till; even; jusqu'au moment où, till; jusqu'au dernier, to the very last one, to a man; -- passé, till after.

juste, right; exactly, precisely; au --, exactly.

justement, precisely.

justesse, f., precision.

K

Karolus, Charles.

L

là-bas, yonder, over there.

lâcher, to loose; fire.

là-dessus, on that.

laine, f., wool.

laisser, to leave; permit.

lait, m., milk.

lancer, to hurl, dart, direct, send forth, cast.

langage, m., tongue; language.

lanterne, f., lantern.

laquais, m., lackey, footman.

lard, m., bacon.

large, broad; m., breadth; de long en --, back and forth.

larme, f., tear.

las, -se, tired.

lasser, to weary; se --, to grow weary.

latte, f., spear; straight sword.

laver, to wash; se --, to wash.

lécher, to lick; se --, to lick.

leçon, f., lesson.

lecture, f., reading.

légèrement, lightly, slightly.

lendemain, m., next day; -- de, day after.

lent, -e, slow.

lentement, slowly.

lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles, who, which, that.

lessive, f., washing.

lettre, f., letter.

levé, -e, up.

lever, to lift, rise, cast; se --, to get up, stand up; -- la nappe, to remove the table cloth.

lèvre, f., lip.

liberté, f., liberty.

libre, free.

lien, m., band; pl., bonds, chains.

lieu, m., place; au -- de, instead of; au -- que, whereas, while.

lieue, f., league, 2-1/2 miles.

lièvre, m., hare, rabbit.

ligne, f., line.

linge, m., linen.

lire, to read.

Lisbeth, f., Lizzie.

lit, m., bed.

litière, f., stable bedding.

livre, m., book.

livrer, to deliver; -- bataille or combat, to fight a battle.

logique, f., logic.

loi, f., law.

loin, far; au --, in the distance, from a distance; de --, from afar.

lointain, -e, distant; m., distance.

long, -ue, long; le -- de, along, down; de -- en large, back and forth.

longtemps, (for) a long time; depuis --, long.

lors, then; dès --, from that time.

lorsque, when.

louche, suspicious.

lourd, -e, heavy, dull.

lucarne, f., dormer window, small window.

lueur, f., light.

lugubre, mournful.

luisant, -e, shining, bright.

lumière, f., light.

lundi, m., Monday.

lune, f., moon; clair de --, moonlight.

lunette, f., eyeglass, spectacle.

lutte, f., struggle.

M

M. for Monsieur, Mr.

madame, f., madam.

magnifique, grand.

maigre, thin, spare.

main, f., hand; en --, led.

maintenant, now.

mairie, f., town hall.

mais, but; -- encore, but also.

maison, f., house; à la --, at home, home, at (our) home.

maître, m., master; teacher; se rendre -- de, to get under control.

majesté, f., majesty.

mal, m., evil, bad, harm, injury; faire -- à, to injure, harm; badly.

malade, ill; m. or f., patient, invalid.

malgré, in spite of.

malheur, m., woe, misfortune; par --, unfortunately.

malheureu-x, -se, unfortunate, miserable; as noun, wretch, unfortunate.

malheureusement, unfortunately.

malice, f., maliciousness.

mali-n, -gne, shrewd, sly, mischievous.

manche, m., handle; f., sleeve.

manger, to eat; m., food.

manière, f., manner, way.

manquer, to fail, be wanting; -- de, to miss, fail in.

manteau, m., cloak.

marais, m., marsh.

marche, f., walk, march, travel; step, stair; se mettre en --, to start.

marcher, to go, travel, walk.

mare, f., pool.

marmite, f., kettle.

marque, f., mark.

marquer, to mark, score up, chalk up, note.

marseillaise, f., the Marseillaise.

marteau, m., hammer.

massacrer, to butcher.

masse, f.., heap, mass, body; en --, in great numbers.

matière, f., matter, subject, reason; de la --, material.

matin, m., morning; du --, A.M.; grand --, early morning.

maudit, -e, cursed.

mauser, m., molecatcher.

mauvais, -e, bad, vicious; m., evil, wrong.

Maximum, m., law fixing the maximum prices of necessities.

médecin, m., physician.

médecine, f., science of medecine.

meilleur, -e, better; le --, the best.

mélancholique, dismal, sad.

même, same, -self; very; tout de --, all the same; de --, likewise, the same; -- ... que, same ... as; even, likewise, also.

mémoire, f., memory.

menacer, to threaten.

ménage, m., household, housekeeping; du --, family.

ménagère, f., housekeeper.

mener, to lead.

menton, m., chin.

menuisier, m., carpenter.

mépriser, to despise.

merci, m., thanks; Dieu --, thank God.

mère, f., mother.

mérite, m., merit, worth.

mériter, to deserve.

merveilleu-x, -se, marvelous.

messager, m., postman, carrier, messenger.

messieurs, pl. of monsieur.

mesure, f., measure, bound, limit, extent; à -- que, as.

métier, m., trade, calling; faire un --, to follow an occupation.

mettre, to put, place, put on, set; hold; se --, to sit down; se -- à, to begin; se -- de, to be one of; se -- en route or en marche, to start; -- les pieds, to set foot, come, go; -- à la raison, to punish; se -- en retraite, to retreat; -- à la réserve, to hold in reserve.

