[617] For the pro-magistrates see the sections on the consuls and the provinces.
[618] In the course of the Republic imperium came to denote par excellence command abroad, as was natural, since here alone the power was unshackled. Hence the phrase cum imperio esse descriptive of a magistrate who can assert this latent power (Cic. ad Fam. viii. 8, 8 “qui praetores fuerunt neque in provincia cum imperio fuerunt”) and the opposition between magistratus and imperium. Lex Tab. Bant. 1. 16 “quibus quisque eorum mag(istratum) imperiumve inierit”; Lex Acilia Rep. 1. 8 “dum magi(stratum) aut imperium habebunt.”
[619] Liv. iii. 42; xxviii. 45.
[620] Polyb. vi. 19, 21. The tenor of the oath was (c. 21) ἧ μὴν πειθαρχήσειν καὶ ποιήσειν τὸ προσταττόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρχόντων κατὰ δύναμιν.
[621] The soldier is said “jurare in verba consilium” (Liv. ii. 52).
[622] Liv. iii. 20.
[623] ib. viii. 34 “latrocinii modo caeca et fortuita pro sollemni et sacrata militia sit.”
[624] Dionys. xi. 43.
[625] p. 79.
[626] See the section on the intercessio.