APPENDIX T
THE COMMON NAMES OF SOME CHEMICALS

Common NameChemical Name
AlumSulphate of ammonium, or potassium, etc.
Aqua fortisNitric acid
Aqua regiaConcentrated nitric and hydrochloric acid mixed.
Baking sodaSodium carbonate
CalomelMercurious chloride
Carbolic acidPhenol
Caustic potashPotassium hydroxide
Caustic sodaSodium hydroxide
ChalkCalcium carbonate
CopperasFerrous sulphate
Corrosive sublimateMercuric chloride
Cream of tartarPotassium bitartrate
Epsom saltsMagnesium sulphate
Fire dampMethane
Fool’s goldIron pyrites
Glauber’s saltSodium sulphate
Grape sugarGlucose; a carbohydrate
HartshornAqueous solution of ammonia
Jeweler’s puttyTin oxide
Laughing gasNitrous oxide
LimeCalcium oxide
Lunar causticSilver nitrate
Mosaic goldTin bisulphide
Muriatic acidHydrochloric acid
Monsel’s saltsBasic ferric sulphate
Plaster of ParisCalcium sulphate
RealgarRed arsenic sulphide
Red leadLead oxide
Rochelle saltSodium potassium tartrate
Royal waterSee Aqua regia
Sal ammoniacAmmonium chloride
Salt (common)Sodium chloride
Sal sodaSodium carbonate
Salt of tartarPotassium carbonate
SaltpeterPotassium nitrate
Salts of lemonOxalic acid
Slacked limeCalcium hydrate
SodaSodium carbonate
Spirits of saltHydrochloric acid
Sugar of leadLead acetate
Sugar of milkLactose
Tartar emeticPotassium antimonious tartrate
VerdigrisCopper acetate
VermilionMercuric sulphide
VinegarDilute acetic acid
Vitriol, blueCopper sulphate
Vitriol, greenFerrous sulphate
Vitriol, oil ofSulphuric acid
Vitriol, whiteZinc sulphate
Volatile alkaliAmmonia
Washing sodaSodium carbonate
White leadLead carbonate
Zinc whiteZinc sulfid

APPENDIX U
THE FOUR CHIEF THERMOMETRIC SCALES

Fig. 130. The four chief thermometric scales: réaumur, absolute, fahrenheit and centigrade

There are four different thermometer scales used for measuring temperature and these are (1) the Fahrenheit scale which is widely used for all ordinary purposes; (2) the Centigrade which is the standard scale used for scientific work since it is based on the decimal system; (3) the Réaumur scale which is largely used in Germany, and (4) the absolute scale which is reckoned from absolute zero, that is the point at which there is absolutely no heat. It is about 461 degrees Fahr., 274 degrees centigrade, and 219 degrees Réaumur below the zero of these scales.