meuble, m., furniture.

meurtri, -e, bruised.

mi, half.

mi-côte, half way; à --, half way up the hill.

midi, m., noon.

miel, m., honey.

mieux, more, better; aller --, to be better; tant --, so much the better.

milieu, m., middle; au -- (de), in the midst (of), among, in the middle of; le --, the best.

militaire, military.

mille, thousand; mile.

millier, m., thousand.

mine, f., look, aspect, appearance.

minuit, f., midnight.

miroiter, to be reflected, fall; reflect, light.

misérable, wretched; m., wretch.

misère, f., distress.

mode, f., fashion; passé de --, out of fashion.

modérer, to abate, restrain.

moine, m., monk.

moineau, m., sparrow.

moins, less; au --, at least, at the least.

mois, m., month; du --, in the month.

moitié, f., half.

moment, m., moment; du -- que, if, the minute that.

monde, m., world, people; tout le --, everybody, all; au --, in(to) the world; beaucoup de --, many people; tout notre --, our circle.

monsieur, m., Mr.

montagne, f., mountain.

montée, f., ascent.

monter, to go up, rise, mount, carry up, prepare.

montrer, to show, teach; point at; se --, to appear.

monture, f., saddle horse.

moquer (se), to ridicule (de).

moqueu-r, -se, jeering; m., jeering person.

morceau, m., bit.

mordre, to nibble, bite.

morne, dejected.

mort, f., death.

mort, -e, dead; le mort, m., la morte, f., dead person; les morts, the dead.

mortuaire, mortuary, of death; acte --, death certificate.

Moselle, f., a tributary of the Rhine rising in France.

mot, m., word.

moucher (se), to blow one's nose.

mouillé, -e, wet.

mourir, to die.

mouton, m., sheep.

mouvement, m., movement, motion.

moyen, m., means.

moyennant, by means of.

mur, m., wall.

murmurer, to mutter.

myriade, f., myriad.

N

naï-f, -ve, unaffected, candid, straightforward.

naître, to be born.

nappe, f., tablecloth; lever la --, to remove the tablecloth; mettre la --, to set the table.

naseau, m., nostril.

nationalité, f., nationality.

naturel, -le, natural.

naturellement, naturally.

ne, no, not; ne ... que, only; ne ... plus, never again, no longer; ne ... pas, not.

néanmoins, nevertheless.

neige, f., snow; de --, snowy.

nerveu-x, -se, wiry, muscular.

net, -te, clear, distinct; avoir le coeur --, to have correct information.

neuf, nine.

neu-f, -ve, new.

nez, m., nose.

ni, neither; ni ... ni, neither ... nor.

Nickel, Nick.

nier, to deny.

nivôse, fourth month in the Republican Calendar, 21 Dec.-19 Jan.

noble, m., nobleman.

noblesse, f., nobility.

noce, f., wedding, celebration.

noir, -e, black.

noircir, to blacken.

nom, m., name.

nombre, m., number; le plus grand --, most, the most.

nombreu-x, -se, numerous, well-attended.

nommer, to name, elect.

nouveau, nouvel, nouvelle, new; de --, anew, again; du --, something new; chose de --, new thing.

nouvelle, f., sing. or pl., news, tidings, piece of news, some news.

novembre, m., November.

nu, -e, bare, uncovered.

nuée, f., cloud.

nuire, to harm, injure.

nuit, f., night, darkness; faire --, to grow dark.

nuque, f., neck.

O

obéir, to obey.

objet, m., object, matter, subject.

obliger, to oblige, compel.

obscur, -e, dark.

obscurcir, to darken.

obscurité, f., darkness.

observer, to notice, observe.

obtempérer (à), to obey, comply with.

obtenir, to get, procure.

occuper, to seize, occupy; s'--, to busy oneself.

odeur, f., odor, smell.

oeil, pl., yeux, m., eye; coup d'--, glance; les yeux en l'air, looking upward.

officier, m., officer.

offrir, to offer.

oiseau, m., bird.

ombre, f., shadow.

on, one, they, you, we, people.

oncle, m., uncle.

opposer (s'), to be opposed, resist.

oppresseur, m., oppressor.

or, m., gold.

or, but, so, now, it came to pass that.

ordinaire, m., ordinary practice; adj., everyday, usual.

ordre, m., order, condition.

oreille, f., ear; sur les deux --, soundly; prêter l'--, to listen.

oreiller, m., pillow.

orgue, m., organ.

orgueil, m., pride.

orgueilleu-x, -se, proud.

ornement, m., ornament.

os, m., bone.

oser, to dare.

osseu-x, -se, bony.

ôter, to take away, remove; s'--, to depart, clear out, stand aside.

ou, or; ou ... ou, either ... or.

où, where, whither, at which, when.

oublier, to forget; s'--, to be forgotten, forget oneself.

outre and en --, besides, beyond, in addition to.

ouvert, -e, open

ouverture, f., aperture, crevice.

ouvrage, m., work.

ouvrier, m., workman.

ouvrir, to open; open the door to; s'--, to open, to be opened, to show one's position.

