—— Lewis V., Elector, [167];

puts down peasants, turns Protestant, [179], [211].

Palatine, Frederick II., Elector, brother of Lewis, submits to Charles, [227].

‘Pancarte,’ [441].

Paolo, Gian, [52].

Papal States, the, origin of, [10];

extension of, [49]–[56].

Parlement of Paris, [5];

(Appendix, [449]–[450]);

weakness of, [5];