[47] On Charles’ responsibility for the sack of Rome, cf. Armstrong’s Charles V., i. 172.

[48] On Francesco’s death in 1535, the duchy was annexed by the Emperor.

[49] On the assassination of Alessandro, 1537, Cosimo of the younger branch of the Medici became Duke.

[50] The Recess (Reichsabscheid) was the collection of the Decrees of the Diet which had received the assent of the Emperor (Reichsschlüsse).

[51] Ferdinand had been recognised as King of Hungary after the death of Lewis at Mohacs (cf. [p. 184]). But his claim was opposed by Zapolya, Woivode of Transylvania, who was supported by Solyman.

[52] Eck, however, had opposed it throughout. Granvelle the chancellor, Gropper and Pflug, two Catholic divines, were in favour of it.

[53] James had married (1) Magdalen, daughter of Francis I.; (2) Mary of Guise.


CHAPTER V