P

paille, f, straw.

pain, m., bread.

paisible, peaceful, composed.

paix, f., quiet, peace.

pâle, pale.

pâleur, f., paleness.

palissade, f., stake.

palme, f., palm branch.

pan, m., flap.

pan, interj., imitating the sound of a drum.

pantalon, m., pantaloons.

papier, m., paper.

paquet, m., bundle, package, pouch.

par, by, through, in, from, with; -- un temps, in weather.

parade, f., parrying.

paraître, to appear.

parce que, because.

parcourir, to look over, go over.

par-dessus, over, down.

pareil, -le, equal, such.

paresse, f., idleness.

parfois, sometimes.

parier, to bet.

parler, to speak, talk; se parlant à lui-même, talking to himself.

parmi, among.

parole, f., word, speech, conversation; prendre la --, to take up the argument.

part, f., part, share; faire --, impart, inform; quelque --, somewhere; de la -- de, from.

partager, to share, part; se --, to be divided.

parti, m., side, part, party.

particulièrement, especially, unusually.

partie, f., part, party, battle; quitter la --, to give up.

partir, to set out, go, go away, depart, go off, leave; to be discharged, be heard.

partout, everywhere.

parvenir, to attain, arrive, succeed, reach.

pas, m., step, pace; au --, in step; au -- de charge, at double quick; au -- de course, running; à petits --, slowly; marcher au --, to keep step.

pas, no, not, not any.

passage, m., passage, flight.

passant, m., passer-by.

passé, -e, past, pushed.

passer, to pass, come, be reputed; to go over, cross; se -- (de), to occur, happen, do without.

pâte, f., dough.

patrie, f., native land.

patriote, m., patriot.

patte, f., paw; --s de devant, de derrière, fore or hind paws.

pauvre, poor.

payement, m., payment.

payer, to pay, pay for.

pays, m., country.

paysan, f., peasant.

peau, f., hide, skin.

peindre, to describe.

peine, f., pains, labor; à --, scarcely; coûter la --, to cause inconvenience; faire de la --, to make feel sorry.

pêle-mêle, m., pell-mell, disorder.

pelisse, f., fur-lined cloak.

pelote, f., ball; -- de neige, snowball.

peloton, m., company.

penché, -e, leaning.

pencher, to hold, bend; se --, to stoop, incline, turn, hang, lean, bend forward.

pendant, during; -- que, while.

pendant, -e, hanging.

pendre, to hang.

pendule, f., clock.

pénible, painful.

péniblement, painfully.

pensée, f., thought.

penser (à), to think, think of, imagine.

pensi-f, -ve, thoughtful, serious.

perçant, -e, piercing.

percer, to bore, drill, pierce.

perdre, to lose; -- de vue, to lose sight of.

perdu, -e, lost.

père, m., father.

péril, m., danger.

périr, to die.

permettre, to allow; se --, to take the liberty.

perron, m., flight of steps, steps.

personnage, f., personage, person.

personne, f., (with neg.), nobody.

personnel, -le, personal, selfish.

perte, f., loss; à -- de vue, as far as one can see, out of sight.

pesant, m., weight.

pétillement, m., cracking, snapping.

pétiller, to crack, crackle.

petit, -e, little, small, short.

petit-fils, m., grandson.

pétrir, to knead.

peu, little, few; à -- près, almost; à -- de, a few; -- à --, little by little.

peuple, m., nation, people.

peur, f., fear; avoir --, to be afraid.

peut-être, perhaps.

pièce, f., piece, patch, room.

pied, m., foot; tenir sur --, to maintain; coup de --, kick; mettre pieds, to set foot, come to visit.

pierre, f., stone; -- de l'âtre, hearthstone.

piétiner, to trample upon, stamp.

pilier, m., column, post.

piller, to plunder.

pincer, to pinch.

pioche, f., pickax.

piquer, to prick, sting, stab.

pire, worse.

Pirmasens, a Bavarian city in the Rhenish Palatinate.

pis, worse; noun, m., worse.

pistolet, m., pistol.

pitié, f., compassion.

pitoyable, pitiful.

place, f., place, room, square, location, space; -- du village, village square, public square; à ta --, in your place; en --, stand, place; clear the track, make room.

placer, to place, put; -- les couverts, to set the table; se --, to place oneself.

plaindre (se), to complain of, regret.

plainti-f, -ve, plaintive.

plaire, to please; se -- à, to take pleasure in.

plaisanterie, f., pleasantry.

plaisir, m., pleasure, temptation.

plancher, m., floor.

plaquer, to color.

plateau, m., tray.

plein, -e, full, covered; en -- montagne, surrounded by mountains.

pleur, m., tear.

pleurer, to cry, weep, whine.

pli, m., fold.

plier, to fold; bend, yield, give way.

plissé, -e, squinted, half open.

plisser (se), to wrinkle.

plonger, to thrust, plunge.

pluie, f., rain.

plupart, f., a majority, the greater part.

plus, more, any more; ne ... plus, no ... more; le --, the most; de --, moreover.

plusieurs, several, many.

plutôt, rather, sooner.

poche, f., pocket.

poêle, m., stove.

poids, m., weight.

poignée, f., grasp.

poignet, m., wrist.

poil, m., hair.

poindre, to dawn.

poing, m., fist.

point, m., point, degree; adv., not at all.

pointe, f., tack; point; la pointe des pieds, tiptoe.

pointu, -e, pointed.

poitrine, f., breast.

poliment, politely.

politique, f., politics; adj., political.

