Most young horses are afraid of the bit, and they must never be frightened by sudden jerks on the reins, lest they should afterwards refuse to stand the requisite pressure of the bit. A certain amount of bearing is necessary to induce the horse to work boldly and well, as well as to apprise the rider of what the horse is going to do.
In reining in, some horses rest the lower jaw against the breast; to counteract this, press both legs equally and force the horse forward to the bit.
Some horses will not work up to the hand; that is, will not bear the bit at all. Such horses are unfit for the service.
Whenever, without an apparent cause, a horse resists or is restive, the bit, saddle, and equipment should be carefully examined to see if any part hurts or irritates him.
REARING.
Should the horse rear, the rider must yield the hand when the horse is up, and urge him vigorously forward when he is coming down; if the horse is punished while up, he may spring and fall backward.
Use the running-rein with a rearing horse.
KICKING.
This can be prevented by holding the horse's head well up and closing the legs; if necessary, they are closed so much as to force the horse forward.