[707] Dio Cass. liii. 17.
[708] Plin. H.N. vii 44; Liv. Ep. 59.
[709] Liv. ii 55; vii. 4.
[710] The virgis caedi in the third lex Valeria (note 2) probably refers to scourging as well as to death by the rod.
[711] Capito ap. Gell. iv. 10 “Caesar consul viatorem vocavit eumque (Catonem), cum finem non faceret (of speaking in the Senate) prendi loquentem et in carcerem duci jussit.” Cf. Suet. Caes. 17.
[712] The earliest recorded case is in Liv. Ep. xlviii. (Momms. Staatsr. i. p. 154). A typical instance belonging to the year 60 B.C. is described in Cic. ad Att. ii. 1, 8; Dio Cass. xxxvii. 50.
[713] It was thus that the imprisonment of M. Bibulus, consul in 59 (Cic. in Vat. 9, 21), and of M. Crassus, consul in 55 (Dio Cass. xxxix. 39), was prevented.
[714] The annals introduce bail as early as the trial of Kaeso Quinctius in 461 B.C. (Liv. iii. 13).
[715] Liv. xxv. 4 (212 B.C.).
[716] Mommsen (Staatsr. i. p. 143 n. 1) takes the view that the quaestor had no power of coercitio through multa and pignus. For an opposite opinion see Karlowa Rechtsgesch. i. p. 171 and Huschke Multa p. 36.