Acknowledgment of the principal sources of information has been made in footnotes, and a short list of leading authorities has been appended to the chapters on anatomy, for the use of students desirous to pursue the subject further. In the case of geographical distribution the authorities are too numerous and scattered to admit of a list being given.
A special word of thanks is due to Mr. Edwin Wilson for his patient care in preparing the illustrations, the majority of which are taken from specimens in the University Museum of Zoology. Mr. Edgar Smith, besides affording the kind help which visitors to the British Museum always experience at his hands, has permitted me to use many specimens for the purposes of illustration.
A. H. COOKE.
King’s College, Cambridge,
20th December 1894.
CONTENTS
Scheme of the Classification adopted in this Book.
| MOLLUSCA | |
|---|---|
| CHAPTER I | |
| Introduction—Position of Mollusca in the Animal Kingdom—Classification—Originof Land and Fresh-water Mollusca | [1] |
| CHAPTER II | |
| Land and Fresh-water Mollusca, their Habits and General Economy | [23] |
| CHAPTER III | |
| Enemies of the Mollusca—Means of Defence—Mimicry and ProtectiveColoration—Parasitic Mollusca—Commensalism—Variation | [56] |
| CHAPTER IV | |
| Uses of Shells for Money, Ornament, and Food—Cultivation ofthe Oyster, Mussel, and Snail—Snails as Medicine—Prices Given for Shells | [96] |
| CHAPTER V | |
| Reproduction—Deposition of Eggs—Development of the FertilisedOvum—Differences of Sex—Dioecious and HermaphroditeMollusca—Development of Fresh-water Bivalves | [123] |
| CHAPTER VI | |
| Respiration and Circulation—The Mantle | [150] |
| CHAPTER VII | |
| Organs of Sense: Touch, Sight, Smell, Hearing—The Foot—TheNervous System | [177] |
| CHAPTER VIII | |
| The Digestive Organs, Jaw, and Radula: Excretory Organs | [209] |
| CHAPTER IX | |
| The Shell, its Form, Composition, and Growth—Designation ofits Various Parts | [244] |
| CHAPTER X | |
| Geographical Distribution of Land and Fresh-water Mollusca—ThePalaearctic, Oriental, and Australasian Regions | [277] |
| CHAPTER XI | |
| Geographical Distribution of Land Mollusca (continued)—TheEthiopian, Nearctic, and Neotropical Regions | [328] |
| CHAPTER XII | |
| Distribution of Marine Mollusca—Deep-sea Mollusca and theirCharacteristics | [360] |
| CHAPTER XIII | |
| Class Cephalopoda | [378] |
| CHAPTER XIV | |
| Class Gasteropoda—Amphineura and Prosobranchiata | [400] |
| CHAPTER XV | |
| Class Gasteropoda (continued): Opisthobranchiata and Pulmonata | [427] |
| CHAPTER XVI | |
| Classes Scaphopoda and Pelecypoda | [444] |
| BRACHIOPODA (RECENT) | |
| CHAPTER XVII | |
| Introduction—Shell—Body—Digestive System—Body Cavity—CirculatorySystem—Excretory Organs—Muscles—NervousSystem—Reproductive System—Embryology—Habits—Distribution—Classification | [463] |
| BRACHIOPODA (FOSSIL) | |
| CHAPTER XVIII | |
| Introduction—Division I. Ecardines—External Characters—InternalCharacters—Division II. Testicardines—ExternalCharacters—Internal Characters—Synopsis of Families—StratigraphicalDistribution—Phylogeny and Ontogeny | [491] |
SCHEME OF THE CLASSIFICATION ADOPTED IN THIS BOOK
