Fossil plants, Vol. 2: A text-book for students of botany and geology

by A. C. Seward

---

TABLE OF CONTENTS

———————
[CHAPTER XII]
SPHENOPHYLLALES (continued from Volume I.). Pp. 1–16.
		PAGE
[Sphenophyllum]		1–7
[Cheirostrobus]		7–12
[Sphenophyllales and Psilotaceae]		12–16
[CHAPTER XIII]
PSILOTALES. Pp. 17–29.
[Psilotum and Tmesipteris]		17–24
[Fossils described by authors as being closely allied to Psilotum]		24–26
[Psilophyton]		26–29
[CHAPTER XIV]
LYCOPODIALES. Pp. 30–91.
[Recent Lycopodiales (General)]		30–33
[Lycopodiaceae (Recent)]		33–49
[Selaginellaceae (Recent)]		49–58
[Isoetaceae (Recent)]		58–66
[Fossil Lycopodiales]		66–91
[Isoetaceae (Fossil)]		66–68
[Pleuromeia]		68–73
[Herbaceous fossil species of Lycopodiales]		73–91
[Lycopodites]		76–84
[Selaginellites]		85–88
[Lycostrobus]		88–91
[Poecilitostachys]		91
[CHAPTER XV]
ARBORESCENT LYCOPODIALES. Pp. 92–195.
[Lepidodendron]		93–181
i.	[General]	93–97
ii.	[Leaves and Leaf-cushions]	97–105
iii.	[Lepidophloios]	105–109
iv.	[The anatomy of Lepidodendron vasculare]	109–123
v.	[Lepidodendron stems as represented by casts and impressions of partially decorticated specimens]	123–128
	a. [Knorria] 124–126; b. [Bergeria] 126, 127; c. [Aspidiaria] 127, 128.
vi.	[Lepidodendroid axes known as Ulodendron and Halonia]	128–139
	a. [Ulodendron] 128–135; b. [Halonia] 135–139.
vii.	[Anatomical characters of vegetative Lepidodendron shoots]	139–181
	1. [Lepidodendron esnostense] 139, 140; 2. [L. rhodumnense] 140; 3. [L. saalfeldense] 141; 4. [L. fuliginosum] 141–160; 5. [L. Harcourtii] 160–163; 6. [L. Wünschianum] 163–171; 7. [L. macrophyllum] 171; 8. [L. Veltheimianum] 171–177; 9. [L. Pedroanum] 177, 178; 10. [L. australe] 178–181.
viii.	[Fertile shoots of Lepidodendreae]	181–195
	A. [Lepidostrobus] 181–191. i. [Lepidostrobus variabilis] 187, 188; ii. [L. oldhamius] 188–190; iii. [L. Brownii, etc.] 190, 191.
	B. [Spencerites] 192–195.
[CHAPTER XVI]
SIGILLARIA. Pp. 196–226.
i.	[General] 196–210; ii. [Leaves] 210–215; iii. [Fertile shoots] 215–218; iv. [The structure of Sigillarian stems] 218–224; v. [Sigillaria Brardi] 224–226.
[CHAPTER XVII]
STIGMARIA. Pp. 227–247.
[CHAPTER XVIII]
BOTHRODENDREAE. Pp. 248–270.
[Bothrodendron] 248–264. a. [B. minutifolium] 251–253; b.[B. punctatum] 254, 255; c. [B. kiltorkense] 255–259. [Anatomy of vegetative shoots of Bothrodendron] 260–262; [Cones of Bothrodendron] 262–264.
