T. Caroliniàna.
2. Tsùga Caroliniàna, Engelm. (Mountain-hemlock.) This is similar to the last; its leaves are larger, glossier, more crowded; its cones are larger, and have wider and more spreading scales; the tree is smaller, rarely growing 40 ft. high. Wild, but scarce, in the higher Alleghanies, south; beginning to be cultivated north, and probably hardy throughout.
T. Siebòldii.
3. Tsùga Siebòldii. (Japan Hemlock.) Leaves ½ to ¾ in. long, linear, obtuse to notched at the tip, smooth, thick, dark green above, with two white lines below. Cones scarcely 1 in. long, elliptical, solitary, terminal, obtuse, quite persistent; scales pale brown. A beautiful small tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, with an erect trunk, dark-brown bark, and numerous, pale, slender branchlets. Introduced from Japan, and probably hardy throughout.
Genus 96. ÀBIES. (The Firs.)
Leaves evergreen, flat, scattered, generally whitened beneath, appearing somewhat 2-ranked by the directions they take. Fertile catkins and cones erect on the upper side of the spreading branches. Cones ripening the first year; their scales thin and smooth, and the bracts generally exserted; scales and bracts breaking off at maturity and falling away, leaving the axis on the tree. A great number of species and varieties have been planted in this country, but few if any besides those here given do at all well in our dry and hot climate.
| * Cones 6 to 8 in. long; leaves blunt at tip. (A.) | ||||
| A. Leaves over an inch long | 10, 11. | |||
| A. Leaves an inch or less long | 12. | |||
| * Cones 3½ to 6 in. long. (B.) | ||||
| B. Leaves 2 in. or more long, 2-ranked | 9. | |||
| B. Leaves 1 in. or less long. (C.) | ||||
| C. Leaves acute at tip | 7, 8. | |||
| C. Leaves blunt or notched at tip. (D.) | ||||
| D. Two-ranked | 4. | |||
| D. Not 2-ranked | 3. | |||
| * Cones 1 to 3½ in. long. (E.) | ||||
| E. Leaves an inch or more long | 5, 6. | |||
| E. Leaves less than an inch long | 1, 2. | |||
A. balsàmea.