[1347] Cf. Sall. Cat. 50 “consul ... convocato senatu refert quid de eis fieri placeat, qui in custodiam traditi erant. Sed eos paulo ante frequens senatus judivcaerat contra rem publicam fecisse.”
[1348] Although the ultimum senatus consultum had not been passed against Ti. Gracchus, the condemnation of his adherents without appeal (Vell. ii. 7; Val. Max. iv. 7, 1) was the exercise of the jurisdiction of martial law. It was this jurisdiction which elicited the plebiscitum of C. Gracchus.
[1349] Cic. pro Rab. 4, 12 “C. Gracchus legem tulit ne de capite civium Romanorum injussu vestro judicaretur.”
[1350] Schol. Ambros. p. 370 “Quia sententiam (wrongly for “legem”; see Zumpt Criminalrecht i. 2 p. 73) tulerat Gracchus ne quis in civem Romanum capitalem sententiam diceret.” Cf. Cic. pro Sest. 28, 61 “Consule me, (Cato), cum esset designatus tribunus plebis, obtulit in discrimen vitam suam: dixit eam sententiam, cujus invidiam capitis periculo sibi praestandam videbat.” So Dio Cassius (xxxviii 14), in speaking of the first bill of Clodius against Cicero, says ἔφερε μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν βουλήν, ὅτι τοῖς τε ὑπάτοις τὴν φυλακὴν τῆς πόλεως ... προσετετάχει.
[1351] Plut. C. Gracch. 4 τὸν δὲ (νόμον εἰσέφερε) εἴ τις ἄρχων ἄκριτον ἐκκεκηρύχοι πολίτην, κατ’ αὐτοῦ διδόντα κρίσιν τῷ δήμῳ. δῆμος here may mean either populus or plebs; but Gracchus, as tribune, put his own law into force against Popilius (Cic. pro Domo 31, 82).
[1352] Cic. in Cat. iv. 5, 10 “At vero C. Caesar intelligit legem Semproniam esse de civibus Romanis constitutam; qui autem rei publicae sit hostis eum civem esse nullo modo posse.”
[1353] Cic. in Pis. 4, 9; pro Sest. 25, 55; Dio Cass. xxxviii. 13.
[1354] Cic. ad Q. fr. ii. 3, 5 (56 B.C.) “senatus consultum factum est ut sodalitates decuriatique discederent lexque de iis ferretur ut, qui non discessissent, ea poena quae est de vi tenerentur.” The sodalitates were clubs of the type of the Greek ἑταιρεῖαι, the decuriati probably electioneering associations.
[1355] Cic. ad Att. i. 16, 12 (61 B.C.) “senatus consulta duo jam facta sunt odiosa ... unum, ut apud magistratus inquiri liceret, alterum, cujus domi divisores habitarent, adversus rem publicam.”
[1356] Liv. ix. 8-12; Plut. Ti. Gracch. 7; Cic. de Off. iii. 30, 109; Sall. Jug. 39.