Antispasmodics.—Agents that prevent or allay cramps: alcohol, ethers, oil of turpentine, opium.
Medicines that Act upon Glands or Glandular Structures.
Stimulants.—Agents that act upon the glands generally: calomel, oxide of mercury, iodine and its compounds.
Diuretics.—Agents that increase the secretion of urine: copaiba, nitrate of potash, turpentine, resin.
Parturients.—Agents that cause contraction of the womb: ergot of rye.
Lithontriptics.—Agents that dissolve calculi: hydrochloric acid, the fixed alkalies.
Diaphoretics.—Agents that cause perspiration: colchicum, tartar emetic, acetate of ammonia, spirits of nitrous ether.
Medicines that Act upon the Muscular Fibre.
Tonics.—Agents that act gradually, and permanently improve digestion and nutrition: gentian, the sulphates of iron, copper, and zinc, cascarilla bark, camomile flowers.