[287] Plut. (Num. 17) mentions τέκτονες and χαλκεῖς amongst the collegia (Momms. Staatsr. iii. p. 287 n. 1).
[288] So too Polybius (vi. 23, cited p. 70).
[289] Plin. H.N. xxxiii. 3 “Maximus census CXX assium fuit illo (Servio) rege, et ideo haec prima classis.” Festus p. 113 (cited p. 70).
[290] Staatsrecht iii pp. 249, 250. Böckh (Metrologische Untersuchungen p. 444) also takes the view of the asses being sextantarii. He makes the qualifications in terms of the libral as and the as of two ounces respectively: 20,000 = 100,000, 15,000 = 75,000, 10,000 = 50,000, 5000 = 25,000, 2000 = 10,000.
[291] Histoire des Chevaliers Romains (Table at commencement of vol. i).
[292] Festus p. 18 “accensi dicebantur qui in locum mortuorum militum subito subrogabantur, dicti ita, quia ad censum adiciebantur”; p. 369 “velati appellabantur vestiti et inermes qui exercitum sequebantur, quique in mortuorum militum loco substituebantur.” Cf. p. 14 “adscripticii veluti quidam scripti dicebantur, qui supplendis legionibus adscribebantur. Hos et accensos dicebant, quod ad legionum censum essent adscripti. Quidam velatos, quia vestiti inermes sequerentur exercitum.”
[293] Liv. i. 43 “hoc minor census reliquam multitudinem habuit; inde una centuria facta est immunis militia”; Dionys. iv. 18 (the remaining citizens with a qualification under 12½ minae Servius placed in one λόχος) στρατείας τε ἀπέλυσε καὶ πάσης εἰσφορᾶς ἐποίησεν ἀτελεῖς. Cf. vii. 59 οὖτοι στρατειῶν τε ἧσαν ἐλεύθεροι τῶν ἐκ καταλόγου καὶ εἰσφορῶν τῶν κατὰ τιμήματα γενομένων ἀτελεῖς καὶ δι’ ἄμφω ταῦτ’ ἐν ταῖς ψηφοφορίαις ἀτιμότατοι. Cf. Cic. de Rep. ii. 22, 40 “in quo etiam verbis ac nominibus ipsis fuit diligens; qui, cum locupletes assiduos appellasset ab asse dando, eos, qui aut non plus mille quingentos aeris aut omnino nihil in suum censum praeter caput attulissent, proletarios nominavit; ut ex iis quasi proles, id est quasi progenies civitatis, exspectari videretur. Illarum autem sex et nonaginta centuriarum in una centuria tum quidem plures censebantur, quam paene in prima classe tota.”
[294] Ulpian in Fragm. Vat. 138 “ii qui in centuria accensorum velatorum sunt, habent immunitatem a tutelis et curis.”
[295] The word is not technical enough to be used as an argument that the classes included only landholders. The favourite ancient derivation was from ab asse dando (Cic. de Rep. ii. 22, 40, see p. 72), whether for the payment of taxation or for the furnishing of military equipment.
[296] Capite censi, if we trust Cicero (de Rep. ii. 22, 40, see p. 72), came to mean those below 1500 asses (the subsequent limit to the incidence of taxation). The limit of census for military service was also reduced to 4000 asses (Polyb. vi. 19), and finally to 375 (Gell. xvi. 10, 10), and those below this census continued to be called capite censi (Gell. l.c.; Sall. Jug. 86). Aerarius, on the other hand, seems to have preserved its old meaning of those excluded from the centuries—Ps. Asc. in Divin. p. 103 “(Censores) prorsus cives sic notabant ... ut, qui plebeius (esset) ... aerarius fieret, ac per hoc non esset in albo centuriae suae, sed ad hoc [non] esset civis, tantummodo ut pro capite suo tributi nomine aera praeberet.”