[Pinakodendron]		264
[Omphalophloios]		264–266
[General considerations]		266–270
[CHAPTER XIX]
SEED-BEARING PLANTS CLOSELY ALLIED TO MEMBERS OF THE LYCOPODIALES. Pp. 271–279.
	i. [Lepidocarpon] 271–275; ii. [Miadesmia] 275–279.
[CHAPTER XX]
FILICALES. Pp. 280–323.
I.	[Leptosporangiate Filicales]	283–316
	[Eufilicineae] 284–316. [Osmundaceae] 285, 286; [Schizaeaceae] 286–291; [Matonineae] 291–293; [Loxsomaceae] 293; [Hymenophyllaceae] 294; [Cyatheaceae] 294–296; [Dennstaedtiinae] 296; [Polypodiaceae] 296; [Parkeriaceae] 297; [a]Dipteridinae] 298. [The habit, leaf-form, and distribution of ferns] 300–309; [The anatomy of ferns] 309–316.
II.	[Marattiales]	316–321
III.	[Ophioglossales]	321–323
[CHAPTER XXI]
FOSSIL FERNS. Pp. 324–394.
[Osmundaceae] 324–346; [Schizaeaceae] 346–351; [Gleicheniaceae] 351–355; [Matonineae] 355–363; [Hymenophyllaceae] 363–365; [Cyatheaceae] 365–375; [Polypodiaceae] 375–380; [a]Dipteridinae] 380–394.
[CHAPTER XXII]
MARATTIALES (FOSSIL). Pp. 395–411.
[Ptychocarpus] 397; [Danaeites] 398; [Parapecopteris] 398; [Asterotheca] 398–400; [Hawlea] 400; [Scolecopteris] 401, 402; [Discopteris] 402–404; [Dactylotheca] 404–406; [Renaultia] 406; [Zeilleria] 407; [Urnatopteris] 407; [Marattiopsis] 407–409; [Danaeopsis] 409; [Nathorstia] 410, 411.
[CHAPTER XXIII]
PSARONIEAE. Pp. 412–426.
[CHAPTER XXIV]
OPHIOGLOSSALES (FOSSIL). Pp. 427–431.
[CHAPTER XXV]
COENOPTERIDEAE. Pp. 432–472.
I.	[Botryoptereae] 434–443
II.	[Zygoptereae] 443–470
[CHAPTER XXVI]
HYDROPTERIDEAE AND SAGENOPTERIS. Pp. 473–483.
[Marsiliaceae] 473–475; [Salviniaceae] 475–477; [Sagenopteris] 477–483.
[CHAPTER XXVII]
GENERA OF PTERIDOSPERMS, FERNS, AND PLANTAE INCERTAE SEDIS. Pp. 484–580.
[Taeniopteris] 485–494; [Weichselia] 494–496; [Glossopteris] 496–512; [Gangamopteris] 512–517; [Lesleya] 517–519; [Neuropteridium] 519–523; [Cardiopteris] 523–525; [Aphlebia] 525–529; [Sphenopteris] 529–532; [Mariopteris, Diplotmema, Palmatopteris] 532–537; [Cephalotheca] 537; [Thinnfeldia] 537–544; [Lomatopteris] 544–546; [Cycadopteris] 546; [Ptilozamites] 546–548; [Ctenopteris] 548–550; [Dichopteris] 550–552; [Odontopteris] 552–556; [Callipteris] 557–559; [Callipteridium] 560; [Archaeopteris] 552–565; [Neuropteris] 565–571; [Cyclopteris] 571, 572; [Linopteris] 572, 573; [Alethopteris] 573–576; [Lonchopteris] 576; [Pecopteris] 576–580.
[INDEX]		Pp. 609–624

