Make-shift Anchors.—Two or more pickaxes lashed together; heavy weights, such as large stones or railway irons; the latter are best when bent.

Nets filled with stones are particularly good on rocky bottoms.

Protection.—Arrangements must be made up-stream to protect a floating bridge from damage from floating substances, either by a boat patrol, or by stretching a net, or some intercepting obstacle, across stream.


CHAPTER XIII.

Hasty Demolition. Gunpowder. Dynamite. How Used in Blasting. Guncotton. Rack-a-rock. Handling, Transportation, and Storage of High Explosives. Charges for Hasty Demolition. Where and How to Place Charges.

GUNPOWDER.

Gunpowder is a very intimate mixture of potassium nitrate (nitre), charcoal, and sulphur, and generally consists of the following proportions:

Nitre, 75 parts; charcoal, 15 parts; sulphur, 10 parts.