These are the results of cutting, in the direction of the dotted lines, completely round a simple paper ring, a ring with one twist, and a ring with a double twist.

We have (1) two simple rings; (2) one large-twisted ring; (3) two rings linked together. If a third twist is given before cutting, a curious knot is formed.

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CVII

The string when it has been placed in the position shown in the diagram, and two buttons larger than the hole have been fixed upon its ends can be easily removed if the narrow slip of the leather is drawn through the hole.

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CVIII

The scissors, when securely fastened, as is shown in the diagram,