---

Fig.		Page
[112.]	Sphenophyllostachys	2
[113.]	Sphenophyllostachys Römeri Sphenophyllum trichomatosum S. majus	3
[114, 115.]	Sphenophyllostachys fertilis [Council of the Royal Society of London.]	4, 5
[116.]	Sphenophyllostachys Dawsoni [Mr A. G. Tansley, Editor of the New Phytologist.]	6
[117.]	Cheirostrobus pettycurensis Pseudobornia ursina	8
[118.]	Psilotum triquetrum	18
[119.]	Psilotum triquetrum (anatomy)	20
[120.]	Tmesipteris tannensis	22
[121.]	Lycopodium (seven species)	35
[122.]	Lycopodium squarrosum	36
[123.]	Lycopodium cernuum	37
[124.]	Lycopodium obscurum	38
[125.]	Lycopodium (anatomy of stem)	41
[126.]	Lycopodium (anatomy of cones)	45
[127–129.]	Lycopodium cernuum (cone) [Council of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.]	47–49
[130.]	Selaginella grandis	50
[131.]	Selaginella (anatomy)	52
[132.]	Isoetes echinospora I. lacustris	59
[133.]	Isoetes lacustris (anatomy)	62
[134.]	Pleuromeia Sternbergi	70
[135.]	Selaginellites and Lycopodites	80
[136.]	Lycopodites lanceolatus [Council of the Geological Society of London.]	81
[137.]	Lycopodites falcatus	83
[138.]	Selaginellites primaevus	86
[139.]	Lycostrobus Scotti	89
[140.]	Picea excelsa	94
[141.]	Lepidodendron Sternbergii	97
[142.]	Sigillaria (leaves)	98
[143.]	Lepidodendron (leaves)	99
[144.]	Lepidodendron Veltheimianum	101
[145.]	Lepidodendron leaf-cushion	102
[146.]	Lepidodendron and Lepidophloios leaf-cushions	104
[147.]	Lepidophloios leaf-cushion	108
[148–155.]	Lepidodendron vasculare	112–122
[156.]	Knorria mirabilis	125
[157.]	Lepidodendron Veltheimianum (Ulodendron)	129
[158.]	Diagrammatic section illustrating the branch-theory of the Ulodendroid scar [Council of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.]	132
[159.]	Pinus clausa	134
[160.]	Lepidophloios scoticus	135
[161.]	Halonia tortuosa	136
[162–167.]	Lepidodendron fuliginosum [Council of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.]	143–147
[168.]	Lepidodendron vasculare and L. fuliginosum	148
[169.]	Lepidodendron fuliginosum	149
[170–172.]	L. fuliginosum	150–152
[173.]	Lepidodendron obovatum	154
[174–176.]	Lepidodendron aculeatum [Oxford University Press: Annals of Botany.]	155, 156
[177.]	Stigmaria radiculosa	157
[178.]	Stigmarian rootlet	158
[179.]	Lepidodendron Harcourtii and L. fuliginosum	162
[180.]	Lepidodendron Wünschianum	163
[181, 182.]	L. Wünschianum	165, 166
[183, 184.]	L. Wünschianum [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	168, 169
[185.]	Lepidodendron Veltheimianum	173
[186.]	L. Veltheimianum and L. macrophyllum	176
[187.]	Lepidodendron australe [Dr H. Woodward, Editor of the Geological Magazine.]	179
[188, 189.]	Lepidostrobus	183, 184
[190.]	Lepidodendron and Lepidostrobi	186
[191.]	Lepidostrobus	188
[192.]	Spencerites insignis [Oxford University Press: Annals of Botany.]	193
[193.]	Sigillaria elegans, S. rugosa, S. tessellata, Omphalophloios anglicus	197
[194.]	Sigillaria McMurtriei	199
[195.]	Sigillaria mammillaris	199
[196.]	Sigillaria Brardi, S. laevigata, and Lepidodendron Wortheni	200
[197.]	Carica sp.	202
[198, 199.]	Sigillaria	205, 206
[200.]	Sigillaria Brardi	212
[201.]	Sigillariostrobus	216
[202.]	Sigillaria elegans and S. elongata	220
[203.]	Sigillaria Brardi	225
[204, 205.]	Stigmaria ficoides	227, 228
[206.]	Cyperus papyrus	230
[207, 208.]	Stages in the development of Sigillaria	236
[209.]	Stigmariopsis	237
[210.]	Stigmaria	241
