and

by presupposing that we knew how to recognise the maintenance of congruence in our rod during displacement. In thus defining congruence in terms of congruence our argument would be circular.

The whole trouble arises from the continuity of space which precludes us from attributing any absolute meaning to the statement that two lengths situated in different parts of space are equal or unequal. There is no absolute significance in stating that there is as much space between

and

as between