[700] Who take their name from a mythical Uz-beg, "Prince Uz" (beg in Turki = a chief, or hereditary ruler).
[701] Both of these take their name, not from mythical but from historical chiefs:—Kazan Khan of the Volga, "the rival of Cyrus and Alexander," who was however of the house of Jenghiz, consequently not a Turk, like most of his subjects, but a true Mongol (ob. 1304); and Noga, the ally and champion of Michael Palaeologus against the Mongols marching under the terrible Holagu almost to the shores of the Bosporus.
[702] Gibbon, Chap. LVII. By the "Turkish nation" is here to be understood the western section only. The Turks of Máwar-en-Nahar and Kashgaria (Eastern Turkestan) had been brought under the influences of Islam by the first Arab invaders from Persia two centuries earlier.
[703] "Die Stellung der Türken in Europa," in Geogr. Zeitschrift, Leipzig, 1897, Part 5, p. 250 sq.
[704] "Ethnographic Researches," edited by N. E. Vasilofsky for the Imperial Geogr. Soc. 1896, quoted in Nature, Dec. 3, 1896, p. 97.
[705] A. Erman, Reise um die Erde, 1835, Vol. III. p. 51.
[706] Quoted by Peschel, Races of Man, p. 383.
[707] M. Balkashin in Izvestia Russ. Geogr. Soc., April, 1883.
[708] Kara = "Black," with reference to the colour of their round felt tents.
[709] On the obscure relations of these Hordes to the Kara-Kirghiz and prehistoric Usuns some light has been thrown by the investigations of N. A. Aristov, a summary of whose conclusions is given by A. Ivanovski in Centralblatt für Anthropologie, etc., 1896, p. 47.