In the accompanying table will be found the component parts of tones upon a few instruments in common use.

TONE COMPOSITION.

The components of the tones are indicated by lines in the column underneath the figures representing the series. Thus the narrow-stopped organ-pipe gives a sound composed of a fundamental, and overtones three, five, seven, and nine times the number of vibrations of it.

TONE COMPOSITION.

INSTRUMENTS.12345678910
ORGAN PIPES.
Wide stopped/
Narrow stopped/ / / / /
Narrow cylinder//////
Principal (Wood)///
Conically narrow at top./ ///
Flute////
Violin//////////
Piano////////
Bell///////
Clarionet/ / / / /
Bassoon///////
Oboe///////

It must not be inferred that all of the overtones are of equal strength: they are very far from that; but these differ in different instruments, and it is this that constitutes the difference between a good instrument and a poor one of the same name.

In a few of the spaces very light lines are made for the purpose of indicating that such overtones are quite weak. For instance: the piano has the sixth, seventh, and eighth thus marked; these tones being suppressed by the mechanism, as described on a former page.

Only a few of the many forms of organ-pipes are given; but these are sufficient to show what a physical difference there is between the musical tones in such pipes.

As for the human voice, it is very rich in overtones; but no two voices are alike, therefore it would be impossible to tabulate the components of it in the manner they are tabulated for musical instruments.