Pologne, f., Poland.

polonaise, f., frogged frock coat.

poltron, m., coward; straggler.

Poméranie, f., Pomerania, a northern province of Germany, bordering on the Baltic.

pommette, f., cheek bone.

pont, m., bridge.

populaire, popular, by the people.

porcelaine, f., porcelain.

porte, f., gate, door, doorstep; de -- en --, from door to door.

portée, f., reach, range, (distance of a) shot.

porte-manteau, m., hand bag.

porter, to carry, raise, bear, give, bring, wear; se --, to be, move.

poser, to place, set; se --, to take a position.

positi-f, -ve, certain.

posséder, to possess; ne se -- point, to be beside oneself.

poste, m., post.

poste, f., mail, post, postoffice.

Postthâl, m., Postdale.

poudre, f., dust, powder, gunpowder.

poule, f., hen.

pouls, m., pulse.

pour, for, in order to, to, by reason of; -- eux, on their side.

pourpre, purple.

pourquoi, why.

pourrir, to rot.

poursuite, f., pursuit; à la -- de, in pursuit of.

poursuivre, to pursue; resume; se --, to continue.

pourtant, however, for all that; and yet, after all.

pourvu que, provided that, if only.

pousser, to push, impel, push open; make one's way, go; -- le verrou, to bolt the door.

poutre, f., beam, joist.

pouvoir, to be able, can, may.

prairie, f., field.

précédent, -e, preceding, last before.

prêcher, to preach.

précipiter, to throw; se --, to fall, rush.

prédiction, f., prediction.

prédire, to foretell.

préférer, to prefer.

préférence, f., preference.

premi-er, -ère, first; au --, on the second floor.

prendre, to take, catch, arrest, lay hold of; call for, get; se --, to freeze; se -- à, to begin; -- résolution, to determine.

préparatif, m., preparation.

préparer, to prepare.

près (de), near; à peu --, about, nearly; -- de, nearly, near.

présence, f., presence.

présent, m., the present time, gift.

présenter, to introduce; se --, to appear, be brought; occur.

présomption, f., presumption.

presque, almost.

pressé, -e, hurried, in a hurry.

presser, to press, squeeze; hurry; se --, to hurry.

prêt, -e, ready.

prêter, to lend; -- l'oreille, to listen.

preuve, f., proof, argument.

prévaloir (se), to avail oneself.

prévenir, to inform.

prévoir, to foresee.

prier, to pray, entreat, beg, ask.

prière, f., prayer.

principe, m., principle.

printemps, m., spring.

prisonni-er, m., -ère, f., prisoner.

privilège, m., privilege.

proclamer, to proclaim.

produire, to produce.

profiter, to profit, take advantage of.

profond, -e, deep

profondément, deeply.

progressivement, progressively.

prolonger, to prolong; se --, to extend, continue.

promener (se), to walk, stroll about.

promesse, f., promise.

promettre, to promise.

propos, m., sally, talk; à --, opportunely, by the way; à ce --, at these words.

proposer and se proposer, to propose.

propre, one's own; fit.

prospérité, f., prosperity.

protéger, to protect.

protester, to protest.

prouver, to prove, show.

prudent, -e, prudent, cautious.

Prusse, f., Prussia.

prussien, -ne, Prussian.

publi-c, -que, public; m., public; en --, publicly.

puce, f., flea.

puis, then.

puiser, to draw, dip.

puisque, since.

Q

quand, when, while; though.

quant à, as for, as to.

quarantaine, f., age of forty.

quart, m., a fourth, quarter.

quartier, m., fourth, quarter; --s d'hiver, winter quarters.

quatorze, fourteen.

quatre, four.

que, that, which, what, whom; that, how much; until, when, as; for fear that, whether; ne ... --, only, but; qu'est-ce -- c'est? what is it?

quel, -le, who, which, what; what sort of.

quelque, some, any; whatever.

quelquefois, sometimes.

quelqu'un, -e, someone.

queue, f., tail, end.

qui, who, which, what, that.

quiétude, f., quiet.

quinze, fifteen.

quitter, to leave; -- la partie, to give up the attempt.

quoi, which, what; sans --, otherwise; il y avait de --, that was enough.

quoique, although.

