Next draw around these simple line figures, which are really the skeletons of the man and beast, the outlines as shown in [Fig. 43]. If you are not expert in free hand drawing you can trace these figures on the paper in faint lines with a lead-pencil before you begin your performance, and then all you have to do is to mark over the lines with the crayon.
After you have made these drawings and explained all about them tear off the sheet and on the clean one draw the outline of a man as shown in [Fig. 44] and mark on the proportions of the human body. Have your next sheet ruled off into squares with the lines 2 inches apart; draw in the face and at the same time explain that this makes it easy for any one to get the features in proportion.
Now comes the grand finale[118] (pronounced fi-na´-le) and that is your cartoons.[119] You should practice drawing these and also have some patter[120] about each one so that when you do them for the family audience your tongue will be as clever as your fingers. You can begin by explaining how the expressions of one’s face—that is the way the features look when the mind is at rest or is excited—can all be represented by a few very simple lines.
[118] The last part of an exhibition and it is generally the climax of it.
[119] A cartoon is usually a caricature of a person or thing done in sketchy style. The word comes from the French carton, which means pasteboard.
[120] Witty or amusing talk to help along the act.
Draw eight circles 5 or 6 inches in diameter in a double row on the paper with your marking crayon as shown at [A in Fig. 117]. Now you say first that sleep can be represented by four straight horizontal lines and you draw them as shown in the first circle. Next draw four vertical lines in the second circle and before you can say awake your little audience will see it and laugh its approval.
 |  |  |  |
| FAST ASLEEP | WIDE AWAKE | SOME JOY | MORE SORROW |
 |  |  |  |
| QUITE MODEST | MUCH DISDAIN | SOMEWHAT SURPRISED | A LITTLE ANGRY |
| A |
Fig. 117a. first principles of cartooning
Joy is represented by four little arcs, or curved lines with the ends of each pointing up, which you draw in the third circle, while sorrow is, of course, shown by four curved lines the ends of which point down as in the fourth circle, since the emotion of sorrow is the opposite to that of joy.