English Church Architecture of the Middle Ages: An Elementary Handbook

by A. Freeman Smith

[Plate XI.], Figs. 3 and 4, show a few square bays of Gothic vaulting in skeleton diagrams with the forms of plan indicated by dotted lines upon their base-planes. All the lines represent ribs.

[Plate XI.], Figs. 2 and 3, show quadripartite vaulting—i.e., having four compartments in one bay. This is the simplest form of Gothic vault, and belongs chiefly to the Early English period. The ribs ah, bh, ci, di are wall ribs; bg, cg, ag, dg, are cross ribs; ae, ce, be, de, are the diagonal ribs. The ridge-ribs eg and h, e, i, are horizontal, and intersect the summits of the cross ribs and diagonals. At every intersection there is generally a carved keystone or boss.

In the vaulting of a nave the breadth across is about twice the breadth of the aisles, so that the nave bays are not square, but rectangular.

[Plate XI.], Fig. 4, and [Plate XII.], Fig. 2, show lierne-vaulting, having lierne-ribs, the short ribs joining and supporting all the ascending ribs as h, k, l, m, g.

[Plate XII.], Figs. 2 and 3, are lierne vaults. That shown in Fig. 3 is under the belfry of a church tower at Coventry, with circular opening for hoisting the bells.

The detail at B shows the method of collecting the three ribs into one at the springers in the corners A, B, C, D, by small arches in the tracery of ribs.

[Plate XII.], Fig. 1, shows fan-vaulting having no ribs. The lines shown indicate mouldings on the masonry imitating ribs. The structure is built up of slabs of stone, accurately joined together forming concave half-cones, their vertices being the springers of the vault. The dotted lines show some of the jointing; the other lines represent the imitation ribs. The crown of the vault is the flat surface gh, gi, generally richly ornamented.

INDEX

[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [H], [I], [J], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [Q], [R], [S], [T], [V], [W].