R

rabot, m., plane.

racaille, f., rabble.

raccommoder, to mend.

race, f., race, breed.

raconter, to tell.

raffermi, -e, again firm.

raffirmer, to confirm.

rafistoler, to mend.

rafraîchir, to refresh, invigorate; se --, to take refreshment.

raide, stiff, tough, harsh.

raison, f., argument, reason; avoir --, to be right; mettre à la --, to bring to his senses, punish.

raisonnable, sensible.

ralentir (se), to abate.

rallumer, to light again, light.

ramasser, to collect, pick up.

ramener, to bring back.

rampe, f., stair, banister, slope.

rang, f., row, rank; sur trois --s, three ranks deep.

rangée, f., row, file.

ranger, to arrange, put in ranks; se --, to draw up.

ranimer and se ranimer, to revive.

râpé, -e, threadbare; shabby.

rappel, m., drumbeat.

rappeler, to call back, recall; remind; se --, to remember.

rapport, m., report.

rapporter, to bring back; relate, tell, say; refer; bring in, be profitable; se -- à, to have reference to.

rapprocher (se), (de), to draw near (to).

rasseoir (se), to sit down again.

rassurer, to reassure.

râtelier, m., manger.

rattraper, to overtake.

ravin, m., ravine.

raviser (se), to think better of a thing, get a new idea.

ravissement, f., rapture, delight.

rayon, m., shelf.

rebondir, to rebound.

reboucler, to buckle up again.

recevoir, to receive.

recharger, to load again.

réchauffer, to warm; se --, to get warm.

récit, m., account.

réclamer, to implore, demand, reclaim.

récolte, f., crops, harvest.

recommandation, f., advice, caution.

recommander, to charge, enjoin; intercede for.

recommencer, to begin again.

récompenser, to reward.

reconduire, to show out.

reconnaissance, f., gratitude; reconnoitering; pousser une --, to reconnoiter.

reconnaître, to recognize, admit; discover; reward.

recoucher (se), to lie down, fall back.

recoudre, to sew up, mend.

recourir, to have recourse.

recouvrir, to cover.

recueillir, to gather; receive; shelter, give a home to.

reculer, to withdraw, fall back; shrink.

redescendre, to come or go down again.

redoubler, to redouble.

redoute, f., intrenchment.

redresser, to set, straighten, stretch out; be straightened out; se --, to sit upright, straighten up.

réduire, to reduce.

refermer, to shut up again; se --, to close, be closed again.

réfléchir, to reflect, think.

reflet, m., tint; reflection, flash.

réflexion, f., thought, expression of opinion, idea.

refouler, to drive back.

réfugier (se), to take refuge.

refuser, to refuse.

regard, m., look, glance.

regarder, to look, look at; look down upon.

régiment, m., regiment.

registre, m., register, records.

règne, f., reign.

regret, m., regret; reluctance; à --, reluctantly.

regretter, to regret, miss.

réguli-er, -ère, regular.

rein, m., kidney; pl., waist, middle, loins.

rejoindre, to join.

réjouir, to make happy; se --, to rejoice, celebrate.

réjouissance, f., rejoicing.

relever, to raise, heighten, relieve; se --, to get up.

relire, to read again.

reluire, to glitter, glisten.

remarquer, to notice.

remerciement, m., thanks; bien des --s, many thanks.

remercier, to thank.

remettre, to put, set down, put back, restore, give; se --, to set oneself again, start.

remonter, to come up, wind; en remontant, if it was wound.

remplacer, to replace.

rempli, --e, full.

remplir, to fill, fill again, fulfil; se --, to be filled, fill.

remporter, to carry away, get, gain.

remuer, to move, stir; se --, to move.

renaître, to revive.

renard, m., fox.

rencontre, f., encounter, meeting, skirmish; à la -- de, to meet.

rencontrer, to meet.

rendre, to render, perform, do, make, give back, repay; se -- à, to go, attend; se -- maître de, to get control of; -- ses devoirs, to pay one's respects.

renfermer, to contain.

renfort, m., reinforcement.

renifler, to sniff.

renommée, f., renown.

renseignement, m., piece of information.

rentrer, to return, come in, enter again, (dans), recover, get back, take in; be restored.

renverser, to turn, reverse, turn upside down; overwhelm.

répandre, to spill, shed, scatter, spread; se --, to be spread.

reparaître, to reappear, return.

réparer, to repair, mend.

répartir, to start off again.

repasser, to iron.

répéter, to repeat; utter.

repli, m., hollow.

replié, -e, doubled up.

replier, to fold again, double up; draw back; se --, to retreat, fall back.

répliquer, to reply.

répondre, to reply; en --, to be responsible for.

réponse, f., answer.

repos, m., rest.

reposer, to rest.

repousser, to drive back.

reprendre, to take again, take back, resume, continue, regain.

reproche, m., reproach; faire de(s) --s à, to scold.

républicain, -e, republican, revolutionary; les Républicains; the French.

république, f., republic.

réquisition, f., requisition, demand.

réserver, to reserve.

résignation, f., resignation, passivity.

résister (à), to oppose; forego, give up.

résonner, to sound.

respect, m., respect; sauf votre --, with all due respect to you.

respecter, to respect.

respirer, to breathe.

ressembler, to resemble.

ressortir, to go or come out again.

ressource, f., resource, expedient.

restant, m., relic, something left.

reste, m., rest, remainder.

rester, to remain, stay, stop.

résultat, m., result.

rétablir, to reëstablish, recover; se --, to recover, be restored.

retard, m., delay; en --, behind time, late.

retarder, to delay.

retenir, to hold, keep, detain, remember.

retentir, to resound, be heard.

retirer, to draw out, take, draw back, take away; se --, to withdraw, step back.

retomber, to fall back, recoil, drop.