[211.]	Bothrodendron punctatum	250
[212.]	Bothrodendron minutifolium, B. punctatum, B. kiltorkense and Lepidostrobus Olryi	252
[213.]	Bothrodendron minutifolium	254
[214.]	Bothrodendron Leslei [Trustees of the British Museum.]	258
[215.]	Bothrodendron mundum	259
[216.]	Bothrostrobus [Council of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.]	263
[217.]	Omphalophloios	265
[218.]	Lepidocarpon Lomaxi	273
[219.]	Miadesmia and Bothrodendron	276
[220.]	Angiopteris evecta and Cycas revoluta	283
[221.]	Osmunda cinnamomea, O. regalis, and Todea barbara	286
[222.]	Schizaea elegans	287
[223.]	Aneimia rotundifolia	288
[224.]	Aneimia flexuosa, A. phyllitidis, Hymenophyllum, Matonia pectinata, Thyrsopteris elegans, Gleichenia	289
[225.]	Gleichenia dicarpa	290
[226.]	Gleichenites Rostafinskii, Gleichenia dicarpa, G. dichotoma	290
[227.]	Matonia pectinata [Council of the Royal Society.]	292
[228.]	Matonia pectinata	293
[229.]	Thyrsopteris elegans, Cyathea spinulosa, Dicksonia coniifolia, D. culcita, Davallia concinna, Alsophila excelsa	294
[230.]	Dicksonia Bertervana [Trustees of the British Museum.]	295
[231.]	Dipteris quinquefurcata, D. conjugata, D. Wallichii, and Polypodium quercifolium	297
[232.]	Davallia aculeata	299
[233.]	Polypodium Billardieri	302
[234.]	Polypodium quercifolium	303
[235.]	Hemitelia capensis	304
[236 a, 236 b.]	Pteris aquilina [Council of the Linnean Society of London.]	305, 306
[237.]	Matonia pectinata, Matonidium, Gleichenia dicarpa, and Trichomanes reniforme (anatomy)	310
[238.]	Trichomanes scandens [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	311
[239.]	Platyzoma microphylla [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	312
[240.]	Cyathea Imrayana [Editor of the New Phytologist.].	313
[241.]	Angiopteris evecta and Marattia fraxinea	317
[242.]	Angiopteris evecta and Danaea	318
[243, 244.]	Angiopteris evecta	319
[245.]	Marattia fraxinea, M. Kaulfussii, Kaulfussia, and Marattiopsis Münsteri	320
[246.]	Ophioglossum vulgatum	322
[247.]	Botrychium virginianum	322
[248.]	Zalesskya gracilis	327
[249.]	Zalesskya diploxylon	328
[250.]	Thamnopteris Schlechtendalii	330
[251.]	Lonchopteris virginiensis	331
[252.]	Osmundites Dunlopi	333
[253, 254.]	Osmundites Kolbei [Editor of the Geological Magazine.]	334, 335
[255.]	O. Kolbei	336
[256.]	Cladophlebis denticulata, Todites Williamsoni, Discopteris Rallii, Kidstonia heracleensis, and Todeopsis primaeva	340
[257, 258.]	Cladophlebis denticulata	342, 345
[259.]	Klukia exilis [Council of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.]	348
[260.]	Ruffordia Goepperti	349
[261.]	Chrysodium lanzaeanum, Lygodium Kaulfussi, Marattia Hookeri	350
[262.]	Gleichenites longipennis, G. delicatula, G. Nordenskioldi and G. Zippei	354
[263.]	Gleichenites hantonensis [Council of the Palaeontographical Society.]	356
[264.]	Laccopteris elegans [Council of the Royal Society.]	357
[265.]	Matonidium Wiesneri, Marattiopsis marantacea, Gleichenites gracilis, Laccopteris Goepperti, and L. Muensteri	358
[266.]	Laccopteris polypodioides [Trustees of the British Museum.]	359
[267.]	Laccopteris [Trustees of the British Museum.]	359
[268.]	? Laccopteris polypodioides [Trustees of the British Museum.]	360
[269.]	Matonidium Goepperti [Editor of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.]	362
[270.]	Senftenbergia elegans, Oligocarpia Brongniartii, Trichomanes sp., Hymenophyllum tunbridgense, Sphenopteris (Hymenophyllites) quadridactylites	364