Abacus, [Pl. III.], Fig. 1
Arcade (Norman), [Pl. III.], Fig. 7
Ball-Flower, [Pl. VI.], Fig. 3
Band, [Pl. V.], Figs. 10, 11
Base, [Pl. III.], Figs. 1, 5
Battlements, [Pl. IX.], Figs. 4A, 4B
Bay, [Pl. XI.], Fig. 2
Belfry Windows, [Pl. IX.], Figs. 1, 2
Boss, [Pl. XII.], Figs. 2, 3
Braces, [Pl. X.], Figs. 2, 7
Brattishing, [Pl. VIII.], Fig. 5
Broach-Spire, [Pl. V.], Fig. 7
Buttress, [Pl. V.], Fig. 9; [Pl. VII.], Fig. 10
Buttress (Diagonal), [Pl. IX.], Figs. 1, 2
Byzantine, [Pl. I.], Figs. 3 to 16
Byzantium, p. 17
Camber, [Pl. X.], Figs. 1, 2, p. 67
Catacombs, [Pl. I.], Fig. 1
Cathedral, p. 29
Centering, p. 75
Chamfer-Cusp, [Pl. V.], Fig. 5
Chevron, [Pl. I.], Fig. 4; [Pl. III.], Fig. 6
Chrism, [Pl. I.], Figs. 15, 16
Clerestory, [Pl. XI.], Fig. 2
Collar, [Pl. X.], Figs. 2, 5, 7, 8
Conventional, p. 44
Corbel Blocks, [Pl. II.], Fig. 3
Corbel-Table, [Pl. III.], Fig. 4
Crocket, [Pl. V.], Figs, 1, 2; [Pl. VII.], Figs. 10, 11, 14
Crypt, [Pl. I.], Fig. 2
Cushion Capital, [Pl. III.], Figs. 2, 8, 9
Cusp, [Pl. V.], Fig. 5
Cylindrical Shafts, [Pl. III.], Fig. 2
Detached Shafts, [Pl. III.], Fig. 8
Dripstone, [Pl. III.], Figs. 6, 8
Engaged Shafts, [Pl. III.], Fig. 8
Fan-Vaulting, [Pl. XII.], Fig. 1
Finial, [Pl. V.], Fig. 2; [Pl. VII.], Figs. 6, 10, 11; [Pl. VIII.], Fig. 6
Fish Symbol, [Pl. I.], Fig. 11
Flowing Tracery, [Pl. VII.], Figs. 2, 3
Flying-Buttress, [Pl. VII.], Fig. 10
Font (Norman), [Pl. III.], Fig. 7
Geometrical Tracery, [Pl. V.], Fig. 5; [Pl. VII.], Fig. 1
Gothic Arch, [Pl. IV.], Fig. 2; [Pl. V.], Figs. 4, 5
Groin, [Pl. XI.], Figs. 3, 4, p. 75
Groundstory, [Pl. XI.], Fig. 2
Hammer-Beam, [Pl. X.], Fig. 7
Hood-Moulding, [Pl. III.], Figs. 6, 8
I.H.S., [Pl. I.], Fig. 3A
Jamb-Shaft, [Pl. III.], Fig. 8
Labarum, [Pl. I.], Figs. 15, 16
Label, [Pl. VIII.], Fig. 4
Lancet Windows, [Pl. V.], Fig. 4
Lierne-Vaulting, [Pl. XI.], Fig. 4; [Pl. XII.], Figs. 2, 3
Long-and-Short Work, [Pl. II.]
Mullion, [Pl. IX.], Figs. 1, 3, 5, 6
Nave, [Pl. XI.], Fig. 1
Ogee or Ogival, [Pl. VI.], Fig. 2
Open Timber Roof, [Pl. X.], Figs. 3 to 8, p. 67
Orders of Arches, [Pl. III.], Figs. 6, 8
Parapet, [Pl. VI.], Fig. 6; [Pl. IX.], Figs. 1 to 4
Pier, [Plate III.], Fig. 1
Pinnacle, [Pl. VI.], Fig. 6; [Pl. VII.], Fig. 10; [Pl. IX.], Figs. 1, 2, 3
Pitch of Roof, [Pl. X.]
Pointed Arch, pp. 37, 38
Principal and Principal Rafter, [Pl. X.], all Figs.
Purlin, [Pl. X.], Figs. 1, 2
Quadripartite Vaulting, [Pl. XI.], Fig. 3
Quatrefoil, [Pl. I.], Figs. 9, 10
Queen Post, [Pl. X.], Figs. 2, 7, 8
Quoin, [Pl. II.], Figs. 6 to 9
Rafters, Common, [Pl. X.], Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8
Respond, [Pl. III.], Fig. 3; [Pl. XI.], Fig. 2, p. 31
Reticulated Tracery, [Pl. VII.], Fig. 5
Sacred Monogram, [Pl. I.], Fig. 3A
Scallop Capital, [Pl. III.], Fig. 6
Scroll-Moulding, [Pl. VII.], Figs. 12, 13
Shaft, [Pl. III.], Fig. 2, p. 31
Sill, [Pl. II.], Fig. 3
Soffit-Cusp, [Pl. V.], Fig. 5
Spandril, [Pl. VIII.], Fig. 4, p. 60
Springer, [Pl. XII.], Fig. 3, detail
Spur, [Pl. III.], Fig. 5
Square and Circle, [Pl. III.], p. 30
Squinch Arches, p. 43
Stiff-Leaf, [Pl. V.], Fig. 8
String Courses and Dripstones, [Pl. IV.], Fig. 4; [Pl. V.], Fig. 6; [Pl. VII.], Fig. 12; [Pl. VIII.], Fig. 8
Strut, [Pl. X.], Figs. 1, 2, 7
Studs, [Pl. II.], Fig. 3
Symbols, [Pl. I.]
Tie-Beam, [Pl. X.], Figs, 1, 2, 3, 8
Tooth Ornament, [Pl. V.], Fig. 12
Tracery Development, [Pl. V.], Figs. 4, 5; [Pl. VII.], Figs. 1 to 5
Transitional, [Pl. IV.]
Transom, [Pl. IX.], Figs. 1, 2, p. 58
Trefoil, [Pl. I.], Fig. 7
Triforium, [Pl. XI.], Fig. 2
Triquetra, [Pl. I.], Fig. 8; [Pl. III.], Fig. 9
Truss, [Pl. X.]
Tudor Arch, [Pl. VIII.], Fig. 4; [Pl. IX.], Fig. 6
Tudor Flower, [Pl. VIII.], Fig. 2
Vaulting Ribs, [Pl. XII.], Figs. 2, 3; [Pl. XI.], Figs. 3, 4
Vesica Piscis, [Pl. I.], Fig. 5
Wall Post, [Pl. X.], Figs. 3, 7, p. 68
Wave—Moulding, [Pl. VII.], Fig. 9
Web (Vaulting), [Pl. XI.], Figs. 3, 4, p. 76