retour, m., return; être de --, to be back; au --, on returning.

retourné, -e, turned inside out.

retourner, to return, turn over; se --, to turn, face about.

retraite, f., allowance, retreat.

retranchement, m., intrenchment.

retrancher, to intrench.

retroussé, -e, turned up.

retrousser, to turn up.

retrouver, to find again.

réunion, f., reunion, gathering.

réunir, to reunite, gather; se --, to join, meet.

rêve, m., dream, imagination.

réveiller, to awake; se --, to wake, awake.

revenir, to come back, happen, recur, return; -- (en), to recover.

rêver (à), to dream (of), think of.

revers, m., facing, back, lining.

revêtir, to clothe.

rêveu-r, -se, pensive, dreamy, absorbed in thought.

revivre, to come to life again, recover.

revoir, to see again; au --, good-by.

révolution, f., revolution.

rhumatisme, m., rheumatism.

Rhin, m., Rhine (river).

ricaner, to sneer.

riche, rich.

ride, f., wrinkle.

ridé, -e, wrinkled.

rideau, m., curtain, portiere.

rien, m.., nothing; pour --, without expense; -- que, nothing but, nothing more than, only.

rigole, f., spout, gutter.

rire, to laugh; noun, m., laughter; éclat de --, burst of laughter.

risquer, to risk.

rivalité, f., rivalry.

rivière, f., river.

roi, m., king.

rompre, to break.

rond, -e, round, humped.

rond, m., circle.

roquet, m., cur.

rose, rosy.

rosse, f., horse.

Rothalps, m. pl., the Rothalps (mountains).

rôti, m., roast.

rouet, m., spinning wheel.

rouge, red; m., red.

rougeâtre, reddish.

rougir, to blush, be ashamed.

roulement, m., rolling, rumbling, rumble.

rouler, to roll; upset; push.

route, f., road, way; en --, on the way; let us start!

rouvrir, to open again; se --, to open again.

rou-x, -sse, reddish.

roux, m., yellow dog; red.

ruade, f., kick.

ruche, f., hive.

rucher, m., bee house.

rude, harsh, rude, hard.

rue, f., street; grande --, main street.

ruelle, f., alley.

ruminer, to think over.

ruse, f., wile, trick.

S

sabot, m., wooden shoe.

sabre, m., sword, sabre.

sac, m., knapsack, bundle.

sage, wise.

saint, -e, holy.

saisir, to seize, catch, frighten.

saison, f., season, time of year.

salade, f., salad.

salle, f., room.

saluer, to greet, salute.

salut, m., hail! good morning.

sang, m., blood; se faire du mauvais --, to worry.

sangloter, to sob.

sans, without.

santé, f., health.

sapin, m., fir, branch of fir.

sauf, save, saving.

sauter, to leap, bound; break, be shattered.

sauvage, rude, uncivilized; as noun, barbarian.

sauver, to save; se --, to run away, flee.

savoir, to know, know how.

Saxe, f., Saxony.

scandale, m., scandal.

schlitte, f., sled (in German Schlitten).

scie, f., saw.

sec, sèche, lean, dry, sharp.

sec, m., dryness.

sécher, to dry up.

second, -e, second.

seconde, f., second.

secouer, to shake, shake off.

secourir, to help.

secours, m., help; au --! Help!

secrétaire, m., writing desk.

seigneur, m., lord; -- Dieu, gracious heavens!

sein, m., bosom.

seize, sixteen.

selle, f., saddle.

selon, according to.

semaine, f., week.

semblable, like, such; m., fellow creature.

semblant, m., semblance; faire --, to go through the form.

sembler, to seem.

sens, m., sense, meaning.

sentence, f., sentence; maxim.

sentier, m., footpath.

sentimental, -e, kindhearted.

sentinelle, f., sentinel.

sentir, to feel; se --, to be conscious of, feel.

separer (se), to separate.

sept, seven.

sergent, m., sergeant.

serré, -e, crowded, pressed; oppressed; walking close.

serrer, to press, tighten; close (ranks).

servante, f., maid, servant.

service, m., service, duty.

serviette, f., towel.

servir, to serve, set; se -- de, to use; -- de, to be, serve as; -- à, to amount to.

seuil, m., threshold, sill.

seul, -e, alone, only; tout --, all by itself.

seulement, only; not till; non -- ... mais, not only ... but.

si, if, whether; so, so much; after a negative, yes.

siècle, m., century.

sifflement, m., whistling.

siffler, to whistle, whistle to.

signe, m., sign; d'un -- de tête, with a nod.

silencieu-x, -se, silent.