[271.]	Coniopteris hymenophylloides [Council of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.]	368
[272.]	C. hymenophylloides	369
[273.]	Coniopteris quinqueloba	370
[274.]	Coniopteris arguta	371
[275.]	Coniopteris arguta and C. hymenophylloides	372
[276.]	Oncopteris Nettvalli	373
[277.]	Protopteris punctata	373
[278.]	Laccopteris polypodioides, L. Muensteri, Dicksonia, Onychiopsis Mantelli, Hausmannia Sewardi, H. Kohlmanni, and Protopteris Witteana	374
[279.]	Adiantides antiquus and A. lindsayoides	376
[280.]	Onychiopsis Mantelli	379
[281.]	Dictyophyllum exile	381
[282.]	Dictyophyllum Nilssoni, Rhizomopteris Schenki, Camptopteris spiralis, and D. exile	382
[283.]	Dictyophyllum rugosum [Trustees of the British Museum.]	384
[284.]	Thaumatopteris Münsteri	386
[285.]	Clathropteris meniscoides	387
[286.]	Clathropteris egyptiaca [Editor of the Geological Magazine.]	388
[287.]	Camptopteris spiralis	389
[288.]	Hausmannia dichotoma	391
[289.]	Hausmannia sp.	393
[290.]	Alethopteris lonchitica, Lonchopteris rugosa, Sphenopteris Hoeninghausi, Parapecopteris neuropteroides,and Pecopteris (Dactylotheca) plumosa	399
[291.]	Ptychocarpus unita, Asterotheca Sternbergii, Danaeites sarepontanus, Hawlea Miltoni, H. pulcherrima, Scolecopteris elegans	400
[292.]	Dactylotheca plumosa	405
[293.]	D. plumosa	406
[294.]	Nathorstia angustifolia and N. latifolia	410
[295.]	Psaronius	414
[296.]	Psaronius infarctus, P. coalescens, P. musaeformis, and P. asterolithus	416
[297.]	Pecopteris Sterzeli	419
[298.]	Caulopteris peltigera and Megaphyton insigne	421
[299.]	Ptychopteris	423
[300.]	Dicksonia antarctica	424
[301.]	Rhacopteris sp.	427
[302.]	Noeggerathia foliosa	429
[303.]	Chiropteris Zeilleri [Annals of the South African Museum.]	430
[304.]	Tubicaulis solenites [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	435
[305.]	Botryopteris cylindrica	439
[306.]	Botryopteris ramosa	441
[307.]	Botryopteris antiqua	442
[308.]	Clepsydropsis antiqua, Etapteris Scotti, Diplolabis forensis, Zygopteris primaria, Stauropteris oldhamia	444
[309.]	Diplolabis forensis, Botryopteris forensis, Corynepteris coralloides, Schizopteris pinnata	445
[310.]	Metaclepsydropsis duplex, Stauropteris oldhamia, Ankyropteris scandens	450
[311.]	Ankyropteris Grayi	451
[312.]	Thamnopteris Schlechtendalii, Ankyropteris corrugata, A. bibractensis	453
[313.]	Ankyropteris bibractensis	454
[314.]	Ankyropteris corrugata	457
[315.]	Ankyropteris corrugata [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	458
[316, 317.]	Ankyropteris corrugata	459, 460
[318.]	Etapteris Scotti [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	462
[319.]	Etapteris, Botryopteris forensis	463
[320.]	Stauropteris oldhamia [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	464
[321.]	Stauropteris oldhamia	467
[322.]	Stauropteris oldhamia [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	468
[323.]	Stauropteris [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	469
[324.]	Asterochlaena laxa [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	472
[325.]	Sporocarp-like bodies (? Sagenopteris)	478
[326.]	Regnellidium diphyllum, Sagenopteris rhoifolia	479
[327.]	Sagenopteris Phillipsi [Trustees of the British Museum.]	480
[328.]	Sagenopteris Phillipsi [Council of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.]	481
[329.]	Taeniopteris multinervis, Lesleya Delafondi	487
