CHAPTER VII
THE OCEANIC MONGOLS
Range of the Oceanic Mongols—The terra "Malay"—The Historical Malays—Malay Cradle—Migrations and Present Range—The Malayans—The Javanese—Balinese and Sassaks—Hindu Legends in Bali—The Malayan Seafarers and Rovers—Malaysia and Pelasgia: a Historical Parallel—Malayan Folklore—Borneo—Punan—Klemantan—Bahau-Kenyah-Kayan—Iban (Sea Dayak)—Summary—Religion—Early Man and his Works in Sumatra—The Mentawi Islanders—Javanese and Hindu Influences—The Malaysian Alphabets—The Battas: Cultured Cannibals—Hindu and Primitive Survivals—The Achinese—Early Records—Islam and Hindu Reminiscences—Ethnical Relations in Madagascar—Prehistoric Peoples—Oceanic Immigrants—Negroid Element—Arab Element—Uniformity of Language—Malagasy Gothamites—Partial Fusion of Races—Hova Type—Black Element from Africa—Mental Qualities of the Malagasy—Spread of Christianity—Culture—Malagasy Folklore—The Philippine Natives—Effects of a Christian Theocratic Government on the National Character—Social Groups: the Indios, the Infielos, and the Moros—Malayans and Indonesians in Formosa—The Chinese Settlers—Racial and Linguistic Affinities—Formosa a Connecting Link between the Continental and Oceanic Populations—The Nicobarese.
Conspectus.
Distribution.
Present Range. Indonesia, Philippines, Formosa, Nicobar Is., Madagascar.
Physical Characters.
Hair, same as Southern Mongols, scant or no beard. Colour, yellowish or olive brown, yellow tint sometimes very faint or absent, light leathery hue common in Madagascar.
Skull, brachy or sub-brachycephalic (78 to 85). Jaws, slightly projecting. Cheek-bones, prominent, but less so than true Mongol. Nose, rather small, often straight with widish nostrils (mesorrhine). Eyes, black, medium size, horizontal or slightly oblique, often with Mongol fold. Stature, undersized, from 1.52 m. to 1.65 m. (5 ft. to 5 ft. 5 in.). Lips, thickish, slightly protruding, and kept a little apart in repose. Arms and legs, rather small, slender and delicate; feet, small.
Mental Characters.