Silésie, f., Silesia, a southeastern province of Germany bordering on Austria.

sillon, m., furrow.

silloner, to furrow.

simple, simple, modest.

simplement, simply.

singuli-er, -ère, peculiar.

sinon, otherwise, else.

six, six.

soeur, f., sister.

soigner, to take care of, attend.

soin, m., care; avoir --, to take care.

soir, m., evening; du --, P.M., evening, in the evening.

soirée, f., evening.

soit, either, whether, or.

soldat, m., soldier; de --, soldier's.

soleil, m., sun.

solennel, -le, solemn.

solide, strong, sturdy, firm.

sombre, dark.

sommeil, m., sleep; avoir --, to be sleepy.

sommet, m., top.

sonde, f., probe.

songer (à), to think, dream, meditate.

sonner, to sound, strike.

sorcier, m., wizard.

sort, m., lot, fate.

sorte, f., kind, sort; de la --, thus; de -- que, so that.

sortir, to go out; -- de, to leave.

soudain, suddenly.

souffler, to blow.

soufflet, m., bellows.

souffrance, f., suffering.

souffrir, to suffer, permit, admit of.

souhaiter, to wish.

soulager, to relieve.

soulever, to urge to revolt, be in revolt, rouse indignation of, rouse.

soupe, f., soup; meal; -- à la farine, porridge; faire la --, to prepare a meal.

souper, to sup; m., supper.

soupière, f., tureen.

sourcil, m., eyebrow; froncer le --, to frown.

sourd, -e, deaf, dull; faire le --, to pretend to be deaf.

sourdement, in a low tone, dully.

souriant, -e, smiling.

sourire, to smile.

sous, under.

soutenir, to stand, sustain, maintain, support.

souvenir, m., recollection.

souvenir (se), (de), to remember.

souvent, often.

spectacle, f., sight.

stationner, to stand, station.

stupéfait, -e, astonished.

su, see savoir.

subitement, suddenly.

succéder, to follow; prosper, succeed.

suffire, to suffice.

suffoquer, to stifle, choke.

suite, f., consequence; tout de --, at once; à la -- de, after, with behind; à sa --, after her; ainsi de --, and so on; de --, continuously.

suivre, to follow; se --, to be continuous.

sujet, m., subject.

supporter, to sustain, bear.

sur, on, in, with, after, to, along; -- trois rangs, three lines deep.

sûr, -e, sure, certain.

sûreté, f., security.

surlendemain, on the third day; m., the next day but one.

surmonter, to overcome.

surmonté, -e, crowned, surmounted.

surprendre, to surprise.

surpris, -e, surprised.

surtout, especially.

surveiller, to oversee, watch over.

survenir, to happen or come unexpectedly.

sus, sut, see savoir.

T

tabac, m. tobacco.

table, f., table; feasting; dresser or mettre la --, to set the table.

tâcher, to try.

taille, f., form; body; waist; height.

tailler, to shape.

taire, to be silent; se --, to hold one's peace, grow quiet.

talent, m., ability.

talon, m., heel.

tambour, m., drum; drummer.

tambour-maître, m., drum major.

tandis que, while.

tant, so much, so many; -- de, so much, so many; -- que, as long as.

tante, f., aunt.

tantôt, soon; -- ... --, now ... now.

tard, late; se faire --, to grow late; au plus --, at the very latest.

tarder, to delay; ne tarder point a s'endormir, to fall asleep immediately.

tarte, f., tart.

tas, m., lot, set, crowd; heap.

tasse, f., cup.

tâter, to feel.

taupe, f., mole.

taupier, m., molecatcher.

tel, -le, such, like.

tellement, so, so much.

tempe, f., temple.

temps, m., time, times; weather; de -- en --, from time to time; bon --, good times; en même --, at the same time; à --, on time; par un --, in weather; beau --, fine weather.

tendre, soft, tender.

tendre, to offer, stretch out.

tendresse, f., tenderness.

ténèbres, f. pl., darkness.

tenir, to hold; se --, to be, keep, remain, stand; -- sur pied, to maintain; -- à, to adhere to.

terrain, m., ground.

terre, f., earth, land; clay; ventre à --, at full speed; de --, clay; à --, on or to the ground.

terreur, m., fear.

territoire, f., territory.

tête, f., head; mind; en --, ahead.

thaler, m., dollar (German) silver coin worth about 71 cents.

théâtre, m., scene.

théorie, f., theory.

Thérèse, Theresa.

tiède, tepid.

tiens, tenez, look! hold!

tignasse, f., old wig, shock of hair; ruff on a dog's neck.

timide, timid.

tinter, to jingle.

tirer, to draw; fire, shoot; open, close; get; emit.

tiroir, m., drawer; -- à rabots, cabbagecutter.

toile, f., cloth.

toison, f., hair (of a dog.)

toit, m., roof, attic.

tôle, f., sheetiron.

tomber, to fall; -- mal, to turn out badly, get the wrong person.

tombereau, m., tipcart.

ton, m., tone.

tondeur, m., shearer, clipper.

tondre, to shear, clip.

tonne, f., cask, keg.

tonneau, m., cask, keg.

tonnerre, m., thunder.

torche, f., torch.

torsade, f., twisted fringe.

tort, m., wrong; avoir --, to be wrong.

tôt, soon; le plus --, the very soonest.

touchant, touching, concerning.

toucher, to touch, reach, move.

toujours, always; with imperf. was always -ing; faire --, to keep on doing.

tour, m., circuit, turn; faire un -- dans, make the round of; à son --, in his turn, also.

tourbilloner, to eddy, whirl.

tourmenter, to torment, grieve, worry.

tournant, m., turn, corner.

tournée, f., visit, round.

tourner, to move round, flank; se --, to turn.

tourneur, m., wood turner.