[330.]	Taeniopteris Carnoti, T. spatulata, T. coriacea	490
[331.]	Taeniopteris Carruthersi [Annals of the South African Museum.]	491
[332.]	Taeniopteris vittata	493
[333.]	Weichselia Mantelli, W. erratica	495
[334.]	Glossopteris Browniana [Council of the Geological Society of London.]	499
[335, 336.]	Glossopteris Browniana [Trustees of the British Museum.]	500, 501
[337.]	Vertebraria indica	502
[338.]	Vertebraria indica, Onoclea struthiopteris	503
[339.]	Glossopteris fronds attached to rhizome	504
[340, 341.]	Glossopteris indica, G. angustifolia [Trustees of the British Museum.]	506, 507
[342.]	Glossopteris angustifolia var. taeniopteroides [Council of the Geological Society.]	508
[343.]	Blechnoxylon talbragarense	509
[344.]	Glossopteris retifera [Trustees of the British Museum.]	511
[345.]	Gangamopteris cyclopteroides [Trustees of the British Museum.]	515
[346.]	Arberia sp.	517
[347.]	Lesleya simplicinervis	518
[348.]	Neuropteridium validum [Trustees of the British Museum.]	520
[349.]	Neuropteridium intermedium	522
[350.]	Cardiopteris frondosa	524
[351.]	Gunnera manicata	527
[352.]	Sphenopteris obtusiloba, Pecopteris arborescens, Sphenopteris furcata	529
[353.]	Sphenopteris affinis	531
[354.]	Palmatopteris, Mariopteris, Diplotmema Zeilleri, Neuropteris macrophylla, N. heterophylla, N. Scheuchzeri, Alloiopteris Essinghii	535
[355.]	Cephalotheca mirabilis	536
[356.]	Thinnfeldia odontopteroides, Ptilozamites [Council of the Geological Society.]	539
[357.]	Thinnfeldia odontopteroides [Council of the Geological Society.]	540
[358.]	Thinnfeldia odontopteroides [Annals of the South African Museum.]	541
[359.]	Thinnfeldia rhomboidalis	542
[360.]	Lomatopteris jurensis, L. Schimperi, Thinnfeldia rhomboidalis	544
[361.]	Ptilozamites Heeri	547
[362.]	Ctenopteris cycadea	549
[363.]	Dichopteris visianica	551
[364.]	Alethopteris lonchitica, Mariopteris muricata, Odontopteris cf. alpina	553
[365.]	Odontopteris minor	554
[366.]	Odontopteris genuina, Callipteridium gigas, Callipteris Pellati, C. lyratifolia	557
[367.]	Callipteris conferta	559
[368.]	Archaeopteris hibernica	561
[369.]	Archaeopteris hibernica, A. archetypus, A.fissilis, A. fimbriata	564
[370.]	Neuropteris with Cyclopteris leaflets [From a block received from Mr Carruthers.]	566
[371.]	Neuropteris heterophylla	568
[372.]	Neuropteris macrophylla	569
[373.]	Neuropteris Scheuchzeri	570
[374.]	Linopteris neuropteroides	573
[375.]	Alethopteris Serlii	575
[376.]	Pecopteris arborescens	578

---

ERRATA IN VOL. I

• Page 16, line 4. For “The North American Tulip tree” read The Tulip tree of North America and China.
• „ 66, line 2 from the bottom. For “Browera” read Berowra.
• „ 127, line 3 and 4 from bottom. For Achyla and Palaeachyla read Achlya and Palaeachlya.
• „ 145, lines 4 and 5. For “Upper Greensand” read Lower Eocene.
• „ 162, line 3 from bottom. For “Corallina barbata” read Cymopolia barbata.
• „ 170, line 20. For “sporangiaphore” read sporangiophore.
• „ 185, line 2. The genera Udotea and Halimeda, members of the Siphoneae, are incorrectly included under the Corallinaceae.
• „ 191, line 11 from bottom. Omit Chondrus crispus, which is one of the Florideae and not a Brown Alga.
• „ 202, line 13. For “Halmeda” read Halimeda.
• „ 250, line 11. For “three” read the.
• „ 381, line 10. For “Calamopytus” read Calamopitys.

---

CHAPTER XII[1].

SPHENOPHYLLALES (concluded).