tousser, to cough.

tout, -e, all, every; adv., wholly, quite; -- à coup, all at once; du --, at all; -- de même, just the same; -- en, while; --e la, the only; --à fait, altogether.

train, m., course, way; en -- de, in the act of, engaged in; aller son --, to continue.

traînard, m., straggler.

traîneau, m., sled, sleigh; aller en --, to go sleighriding or coasting.

trait, m., draught, gulp, swallow; trait, action; anecdote; d'un --, at a swallow.

traiter, to treat.

tranchant, -e, sharp.

trancher, to cut.

tranquille, quiet.

tranquillement, quietly.

tranquilliser (se), to grow quiet.

tranquillité, f., quiet.

transporter, to carry.

travail, m., labor.

travailler, to work.

travers, m.., extent; à --, across; au --, through; de --, wrong; en --, crosswise, horizontally.

traverse, f., short cut; chemin de --, short cut.

traverser, to cross, traverse.

tremblant, -e, trembling.

trembler, to tremble.

tremblottant, -e, quivering.

trente, thirty.

très, very much, very.

tricolore, threecolored.

tricorne, m., three-cornered hat.

trimbaler (se), to jaunt about.

triomphe, m., triumph.

triompher, to triumph.

triste, sad.

tristement, sadly.

tristesse, f., sadness.

trois, three.

troisième, third.

tromper, to deceive; se -- (de), to be mistaken (about).

trompette, f., trumpet; en --, in the form of a trumpet.

trop, too, too much.

trou, m., hole.

trouble, m., disorder, uneasiness, commotion; annoyance; sans --, quietly.

troubler, to agitate; se --, to be confused.

troupe, f., troop, band, flock.

troupeau, m., flock, herd.

trousse, f., case of instruments; à leurs trousses, at their heels, in pursuit.

trouver, to find; se --, to be; s'y --, to be there.

tu, see taire.

tuer, to kill.

tut, see taire.

tumulte, m., uproar, riot, noise.

tyran, m., tyrant.

U

uhlan, m., German lancer.

un, m., one, unit; -- à --, singly, at random.

uniforme, uniform.

universel, -le, universal, of everybody.

université, f., university.

usurier, m., money lender, note-shaver, loan shark.

utile, useful; m., utility.

V

va, see aller.

vaincre, to conquer.

vainqueur, m., conqueror.

vaisselle, f., dishes.

valeur, f., value.

vallée, f., valley.

vallon, m., dale.

valoir, to be worth; -- mieux, to be worth more, be better; -- la peine, to be worth while.

vanterie, f., boasting, boast.

veillée, f., night attendance; à la -- chez, to sit up with.

veiller, to watch, sit up.

vendre, to sell.

vendredi, m., Friday.

venir, to come; -- de and inf., to have just; aller et --, to walk up and down.

vent, m., wind; faire du --, to be windy; coup de --, gust.

ventre, m., abdomen; -- à terre, at full speed.

venu, m., comer; le premier --, any one.

verger, m., orchard.

vérifier, to inspect; assert, certify.

véritable, true, regular.

vérité, f., truth.

verre, m., glass.

verrou, m., bolt.

vers, to, toward.

verser, to pour out, spill.

vert, -e, green.

vertu, f., virtue.

veste, f., short jacket.

vêtement, m., garment.

vêtir, to clothe.

viande, f., meat.

vice, f., vice, fault.

victime, f., victim.

victoire, f., victory; remporter la --, to be victorious, win.

vide, empty; m., void.

vider, to empty.

vie, f., life, livelihood; gagner sa --, to support oneself, make a living.

vieillard, m., old man.

vieille, f., old woman.

vierge, f., virgin.

vieux, vieil, vieille, old; m., old man.

vi-f, -ve, alive, living, lively.

vigoureu-x, -se, vigorous.

village, m., village; au --, in the village.

ville, f., city, town.

vin, m., wine.

vingt, twenty.

visite, f., visit, call.

visiter, to visit.

vite, quick, quickly.

vitre, f., window pane.

vivacité, f., liveliness; avec --, rapidly, excitedly.

vive, see vif and vivre.

vivre, to live; m. pl., food, provisions.

voeu, m., prayer, wish.

voici, here, see!

voilà, there, see! that's the way.

voir, to see; se --, to be visible, appear, be; on le voyait, he could be seen.

voisin, -e, neighboring; m. or f., neighbor.

voiture, f., carriage; chemin de --, carriage road.

voix, f., voice; -- de tonnerre, loud voice.

volet, m., window shutter, blind.

voleu-r, m., -se, f., thief.

volonté, f., will.

volontiers, willingly.

volte-face, f., about face; faire --, to face about.

voter, to vote, appropriate.

vouloir, to wish, want, like; try, make an effort; be glad; -- bien, to be willing, will.

voûte, f., dome, vault.

voûter, to arch; stoop.

voyage, m., trip.

vrai, -e, true.

vraiment, truly.

vue, f., sight, view; à perte de --, as far as one could see.

Y

y, there, to that; il -- a, there is, there are; ago; il -- a trois jours, three days ago.

yeux, pl. of oeil.

Yokel, Jake.

Z

zeitblatt, m., newspaper.